Seçici Fetal Redüksiyon; Olumsuz Gebelik Sonuçlarıyla İlişkili Prosedürel Faktörler
Year 2025,
Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 50 - 55, 15.03.2025
Ömer Gökhan Eyisoy
,
Ümit Taşdemir
,
Mucize Eriç Özdemir
,
Murad Gezer
,
Oya Demirci
Abstract
Giriş: Bu çalışmanın amacı, seçici fetal redüksiyon (SFR) uygulamalarında olumsuz gebelik sonuçlarına yol açan prosedürel faktörleri araştırmaktır.
Yöntemler: Çalışma kohortu, altı yıllık süre boyunca SFR uygulanan tüm çoğul gebelikleri içermektedir. SFR prosedürü iki ana endikasyon için uygulanmıştır: birincisi, fetal anomali vakalarında; ikincisi ise, üçüz ve daha yüksek dereceli gebeliklerde fetüs sayısını azaltmak için elektif olarak. 34. gebelik haftasından önce preterm doğum veya preterm prematür membran rüptürü, plasental abrupsiyon, 24. gebelik haftasından önce gebelik kaybı ve intrauterin fetal ölüm olumsuz gebelik sonuçları olarak tanımlanmıştır. Olumsuz gebelik sonuçları ile ilişkili prosedürel faktörler değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: 33 çoğul gebeliğe toplam 39 SFR işlemi uygulanmış ve bunların 31'i canlı doğumla sonuçlanmıştır. Elektif endikasyon ile SFR uygulanan, birden fazla işlem uygulanan, işlem öncesinde üçüz veya daha yüksek dereceli veya işlem sonrasında ikiz veya daha yüksek dereceli gebeliklerde daha yüksek oranda olumsuz gebelik sonuçları gözlenmiştir. Elektif SFR prosedürlerinin ve birden fazla işlemin olumsuz gebelik sonuçları riskinde 8 kat ve 13,3 kat artışla ilişkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. İşlem öncesinde üçüz veya daha yüksek dereceli gebeliğe ve işlem sonrasında ikiz veya daha yüksek dereceli gebeliğe sahip olmak olumsuz gebelik sonuç riskini sırasıyla 6,5 ve 5,8 kat arttırmaktadır.
Sonuç: Seçici fetal redüksiyon işleminin yüksek dereceli gebeliklerin yönetiminde ilk seçenek olarak görülmesi yerine, yardımcı üreme teknolojilerinin yüksek dereceli gebeliklerin oluşmasına yol açmayacak şekilde kullanılması önerilmektedir. Yüksek dereceli gebeliğin önlenmesinin mümkün olmadığı durumlarda, olumsuz gebelik sonuçlarını azaltmanın bir yöntemi olarak seçici fetal redüksiyon risk ve faydaları açısından değerlendirilmelidir.
Ethical Statement
Çalışma protokolü Zeynep Kamil Kadın ve Çocuk Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi etik kurulu tarafından onaylandı (Onay numarası:168, Tarih:20.12.2023)
Supporting Institution
Yok
Project Number
12312 231241
Thanks
Retrospektif verilerin elde edilmesinde bize yardımcı olan perinatoloji kliniği sekreterlerine teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.
References
- Hayes EJ, and Hayes MR. Multiple Gestations. In: Berghella V, editor. Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, fourth edition. Philedelphia: CRC Press; 2022. p. 469-81.
- Evans MI, Andriole S, Britt DW. Fetal reduction: 25 years' experience. Fetal diagn ther. 2014;35(2):69-82.
- Gleicher N, Oleske DM, Tur-Kaspa I, Vidali A, Karande V. Reducing the risk of high-order multiple pregnancy after ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins. N Engl J of Med. 2000;343(1):2-7.
- Santana DS, Silveira C, Costa ML, et al. Perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies complicated by maternal morbidity: evidence from the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2018;18:1-11.
- Wen SW, Demissie K, Yang Q, Walker MC. Maternal morbidity and obstetric complications in triplet pregnancies and quadruplet and higher-order multiple pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;191(1):254-8.
- Glinianaia S, Rankin J, Wright C. Congenital anomalies in twins: a register-based study. Hum Reprod. 2008;23(6):1306-11.
- Yaron Y, Johnson KD, Bryant-Greenwood PK, Kramer RL, Johnson MP, Evans MI. Selective termination and elective reduction in twin pregnancies: 10 years experience at a single centre. Hum Reprod. 1998;13(8):2301-4.
- Eyisoy ÖG, Özgökçe Ç, Uygur L, et al. Clinical and genetic aspects of termination of pregnancy; tertiary center experience. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2023;20(3):234-41.
- Eyisoy ÖG, Uygur L, Taşdemir Ü, Özgökçe Ç, Cambaztepe B, Demirci O. Analysis of the process leading to termination of pregnancy in the third trimester. Perinat J. 2023;31(1):66-73.
- Sebghati M, Khalil A. Reduction of multiple pregnancy: Counselling and techniques. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2021;70:112-22.
- Multifetal Gestations: Twin, Triplet, and Higher-Order Multifetal Pregnancies: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 231. Obstet Gynecol. 2021;137(6):145-2.
- Kilby MD, Bricker L. Management of monochorionic twin pregnancy. BJOG: Int J Obstet Gynaecol 2017;124:1-45.
- Papageorghiou A, Avgidou K, Bakoulas V, Sebire N, Nicolaides K. Risks of miscarriage and early preterm birth in trichorionic triplet pregnancies with embryo reduction versus expectant management: new data and systematic review. Hum Reprod. 2006;21(7):1912-7.
- Chaveeva P, Kosinski P, Puglia D, Poon L, Nicolaides K. Trichorionic and dichorionic triplet pregnancies at 10-14 weeks: outcome after embryo reduction compared to expectant management. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2013;34(4):199-205.
- Anthoulakis C, Dagklis T, Mamopoulos A, Athanasiadis A. Risks of miscarriage or preterm delivery in trichorionic and dichorionic triplet pregnancies with embryo reduction versus expectant management: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod. 2017;32(6):1351-9.
- Zipori Y, Haas J, Berger H, Barzilay E. Multifetal pregnancy reduction of triplets to twins compared with non-reduced triplets: a meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online. 2017;35(3):296-304.
- Zemet R, Haas J, Bart Y, et al. 132: The earlier the better or the later the better: Optimal timing of fetal reduction from twins to singleton. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;218(1):94.
- Raffé-Devine J, Somerset DA, Metcalfe A, Cairncross ZF. Maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes of elective fetal reduction among multiple gestation pregnancies: a systematic review. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2022;44(1):60-70. e12.
- Sivrikoz TS, Demir O, Kalelioglu IH, et al. The effects of early or late multifetal reduction procedure on perinatal outcomes in multiple pregnancies reduced to twins or singletons: A single tertiary center experience. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2022;270:195-200.
- Obstetricians ACo, Gynecologists. ACOG Committee opinion no. 553: multifetal pregnancy reduction. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;121(2 Pt 1):405-10.
- Kamath MS, Mascarenhas M, Kirubakaran R, Bhattacharya S. Number of embryos for transfer following in vitro fertilisation or intra‐cytoplasmic sperm injection. Cochrane Database of Syst Rev. 2020(8):1-74.
Selective Fetal Reduction; Procedurel Factors Associated with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Year 2025,
Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 50 - 55, 15.03.2025
Ömer Gökhan Eyisoy
,
Ümit Taşdemir
,
Mucize Eriç Özdemir
,
Murad Gezer
,
Oya Demirci
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with selective fetal reduction (SFR) procedures that result in adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Methods: The study cohort comprises all multiple pregnancies that underwent SFR during the period of six years. The SFR procedure has been performed for two main indications: first, in cases of fetal anomaly; and secondly, electively to reduce the number of fetuses in triplet and higher-order pregnancies. Preterm birth or preterm premature rupture of the membranes prior to 34 weeks of gestation, placental abruption, pregnancy loss before 24 weeks of gestation, and intrauterine fetal death defined as adverse pregnancy outcomes. Procedural factors associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes were evaluated.
Results: A total of 39 SFR procedures were performed on 33 multiple pregnancies, with 31 resulting in live birth. A higher rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes was observed in pregnancies that underwent elective SFR, more than one procedure , were having triplets or higher-order pregnancies prior to the procedure, or were having twin or higher-order pregnancies post-procedure. Elective SFR procedures and multiple procedures have been demonstrated to be associated with an 8-fold and a 13.3-fold increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The risk ratio of triplet or higher-order pregnancies prior to the procedure and twin or higher-order pregnancies post-procedure was found to be 6.5 and 5.8, respectively, for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Conclusions: Instead of considering SFR as the first option in the management of higher order pregnancies, it is recommended that assisted reproductive technologies be used in a way that does not lead to high-order pregnancies. In cases where the prevention of a higher order pregnancy has not been possible, SFR should be considered in terms of its risks and benefits as a method of reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Ethical Statement
The study protocol was approved by Zeynep Kamil Women and Children's Diseases Training and Research Hospital ethical committee (Approval number:168, Date:20.12.2023)
Supporting Institution
None
Project Number
12312 231241
Thanks
We would like to express our gratitude to the secretaries of the perinatology clinic for their assistance in obtaining retrospective data.
References
- Hayes EJ, and Hayes MR. Multiple Gestations. In: Berghella V, editor. Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, fourth edition. Philedelphia: CRC Press; 2022. p. 469-81.
- Evans MI, Andriole S, Britt DW. Fetal reduction: 25 years' experience. Fetal diagn ther. 2014;35(2):69-82.
- Gleicher N, Oleske DM, Tur-Kaspa I, Vidali A, Karande V. Reducing the risk of high-order multiple pregnancy after ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins. N Engl J of Med. 2000;343(1):2-7.
- Santana DS, Silveira C, Costa ML, et al. Perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies complicated by maternal morbidity: evidence from the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2018;18:1-11.
- Wen SW, Demissie K, Yang Q, Walker MC. Maternal morbidity and obstetric complications in triplet pregnancies and quadruplet and higher-order multiple pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;191(1):254-8.
- Glinianaia S, Rankin J, Wright C. Congenital anomalies in twins: a register-based study. Hum Reprod. 2008;23(6):1306-11.
- Yaron Y, Johnson KD, Bryant-Greenwood PK, Kramer RL, Johnson MP, Evans MI. Selective termination and elective reduction in twin pregnancies: 10 years experience at a single centre. Hum Reprod. 1998;13(8):2301-4.
- Eyisoy ÖG, Özgökçe Ç, Uygur L, et al. Clinical and genetic aspects of termination of pregnancy; tertiary center experience. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2023;20(3):234-41.
- Eyisoy ÖG, Uygur L, Taşdemir Ü, Özgökçe Ç, Cambaztepe B, Demirci O. Analysis of the process leading to termination of pregnancy in the third trimester. Perinat J. 2023;31(1):66-73.
- Sebghati M, Khalil A. Reduction of multiple pregnancy: Counselling and techniques. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2021;70:112-22.
- Multifetal Gestations: Twin, Triplet, and Higher-Order Multifetal Pregnancies: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 231. Obstet Gynecol. 2021;137(6):145-2.
- Kilby MD, Bricker L. Management of monochorionic twin pregnancy. BJOG: Int J Obstet Gynaecol 2017;124:1-45.
- Papageorghiou A, Avgidou K, Bakoulas V, Sebire N, Nicolaides K. Risks of miscarriage and early preterm birth in trichorionic triplet pregnancies with embryo reduction versus expectant management: new data and systematic review. Hum Reprod. 2006;21(7):1912-7.
- Chaveeva P, Kosinski P, Puglia D, Poon L, Nicolaides K. Trichorionic and dichorionic triplet pregnancies at 10-14 weeks: outcome after embryo reduction compared to expectant management. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2013;34(4):199-205.
- Anthoulakis C, Dagklis T, Mamopoulos A, Athanasiadis A. Risks of miscarriage or preterm delivery in trichorionic and dichorionic triplet pregnancies with embryo reduction versus expectant management: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod. 2017;32(6):1351-9.
- Zipori Y, Haas J, Berger H, Barzilay E. Multifetal pregnancy reduction of triplets to twins compared with non-reduced triplets: a meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online. 2017;35(3):296-304.
- Zemet R, Haas J, Bart Y, et al. 132: The earlier the better or the later the better: Optimal timing of fetal reduction from twins to singleton. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;218(1):94.
- Raffé-Devine J, Somerset DA, Metcalfe A, Cairncross ZF. Maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes of elective fetal reduction among multiple gestation pregnancies: a systematic review. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2022;44(1):60-70. e12.
- Sivrikoz TS, Demir O, Kalelioglu IH, et al. The effects of early or late multifetal reduction procedure on perinatal outcomes in multiple pregnancies reduced to twins or singletons: A single tertiary center experience. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2022;270:195-200.
- Obstetricians ACo, Gynecologists. ACOG Committee opinion no. 553: multifetal pregnancy reduction. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;121(2 Pt 1):405-10.
- Kamath MS, Mascarenhas M, Kirubakaran R, Bhattacharya S. Number of embryos for transfer following in vitro fertilisation or intra‐cytoplasmic sperm injection. Cochrane Database of Syst Rev. 2020(8):1-74.