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AVNRT Ablasyonunun İleti Sistemi Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 56 - 60, 15.03.2025

Abstract

Giriş: Atriyoventriküler nodal reentrant taşikardi (AVNRT), dar QRS kompleksli supraventriküler taşikardiler arasında en sık görülenlerden biridir. Kateter ablasyonu, yüksek başarı oranları ve düşük komplikasyon riskleri nedeniyle AVNRT’nin en etkili tedavi yöntemlerinden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Ancak ablasyon sonrası atriyoventriküler iletim sistemindeki değişikliklerin değerlendirilmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, AVNRT ablasyonu yapılan hastaların elektrokardiyografik değişiklikleri incelenmiştir.

Yöntemler: Ocak 2023 ile Aralık 2024 tarihleri arasında çarpıntı şikayetiyle başvuran ve yapılan elektrofizyolojik çalışma sonucunda AVNRT tanısı konulan toplam 148 hasta çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. İki grup arasındaki 1 msn farkı tespit etmek için gereken minimum örneklem büyüklüğü, açık kaynaklı R 3.0.1 programı kullanılarak %90 güç ve 0.05 tip I hata ile en az 44 birey olarak hesaplanmıştır. Birincil etki değişkeni ± 0,18 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Verilerin tanımlayıcı istatistiklerinde ortalama, standart sapma, oran ve frekans değerleri kullanıldı. Sürekli değişkenlerin dağılımının normal olup olmadığını değerlendirmek için Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi kullanıldı. Bağımlı değişkenlerin analizinde McNemar testi kullanıldı. Parametrik verilerin analizinde Student t-testi kullanıldı. Nonparametrik verilerin analizinde Mann-Whitney U testi kullanıldı. İstatistiksel anlamlılık p<0,05 olarak tanımlandı.

Bulgular: Ablasyon sonrası kalp hızı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde artmış olup QRS süresi de anlamlı düzeyde uzamıştır. PR süresinde ise hafif fakat anlamlı bir uzama gözlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, düzeltilmiş QT süresi açısından anlamlı bir değişiklik saptanmamıştır.

Sonuç: AVNRT ablasyonu sonrası kalp hızı, QRS süresi ve PR süresinde hafif fakat anlamlı değişiklikler gözlenmiştir. Bu değişikliklerin, atriyoventriküler düğüm yavaş yolunun modifikasyonu ile ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. QTc süresinde belirgin bir değişiklik olmaması, ablasyonun ventriküler repolarizasyon üzerine olumsuz bir etkisi olmadığını göstermektedir. Başarılı AVNRT ablasyonu ile oluşan bu değişikliklerin, özellikle sonlanım noktaları belirli olmayan hastalarda başarıyı öngördürebileceği düşünülmektedir.

References

  • Zylla MM, Brachmann J, Lewalter T, et al. Symptomatic arrhythmias after catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT): results from the German Ablation Registry. Clin Res Cardiol. 2020;109(7):858-868. doi:10.1007/s00392-019-01576-x.
  • Kimman GP, Bogaard MD, van Hemel NM, et al. Ten year follow-up after radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in the early days forever cured, or a source for new arrhythmias?. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2005;28(12):1302-1309. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.2005.00271.
  • Kusterer N, Morales G, Butt M, et al. Junctional ectopic rhythm after AVNRT ablation: An underrecognized complication. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2018;41(2):182-193. doi:10.1111/pace.13260
  • Femenía F, Arce M, Arrieta M, Palazzolo J, Trucco E. Long-term results of slow pathway ablation in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia: simple approach. J Electrocardiol. 2012;45(3):203-8. doi:10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2011.12.007
  • Fragakis N, Krexi L, Kyriakou P, et al. Electrophysiological markers predicting impeding AV-block during ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2018;41(1):7-13. doi:10.1111/pace.13245
  • Bhaskaran A, Chik W, Thomas S, Kovoor P, Thiagalingam A. A review of the safety aspects of radio frequency ablation. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. 2015;8:147-53. Published 2015 Jun 9. doi:10.1016/j.ijcha.2015.04.011
  • Etaee F, Elayi CS, Catanzarro J, et al. Gender associated disparities in atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia: A review article. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2021;32(6):1772-7. doi:10.1111/jce.15078.
  • Irfan AB, Arab C, DeFilippis AP, et al. Smoking Accelerates Atrioventricular Conduction in Humans Concordant with Increased Dopamine Release. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2021;21(2):169-178. doi:10.1007/s12012-020-09610-5
  • Bun SS, Wedn AM, Taher A, et al. Slow pathway elimination using antegrade conduction improvement with fast atrial pacing during AVNRT radiofrequency ablation: a proof-of-concept study. Acta Cardiol. 2022;77(6):524-531. doi:10.1080/00015385.2021.1965355.
  • Katritsis DG, Becker AE, Ellenbogen KA, Giazitzoglou E, Korovesis S, Camm AJ. Effect of slow pathway ablation in atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia on the electrophysiologic characteristics of the inferior atrial inputs to the human atrioventricular node. Am J Cardiol. 2006;97(6):860-865. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.09.135
  • Zeljković I, Pavlović N, Radeljić V, Manola Š. Delayed radiofrequency ablation efficacy in slow pathway ablation: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep. 2021;5(2):ytaa489. doi:10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa489.
  • Lin JL, Huang SK, Lai LP, et al. Distal end of the atrioventricular nodal artery predicts the risk of atrioventricular block during slow pathway catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia. Heart. 2000;83(5):543-550. doi:10.1136/heart.83.5.543
  • Rane S, Bohora S, Acharya D, Parikh R, Bansal R. Incidence, clinical characteristics, electrophysiological characteristics and outcomes of patients with baseline PR prolongation undergoing radiofrequency ablation for Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2024;24(1):16-9. doi:10.1016/j.ipej.2023.11.005
  • Jazayeri MR, Hempe SL, Sra JS, et al. Selective transcatheter ablation of the fast and slow pathways using radiofrequency energy in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Circulation. 1992;85(4):1318-1328. doi:10.1161/01.cir.85.4.1318
  • Sato D, Otani H, Noda T, et al. Retrograde fast pathway ablation with the EnSite NavX mapping system for slow-fast atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia and a prolonged PR interval during sinus rhythm. J Cardiol Cases. 2011;3(3):e143-e148. Published 2011 Apr 12. doi:10.1016/j.jccase.2011.03.005
  • Di C, Wang Q, Wu Y, Li L, Lin W. The underrecognized and neglected compact atrioventricular nodal potential: clinical significance for preventing atrioventricular block during so-called slow pathway radiofrequency ablation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2024;67(1):165-174. doi:10.1007/s10840-023-01597-7
  • Hafeez Y, Armstrong TJ. Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; August 7, 2023.

The Effects of AVNRT Ablation on the Conduction System

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 56 - 60, 15.03.2025

Abstract

Introduction: Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is one of the most common types of narrow QRS complex supraventricular tachycardias. Catheter ablation is considered one of the most effective treatment methods for AVNRT due to its high success rates and low complication risks. However, it is crucial to evaluate the changes in the atrioventricular conduction system following ablation. In this study, electrocardiographic changes in patients who underwent AVNRT ablation were analyzed.

Methods: A total of 148 patients who were presented with palpitations and were diagnosed with AVNRT through an electrophysiological study between January 2023 and December 2024 were included in the study. The minimum required sample size to detect a 1 msn difference between the two groups was calculated as at least 44 individuals with 90% power and a 0.05 Type I error using the open-source program R 3.0.1. Descriptive statistics of the data included mean, standard deviation, ratio, and frequency values. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to assess the normality of continuous variable distributions. The McNemar test was used for the analysis of dependent variables. The Student's t-test was used for the analysis of parametric data, while the Mann-Whitney U test was used for nonparametric data. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05.

Results: After ablation, heart rate increased significantly, while the QRS duration also showed a statistically significant prolongation. A slight but significant prolongation was observed in the PR interval as well. However, no significant change was detected in the corrected QT interval.

Conclusions: Following AVNRT ablation, slight but significant changes were observed in heart rate, QRS duration, and PR interval. These changes are thought to be associated with the modification of the slow pathway of the atrioventricular node. The absence of a significant change in the QTc interval suggests that ablation does not have a negative impact on ventricular repolarization. These electrocardiographic changes following successful AVNRT ablation may serve as potential predictors of success, particularly in patients without well-defined endpoints.

References

  • Zylla MM, Brachmann J, Lewalter T, et al. Symptomatic arrhythmias after catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT): results from the German Ablation Registry. Clin Res Cardiol. 2020;109(7):858-868. doi:10.1007/s00392-019-01576-x.
  • Kimman GP, Bogaard MD, van Hemel NM, et al. Ten year follow-up after radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in the early days forever cured, or a source for new arrhythmias?. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2005;28(12):1302-1309. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.2005.00271.
  • Kusterer N, Morales G, Butt M, et al. Junctional ectopic rhythm after AVNRT ablation: An underrecognized complication. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2018;41(2):182-193. doi:10.1111/pace.13260
  • Femenía F, Arce M, Arrieta M, Palazzolo J, Trucco E. Long-term results of slow pathway ablation in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia: simple approach. J Electrocardiol. 2012;45(3):203-8. doi:10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2011.12.007
  • Fragakis N, Krexi L, Kyriakou P, et al. Electrophysiological markers predicting impeding AV-block during ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2018;41(1):7-13. doi:10.1111/pace.13245
  • Bhaskaran A, Chik W, Thomas S, Kovoor P, Thiagalingam A. A review of the safety aspects of radio frequency ablation. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. 2015;8:147-53. Published 2015 Jun 9. doi:10.1016/j.ijcha.2015.04.011
  • Etaee F, Elayi CS, Catanzarro J, et al. Gender associated disparities in atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia: A review article. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2021;32(6):1772-7. doi:10.1111/jce.15078.
  • Irfan AB, Arab C, DeFilippis AP, et al. Smoking Accelerates Atrioventricular Conduction in Humans Concordant with Increased Dopamine Release. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2021;21(2):169-178. doi:10.1007/s12012-020-09610-5
  • Bun SS, Wedn AM, Taher A, et al. Slow pathway elimination using antegrade conduction improvement with fast atrial pacing during AVNRT radiofrequency ablation: a proof-of-concept study. Acta Cardiol. 2022;77(6):524-531. doi:10.1080/00015385.2021.1965355.
  • Katritsis DG, Becker AE, Ellenbogen KA, Giazitzoglou E, Korovesis S, Camm AJ. Effect of slow pathway ablation in atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia on the electrophysiologic characteristics of the inferior atrial inputs to the human atrioventricular node. Am J Cardiol. 2006;97(6):860-865. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.09.135
  • Zeljković I, Pavlović N, Radeljić V, Manola Š. Delayed radiofrequency ablation efficacy in slow pathway ablation: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep. 2021;5(2):ytaa489. doi:10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa489.
  • Lin JL, Huang SK, Lai LP, et al. Distal end of the atrioventricular nodal artery predicts the risk of atrioventricular block during slow pathway catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia. Heart. 2000;83(5):543-550. doi:10.1136/heart.83.5.543
  • Rane S, Bohora S, Acharya D, Parikh R, Bansal R. Incidence, clinical characteristics, electrophysiological characteristics and outcomes of patients with baseline PR prolongation undergoing radiofrequency ablation for Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2024;24(1):16-9. doi:10.1016/j.ipej.2023.11.005
  • Jazayeri MR, Hempe SL, Sra JS, et al. Selective transcatheter ablation of the fast and slow pathways using radiofrequency energy in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Circulation. 1992;85(4):1318-1328. doi:10.1161/01.cir.85.4.1318
  • Sato D, Otani H, Noda T, et al. Retrograde fast pathway ablation with the EnSite NavX mapping system for slow-fast atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia and a prolonged PR interval during sinus rhythm. J Cardiol Cases. 2011;3(3):e143-e148. Published 2011 Apr 12. doi:10.1016/j.jccase.2011.03.005
  • Di C, Wang Q, Wu Y, Li L, Lin W. The underrecognized and neglected compact atrioventricular nodal potential: clinical significance for preventing atrioventricular block during so-called slow pathway radiofrequency ablation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2024;67(1):165-174. doi:10.1007/s10840-023-01597-7
  • Hafeez Y, Armstrong TJ. Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; August 7, 2023.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Cardiology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mehmet Hakan Uzun 0000-0003-3275-2875

Mevlüt Serdar Kuyumcu 0000-0003-1934-5773

Publication Date March 15, 2025
Submission Date February 3, 2025
Acceptance Date March 10, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Uzun, M. H., & Kuyumcu, M. S. (2025). The Effects of AVNRT Ablation on the Conduction System. Eskisehir Medical Journal, 6(1), 56-60.
AMA Uzun MH, Kuyumcu MS. The Effects of AVNRT Ablation on the Conduction System. Eskisehir Med J. March 2025;6(1):56-60.
Chicago Uzun, Mehmet Hakan, and Mevlüt Serdar Kuyumcu. “The Effects of AVNRT Ablation on the Conduction System”. Eskisehir Medical Journal 6, no. 1 (March 2025): 56-60.
EndNote Uzun MH, Kuyumcu MS (March 1, 2025) The Effects of AVNRT Ablation on the Conduction System. Eskisehir Medical Journal 6 1 56–60.
IEEE M. H. Uzun and M. S. Kuyumcu, “The Effects of AVNRT Ablation on the Conduction System”, Eskisehir Med J, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 56–60, 2025.
ISNAD Uzun, Mehmet Hakan - Kuyumcu, Mevlüt Serdar. “The Effects of AVNRT Ablation on the Conduction System”. Eskisehir Medical Journal 6/1 (March 2025), 56-60.
JAMA Uzun MH, Kuyumcu MS. The Effects of AVNRT Ablation on the Conduction System. Eskisehir Med J. 2025;6:56–60.
MLA Uzun, Mehmet Hakan and Mevlüt Serdar Kuyumcu. “The Effects of AVNRT Ablation on the Conduction System”. Eskisehir Medical Journal, vol. 6, no. 1, 2025, pp. 56-60.
Vancouver Uzun MH, Kuyumcu MS. The Effects of AVNRT Ablation on the Conduction System. Eskisehir Med J. 2025;6(1):56-60.