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INVESTIGATION OF FOCUSED ION BEAM IMPLANTATION PROFILE OF Ga+ IONS FOR APPLICATIONS IN SILICON PHOTONICS

Year 2018, Volume: 19 Issue: 4, 976 - 981, 31.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.18038/aubtda.471568

Abstract

Use of focused ion beam (FIB) as a nanostructuring platform for fast prototype device development in the area of photonics has been attracting a considerable interest. In this study, we report a systematic investigation of focused ion beam (FIB) induced Ga+ ion implantation in silicon on insulator (SOI) structures. The local implantation of Ga+ ions during milling was studied for a wide range of ion doses, ranging from about 1014 to 1017 ions/cm2, using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Ion implantation has been realized on identically sized areas for each dose by varying the FIB parameters such as dwell time and loop number. It was found that the most of the Ga+ is within the first 50 nm of Si. This suggests that it can be possible to potentially reduce optical losses caused by the ion implantation in any optical application. Methods such as thermal annealing and wet or dry chemical etching can result in removal of the 50 nm implanted layer of SOI, as a result removing the layer causing potentially high optical losses.

References

  • [1] A. A. Tseng, "Recent developments in nanofabrication using focused ion beams," Small 1, 924-939 (2005). [2] C. Marinelli, M. Bordovsky, L. J. Sargent, M. Gioannini, J. M. Rorison, R. V. Penty, I. H. White, P. J. Heard, M. Benyoucef, M. Kuball, G. Hasnain, T. Takeuchi, and R. P. Schneider, "Design and performance analysis of deep-etch air/nitride distributed Bragg reflector gratings for AlInGaN laser diodes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4076-4078 (2001). [3] T. Kotani, Y. Hatada, M. Funato, Y. Narukawa, T. Mukai, Y. Kawakami, and S. Fujita, "Fabrication and characterization of GaN-based distributed Bragg reflector mirrors for low lasing threshold and integrated photonics," Phys. Status Solidi C 2, 2895-2898 (2005). [4] Y. Tanaka, M. Tymczenko, T. Asano, and S. Noda, "Fabrication of two-dimensional photonic crystal slab point-defect cavity employing local three-dimensional structures," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1 45, 6096-6102 (2006). [5] S. Cabrini, L. Businaro, M. Prasciolu, A. Carpentiro, D. Gerace, M. Galli, C. Andreani, F. Riboli, L. Pavesi, and E. Di Fabrizio, "Focused ion beam fabrication of one-dimensional photonic crystals on Si3N4/SiO2 channel waveguides," J. Opt. A-Pure and Appl. Opt. 8, S550-S553 (2006). [6] V. Callegari, P. M. Nellen, J. Kaufmann, P. Strasser, and F. Robin, "Focused ion beam iodine-enhanced etching of high aspect ratio holes in InP photonic crystals," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 25, 2175-2179 (2007). [7] J. P. Reithmaier, and A. Forchel, "Focused ion-beam implantation induced thermal quantum-well intermixing for monolithic optoelectronic device integration," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. 4, 595-605 (1998). [8] J. Schrauwen, J. Van Lysebettens, T. Claes, K. De Vos, P. Bienstman, D. Van Thourhout, and R. Baets, "Focused-Ion-Beam Fabrication of Slots in Silicon Waveguides and Ring Resonators," IEEE Photonic Tech. L. 20, 2004-2006 (2008). [9] F. Ay, I. Iñurrategui, D. Geskus, S. Aravazhi, and M. Pollnau, "Integrated lasers in crystalline double tungstates with focused-ion-beam nanostructured photonic cavities," Laser Phys. Lett. 8, in print (2011). [10] M. Roussey, M. P. Bernal, N. Courjal, D. Van Labeke, F. I. Baida, and R. Salut, "Electro-optic effect exaltation on lithium niobate photonic crystals due to slow photons," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241110 (2006). [11] W. C. L. Hopman, F. Ay, W. B. Hu, V. J. Gadgil, L. Kuipers, M. Pollnau, and R. M. de Ridder, "Focused ion beam scan routine, dwell time and dose optimizations for submicrometre period planar photonic crystal components and stamps in silicon," Nanotechnology 18, 195305 (2007). [12] R. M. de Ridder, W. C. L. Hopman, and F. Ay, "Focused-ion-beam processing for photonics," ICTON 2007: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, Vol 2, 212-215 (2007). [13] J. Schrauwen, D. Van Thourhout, and R. Baets, "Iodine enhanced focused-ion-beam etching of silicon for photonic applications," J. Appl. Phys. 102, 103104 (2007). [14] C. H. Chu, Y. F. Hsieh, L. R. Harriott, and H. H. Wade, "Structural damage induced by Ga+ focused ion beam implantation in (001) Si," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 9, 3451-3455 (1991). [15] M. Tamura, S. Shukuri, M. Moniwa, and M. Default, "Focused Ion Beam Gallium Implantation into Silicon," Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. 39, 183-190 (1986). [16] S. Rubanov, and P. R. Munroe, "FIB-induced damage in silicon," J. Microsc. 214, 213-221 (2004). [17] B. M. Arora, J. M. Castillo, M. B. Kurup, and R. P. Sharma, "Thermal Annealing and Electrical Activation of High-Dose Gallium Implanted Silicon," J. Electron. Mater. 10, 845-862 (1981).
Year 2018, Volume: 19 Issue: 4, 976 - 981, 31.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.18038/aubtda.471568

Abstract

References

  • [1] A. A. Tseng, "Recent developments in nanofabrication using focused ion beams," Small 1, 924-939 (2005). [2] C. Marinelli, M. Bordovsky, L. J. Sargent, M. Gioannini, J. M. Rorison, R. V. Penty, I. H. White, P. J. Heard, M. Benyoucef, M. Kuball, G. Hasnain, T. Takeuchi, and R. P. Schneider, "Design and performance analysis of deep-etch air/nitride distributed Bragg reflector gratings for AlInGaN laser diodes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4076-4078 (2001). [3] T. Kotani, Y. Hatada, M. Funato, Y. Narukawa, T. Mukai, Y. Kawakami, and S. Fujita, "Fabrication and characterization of GaN-based distributed Bragg reflector mirrors for low lasing threshold and integrated photonics," Phys. Status Solidi C 2, 2895-2898 (2005). [4] Y. Tanaka, M. Tymczenko, T. Asano, and S. Noda, "Fabrication of two-dimensional photonic crystal slab point-defect cavity employing local three-dimensional structures," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1 45, 6096-6102 (2006). [5] S. Cabrini, L. Businaro, M. Prasciolu, A. Carpentiro, D. Gerace, M. Galli, C. Andreani, F. Riboli, L. Pavesi, and E. Di Fabrizio, "Focused ion beam fabrication of one-dimensional photonic crystals on Si3N4/SiO2 channel waveguides," J. Opt. A-Pure and Appl. Opt. 8, S550-S553 (2006). [6] V. Callegari, P. M. Nellen, J. Kaufmann, P. Strasser, and F. Robin, "Focused ion beam iodine-enhanced etching of high aspect ratio holes in InP photonic crystals," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 25, 2175-2179 (2007). [7] J. P. Reithmaier, and A. Forchel, "Focused ion-beam implantation induced thermal quantum-well intermixing for monolithic optoelectronic device integration," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. 4, 595-605 (1998). [8] J. Schrauwen, J. Van Lysebettens, T. Claes, K. De Vos, P. Bienstman, D. Van Thourhout, and R. Baets, "Focused-Ion-Beam Fabrication of Slots in Silicon Waveguides and Ring Resonators," IEEE Photonic Tech. L. 20, 2004-2006 (2008). [9] F. Ay, I. Iñurrategui, D. Geskus, S. Aravazhi, and M. Pollnau, "Integrated lasers in crystalline double tungstates with focused-ion-beam nanostructured photonic cavities," Laser Phys. Lett. 8, in print (2011). [10] M. Roussey, M. P. Bernal, N. Courjal, D. Van Labeke, F. I. Baida, and R. Salut, "Electro-optic effect exaltation on lithium niobate photonic crystals due to slow photons," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241110 (2006). [11] W. C. L. Hopman, F. Ay, W. B. Hu, V. J. Gadgil, L. Kuipers, M. Pollnau, and R. M. de Ridder, "Focused ion beam scan routine, dwell time and dose optimizations for submicrometre period planar photonic crystal components and stamps in silicon," Nanotechnology 18, 195305 (2007). [12] R. M. de Ridder, W. C. L. Hopman, and F. Ay, "Focused-ion-beam processing for photonics," ICTON 2007: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, Vol 2, 212-215 (2007). [13] J. Schrauwen, D. Van Thourhout, and R. Baets, "Iodine enhanced focused-ion-beam etching of silicon for photonic applications," J. Appl. Phys. 102, 103104 (2007). [14] C. H. Chu, Y. F. Hsieh, L. R. Harriott, and H. H. Wade, "Structural damage induced by Ga+ focused ion beam implantation in (001) Si," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 9, 3451-3455 (1991). [15] M. Tamura, S. Shukuri, M. Moniwa, and M. Default, "Focused Ion Beam Gallium Implantation into Silicon," Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. 39, 183-190 (1986). [16] S. Rubanov, and P. R. Munroe, "FIB-induced damage in silicon," J. Microsc. 214, 213-221 (2004). [17] B. M. Arora, J. M. Castillo, M. B. Kurup, and R. P. Sharma, "Thermal Annealing and Electrical Activation of High-Dose Gallium Implanted Silicon," J. Electron. Mater. 10, 845-862 (1981).
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Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Feridun Ay This is me

Publication Date December 31, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 19 Issue: 4

Cite

AMA Ay F. INVESTIGATION OF FOCUSED ION BEAM IMPLANTATION PROFILE OF Ga+ IONS FOR APPLICATIONS IN SILICON PHOTONICS. Estuscience - Se. December 2018;19(4):976-981. doi:10.18038/aubtda.471568