LIGHTWEIGHT NATURAL PUMICE COMPOSITES FOR REHABILITATION OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS AND LANDSCAPE WORKS

Year 2020, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 269 - 281, 15.06.2020

Aylin Özodabaş , Cenk Karakurt

https://doi.org/10.18038/estubtda.646812

Abstract

Historical buildings are made of
traditional materials such as mud bricks, lime mortars, stone, and wood. Mudbrick is not a durable material against water and compression effects. The aim
of this study is to increase the usage of natural pumice in both mortar and
block production to obtain efficient restoration material in this area. The
specimens obtained by using pumice, slaked lime, tile dust, gypsum and expanded
clay at certain ratios were cured in both steam and laboratory conditions. The
characterization of the raw materials and specimens were carried out by using BET,
XRD, SEM analyses. Also, the physical and mechanical properties of the mortar
and block specimens were determined with laboratory tests. The test results
showed that the highest compressive strength values were obtained from steam
cured specimens. It was observed that the water absorption values ​​of the
specimens which were steam cured slightly better than the naturally cured
specimens.

Keywords

Restoration, pumice, brick, briquette

Project Number

2017-02.BŞEÜ.03-06

References

• [1] İpekoğlu B, Böke H, Hamamcıoğlu M, Akkurt S. Tarihi yapılarda malzeme bozulmasının sınıflandırılması ve sorunların saptanmasına yönelik bir yöntem araştırılması. Tübitak Proje, 101I035, Ankara, Turkey, 2003.
• [2] Erdoğdu Ş, Nas M, Nayır S. Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Lime Mortars Containing Fly Ash and Polypropylene Fibers by Adding Cement, 6th International Symposium on Conservation and Strengthening of Historical Buildings, 2017; 247–256.
• [3] Koçak A. Linear and Non-Linear Analysis of Historical Masonry Structures Under Static and Dynamic Loads Example of Small Hagia Sophia Mosque, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, 1999.
• [4] Aslan A. Earhquake Performance Evaluation of Suleymaniye Mosque Depending on Local Soil Conditions, Yıldiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, 2016.
• [5] Borges C, Silva AS and Veiga R. Durability of ancient lime mortars in humid environment, Constr Build Mate, 2014; 66:606–620.
• [6] Mosoarca M, Keller AI, Petrus C and Racolta A. Failure analysis of historical buildings due to climate change, Eng Fail Anal, 2017; 82:666–680.
• [7] Aksah H, Nawawi A.H, Hashim A.E, Dewiyana E. Assessing Score of Applicability and Importance on Functional Performance Criteria for Historical Building, Procedia - Soc Behav Sci, 2016; 222:65–74.
• [8] Ahunbay Z, Tarihi Çevre Koruma ve Restorasyon. İstanbul: Yapı Endüstri Merkezi, 2004.
• [9] Bozkurt T.S, Sayin B, Akcay C, Yildizlar B, N. Karacay. Restoration of the historical masonry structures based on laboratory experiments, J. Build Eng, 2016; 7:343–360.
• [10] Hakan A. Determination of Safety of Historical Masonry Structures by Analytical and Experimental Methods, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, 2008.
• [11] Teomete E. Finite Element Modeling of Historical Masonry Structures; Case Study: Urla Kamanli Mosque, Izmir Technology University, Izmir, Turkey, 2004.
• [12] Özen G. Ö. Comparison of Elastic and Inelastic Behavior of Historic Masonry Structures At The Low Load Levels, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey, 2006.
• [13] Yılmaz P. Earthquake Safety Evaluation of Historical Structures, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey, 2006. [14] Şen B. Modeling and Analysis of the Historical Masonry Structures, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey, 2003.
• [15] Ercan E. Determination of Safety of Historical Masonry Structures by Analytical and Experimental Methods, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey, 2010.
• [16] Güner Y. Performance Analysis of Existing Historical Masonry Buildings, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey, 2018.
• [17] Akdeniz Ö. Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Historical Structures Historical, Firat University, Elazıg, Turkey, 2011.
• [18] Ural A. Investigating Linear and Nonlinear Behaviors of Masonry Structures, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey, 2009.
• [19] Arıcan Y. Investigation of earthquake behavior of masonry buildings, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, 2010.
• [20] Segura, J, Pelà L, Roca P. Monotonic and cyclic testing of clay brick and lime mortar masonry in compression, Constr Build Mater, 2018; 193:453–466.
• [21] Aydin T. Development of lightweight ceramic construction materials based on fly ash, J Aust Ceram Soc, 2017; 53:109–115.
• [22] Navrátilová E, Rovnaníková P. Pozzolanic properties of brick powders and their effect on the properties of modified lime mortars, Constr Build Mater, 2016; 120:530–539.
• [23] Ventol L, Vendrell M, Giraldez P, Merino L. Traditional organic additives improve lime mortars: New old materials for restoration and building natural stone fabrics, Constr Build Mater, 2011; 8:3313–3318.
• [24] Pavlik V, Uzakova M. Effect of curing conditions on the properties of lime , lime – metakaolin and lime – zeolite mortars, Constr Build Mater, 2016; 102:14–25.
• [25] Lynch G. Lime Mortars for Brickwork : Traditional Practice and Modern Misconceptions — Part One, J Archit Conserv, 2014; 4:7-20.
• [26] Ravi R, Rajesh M, Thirumalini S. Mechanical and physical properties of natural additive dispersed lime, J Build Eng, 2018; 15:70–77.
• [27] Şeker BŞ. Investigation of Behaviour of Architect Sinan’s Mosques Under Static and Dynamic Loads, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey, 2011.
• [28] Ortega EO, García RR, Serrano AG, Molina L. Evolution of mechanical properties in aerial lime mortars of traditional manufacturing , the relationship between putty and powder lime, Constr Build Mater, 2018; 191:575–589.
• [29] Falchi L, Müller U, Fontana P, Izzo FC, Zendri E. Influence and effectiveness of water-repellent admixtures on pozzolana – lime mortars for restoration application, Constr Build Mater, 2013; 49:272–280.
• [30] Rosso F, Laura A, Lucia V, Cotana F, Ferrero M. Smart cool mortar for passive cooling of historical and existing buildings: experimental analysis and dynamic simulation, Energy Procedia, 2017; 134:536–544.
• [31] Gulbe L, Vitina I, Setina J. The influence of cement on properties of lime mortars, Procedia Eng, 2017; 172:325–332.
• [32] Ersen A. Consolidation of Oolitic Limestone in Monuments, Studies in Ancient Structures Proceedings of the International Conference, Yildiz Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey, 1997; 265-274.
• [33] Torres I. New technique for treating rising damp in historical buildings: Wall base ventilation, J Cult Herit, 2018; 31:60–70.
• [34] Ergenç D, Fort R. Accelerating carbonation in lime-based mortar in high CO 2 environments, Constr Build Mater, 2018; 188:314–325.
• [35] Sala E, Zanotti C, Passoni C, Marini A. Lightweight natural lime composites for rehabilitation of Historical Heritage, Constr Build Mater, 2016; 125:81–93.
• [36] Papayanni I. Technology of Mortars and Bricks Used in Ottoman Monuments of Thessaloniki, Studies in Ancient Structures Proceedings of the International Conference, Yildiz Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey, 1997; 245-253.
• [37] Ipekoǧlu B, Böke H, Çizer Ö. Assessment of material use in relation to climate in historical buildings, Build Environ, 2007, 42:970–978.
• [38] Aydin T. Development of porous lightweight clay bricks using a replication method, J Aust Ceram Soc, 2018; 169–175.
• [39] Aygun Z, Aygun M. Spectroscopic analysis of Ahlat stone (ignimbrite) and pumice formed by volcanic activity, Spectrochim Acta - Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, 2016; 166:73–78.
• [40] Bideci A. Investigation of The Properties of Concrete Obtained with Polymer Coated Pumice Aggregates, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey, 2011.
• [41] Kus H, Özkan E, Göcer Ö, Edis. Hot box measurements of pumice aggregate concrete hollow block walls, Constr Build Mater, 2013; 38:837–845.
• [42] Gündüz L. Türkiye ve Dünyadaki Pomza Oluşumlarının Malzeme Karakteristiği Analizi, 4.Endüstriyel Hammaddeler Sempozyumu, Izmir, Turkey, 2001.
• [43] Yasar E, Atis CD, Kilic A, Gulsen H. Strength properties of lightweight concrete made with basaltic pumice and fly ash, Mater Lett, 2003; 15:2267–2270.
• [44] Binici H, Kapur S, Arocena J, Kaplan H. The sulphate resistance of cements containing red brick dust and ground basaltic pumice with sub-microscopic evidence of intra-pore gypsum and ettringite as strengtheners, Cem Concr Compos, 2012; 2:279–287.
• [45] Kabay N, Tufekci M, Kizilkanat AB, Oktay D. Properties of concrete with pumice powder and fly ash as cement replacement materials, Constr Build Mater, 2015; 85:1–8.
• [46] Cayırlı S. The Investigation and Modelling Behavour of Different Pumices in using Batch Grinding Conditions, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, 2008.
• [47] Sahin S, Orung I, Okuroglu M, Karadutlu Y. Properties of prefabricated building materials produced from ground pumice aggregate and binders, Constr Build Mater, 2008; 5:989–992.
• [48] Acun S. A Renewable Material; Adobe and Plaster, Turkey Engineering News, 2003; 71–77.
• [49] Özodabaş A. A Research on Improvement of Adobe Material Used in Safranbolu Houses by using Blast Furnace Slag, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey, 2005.
• [50] Akcay C, Bozkurt TS, Sayin B, Yildizlar B. Seismic retrofitting of the historical masonry structures using numerical approach, Constr Build Mater, 2016; 113:752–763.
• [51] TS EN 206-1, Concrete- Specification, performance, production and conformity, 2004.