Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

SYNTHESIS OF POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES BASED ON IONIC LIQUID DOPED SPEEK

Year 2023, Volume: 24 Issue: 4 - Eskişehir Technical University Journal of Science and Technology A - Applied Sciences and Engineering, 230 - 239, 27.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.18038/estubtda.1236278

Abstract

The sustainable and environmentally benign energy demand of the world has been increasing. Among the various options, proton exchange membrane fuel cell is an attractive choice for energy supply due to its high efficiency and application conditions without waste. In this research, triazole-based ionic liquid doped sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) composite membranes were presented for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) applications. Composite membranes were prepared by incorporating 1,2,3-triazole-based ionic liquids (TIL 1-2-3) into poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) matrices. The mechanical, structural, and thermal properties of both composite membranes and the triazole-based ionic liquids were thoroughly characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The performance and viability of composites for PEMFC applications that involve elevated temperatures were conducted by proton conductivity test across a broad range of temperatures (30-180 oC). High-temperature proton conductivity was measured as 1.73x10-2 S/cm for SPEEK/TIL-3(1.0). According to the proton conductivity test results, it was concluded that the composite membranes may exhibit improved performance in PEMFC applications due to increased proton conductivity values.

References

  • [1] Adabi H, Shakouri A, Hassan N Ul, Varcoe J R, Zulevi B, Serov A, Regalbuto J R, Mustain W E. High-performing commercial Fe–N–C cathode electrocatalyst for anion-exchange membrane fuel cells, Nat Energy 2021; 6: 834–843.
  • [2] Jamil A, et al. Development of an extended model for the permeation of environmentally hazardous CO2 gas across asymmetric hollow fiber composite membranes. J Hazard Mater 2021; 417: 126000.
  • [3] Zaidi J, Matsuura T. Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells. Springer 2008.
  • [4] Atanasov V, Lee A S, Park J F, Sandip M, Baca E D, Fujimoto C, Hibbs M, Matanovic I, Kerres J, Kim Y S. Synergistically integrated phosphonated poly (pentafluorostyrene) for fuel cells, Nat Mater 2021; 20: 370–377.
  • [5] Shen G, Liu J, Wu H B, Xu P, Liu F, Tongsh C, Jiao K, Li J, Liu M, Cai M, Lemmon J P, Soloveichik G, Li H, Zhu J, Lu Y. Multi-functional anodes boost the transient power and durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Nat Commun 2020; 1191.
  • [6] Ahmad H, Kamarudin S K, Hasran U A, Daud W R W. Overview of hybrid membranes for direct-methanol fuel-cell applications. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2010; 35: 2160–2175.
  • [7] Jannasch P. Recent developments in high-temperature proton conducting polymer electrolyte membranes 2003; 8 (1): 96-102.
  • [8] Yang J, Gao L, Wang J, Xu Y, Liu C, He R. Strengthening phosphoric acid oped polybenzimidazole membranes with siloxane networks for using as high temperature proton exchange membranes. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 2017; 218 (10): 1700009.
  • [9] Sergio C, Martha R, Francisco J S, Olga L T, Militza M P, Margarita C. Optofluidic compound lenses made with ionic liquid. Applications of ionic liquids in polymer science and technology 2015; 5: 662-44903-5.
  • [10] Armand M, Endres F, MacFarlane D R, Ohno H, Scrosati B., Ionic-liquidmaterials for the electrochemical challenges of the future. Nat Mater 2009; 621–629.
  • [11] Welton T. Room-temperature ionic liquids. Solvents for Synthesis and Catalysis, Chem Rev 1999; 99: 2071–2084.
  • [12] Liu Y, Guo L, Zhu L, Sun X, Chen J. Removal of Cr(III, VI) by quaternary ammonium and quaternary phosphonium ionic liquids functionalized silica materials. Chem Eng J 2010: 158: 108–114.
  • [13] Liu H, Yu H. Ionic Liquids for Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices Applications. Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019; 35 (4): 674- 686.
  • [14] Fernandes A M, Rocha M A A, Freire M G, Marrucho I M, Coutinho J A P, Santos L M N B F. Evaluation of cation−anion interaction strength in ionic liquids. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2011; 115 (14): 4033- 4041.
  • [15] Sun Y, Shi L. Basic ionic liquids with imidazole anion: New Reagents to Remove Naphthenic Acids From Crude Oil With High Total Acid Number. Fuel 2012; 99: 83-87.
  • [16] Luo J, Hu J, Saak W, Beckhaus R, Wittstock G, Vankelecom I F J, Agert C, Conrad O. Protic ionic liquid and ionic melts prepared from methanesulfonic acid and 1H-1,2,4- triazole as high temperature PEMFC electrolytes. 2011; 21 (28): 0426-10436.
  • [17] Kim K, Jung B K, Ko T, Kim T H, Lee J C. Comb-shaped polysulfones containing sulfonated polytriazole side chains for proton exchange membranes. Journal of Membrane Science 2018; 554: 232-243.
  • [18] Yılmazoğlu M, Korkmaz Ş. Development of 1,2,3-Triazole based ionic liquid doped sulfonated polysulfone (SPSU) electrolytes for anhydrous proton exchange membrane applications. El-Cezerî Journal of Science and Engineering 2022; 9(2): 584-597.
  • [19] Kantheti S, Narayan R, Raju K V S N. Development of moisture cure polyurethane–urea coatings using 1,2,3-triazole core hyperbranched polyesters. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research 2013; 10 (5): 609- 619.
  • [20] Yılmazoğlu M, Bayıroğlu F, Erdemi H, Abaci U, Guney H Y. Dielectric properties of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) electrolytes with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate salt: Ionic liquid-based conduction pathways. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2021; 611: 125825.
  • [21] Xu T, Hou W, Wu X S H, Li X, Wang J, Jiang Z. Sulfonated titania submicrospheres-doped sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) hybrid membranes with enhanced proton conductivity and reduced methanol permeability. Journal of Power Sources 2011; 196: 4934–4942.
  • [22] Qu S, Li M, Zhang C, Sun Y, Duan J, Wang W, Li J, Li X. Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) doped with ammonium ionic liquids and nano-silicon dioxide for polymer electrolyte membranes. Polymers 2019; 11 (7): 1-14.
  • [23] Shashidhara G M, Kumar K N. Proton conductivity of SPEEK membranes. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering. 2010; 49 (8): 796-80.
  • [24] Malik R S, Verma P, Choudhary V. A study of new anhydrous, conducting membranes based on composites of aprotic ionic liquid and cross-linked SPEEK for fuel cell application. Electrochimica Acta 2015; 152: 352-359.
  • [25] Yi S, Zhang F, Li W, Huang C, Zhang H, Pan M. Anhydrous elevated-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes based on ionic liquids. Journal of Membrane Science 2011; 366 (1-2); 349–355.
  • [26] Mistry M K, Subianto S, Choudhury N R, Dut N K. Interfacial interactions in aprotic ionic liquid based protonic membrane and its correlation with high temperature conductivity and thermal properties. Langmuir 2009; 25: 9240-9251.
  • [27] Wang X, Jin M, Li Y, Zhao L. The influence of various ionic liquids on the properties of SPEEK membrane doped with mesoporous silica. Electrochimica Acta 2017; 257: 290-300.
  • [28] Khan S S, Hanelt S, Liebscher J. Versatile synthesis of 1, 2, 3-triazolium-based ionic liquids. Arkivoc 2009; 12: 193-208.
  • [29] Zaidi S M J. Preparation and characterization of composite membranes using blends of SPEEK/PBI with boron phosphate. Electrochimica Acta 2005; 50 (24): 4771-4777.
  • [30] Nakabayashi K, Umeda A, Sato Y, Mori H. Synthesis of 1,2,4-triazolium salt-based polymers and block copolymers by RAFT polymerization: ion conductivity and assembled structures. Polymer 2016; 96: 81–93.
  • [31] Mondal A N, Tripathi B P, Shahi V K. Highly stable aprotic ionic-liquid doped anhydrous proton-conducting polymer electrolyte membrane for high-temperature applications. Journal of Material Chemistry 2011; 21: 4117-4124.

SYNTHESIS OF POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES BASED ON IONIC LIQUID DOPED SPEEK

Year 2023, Volume: 24 Issue: 4 - Eskişehir Technical University Journal of Science and Technology A - Applied Sciences and Engineering, 230 - 239, 27.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.18038/estubtda.1236278

Abstract

References

  • [1] Adabi H, Shakouri A, Hassan N Ul, Varcoe J R, Zulevi B, Serov A, Regalbuto J R, Mustain W E. High-performing commercial Fe–N–C cathode electrocatalyst for anion-exchange membrane fuel cells, Nat Energy 2021; 6: 834–843.
  • [2] Jamil A, et al. Development of an extended model for the permeation of environmentally hazardous CO2 gas across asymmetric hollow fiber composite membranes. J Hazard Mater 2021; 417: 126000.
  • [3] Zaidi J, Matsuura T. Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells. Springer 2008.
  • [4] Atanasov V, Lee A S, Park J F, Sandip M, Baca E D, Fujimoto C, Hibbs M, Matanovic I, Kerres J, Kim Y S. Synergistically integrated phosphonated poly (pentafluorostyrene) for fuel cells, Nat Mater 2021; 20: 370–377.
  • [5] Shen G, Liu J, Wu H B, Xu P, Liu F, Tongsh C, Jiao K, Li J, Liu M, Cai M, Lemmon J P, Soloveichik G, Li H, Zhu J, Lu Y. Multi-functional anodes boost the transient power and durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Nat Commun 2020; 1191.
  • [6] Ahmad H, Kamarudin S K, Hasran U A, Daud W R W. Overview of hybrid membranes for direct-methanol fuel-cell applications. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2010; 35: 2160–2175.
  • [7] Jannasch P. Recent developments in high-temperature proton conducting polymer electrolyte membranes 2003; 8 (1): 96-102.
  • [8] Yang J, Gao L, Wang J, Xu Y, Liu C, He R. Strengthening phosphoric acid oped polybenzimidazole membranes with siloxane networks for using as high temperature proton exchange membranes. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 2017; 218 (10): 1700009.
  • [9] Sergio C, Martha R, Francisco J S, Olga L T, Militza M P, Margarita C. Optofluidic compound lenses made with ionic liquid. Applications of ionic liquids in polymer science and technology 2015; 5: 662-44903-5.
  • [10] Armand M, Endres F, MacFarlane D R, Ohno H, Scrosati B., Ionic-liquidmaterials for the electrochemical challenges of the future. Nat Mater 2009; 621–629.
  • [11] Welton T. Room-temperature ionic liquids. Solvents for Synthesis and Catalysis, Chem Rev 1999; 99: 2071–2084.
  • [12] Liu Y, Guo L, Zhu L, Sun X, Chen J. Removal of Cr(III, VI) by quaternary ammonium and quaternary phosphonium ionic liquids functionalized silica materials. Chem Eng J 2010: 158: 108–114.
  • [13] Liu H, Yu H. Ionic Liquids for Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices Applications. Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019; 35 (4): 674- 686.
  • [14] Fernandes A M, Rocha M A A, Freire M G, Marrucho I M, Coutinho J A P, Santos L M N B F. Evaluation of cation−anion interaction strength in ionic liquids. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2011; 115 (14): 4033- 4041.
  • [15] Sun Y, Shi L. Basic ionic liquids with imidazole anion: New Reagents to Remove Naphthenic Acids From Crude Oil With High Total Acid Number. Fuel 2012; 99: 83-87.
  • [16] Luo J, Hu J, Saak W, Beckhaus R, Wittstock G, Vankelecom I F J, Agert C, Conrad O. Protic ionic liquid and ionic melts prepared from methanesulfonic acid and 1H-1,2,4- triazole as high temperature PEMFC electrolytes. 2011; 21 (28): 0426-10436.
  • [17] Kim K, Jung B K, Ko T, Kim T H, Lee J C. Comb-shaped polysulfones containing sulfonated polytriazole side chains for proton exchange membranes. Journal of Membrane Science 2018; 554: 232-243.
  • [18] Yılmazoğlu M, Korkmaz Ş. Development of 1,2,3-Triazole based ionic liquid doped sulfonated polysulfone (SPSU) electrolytes for anhydrous proton exchange membrane applications. El-Cezerî Journal of Science and Engineering 2022; 9(2): 584-597.
  • [19] Kantheti S, Narayan R, Raju K V S N. Development of moisture cure polyurethane–urea coatings using 1,2,3-triazole core hyperbranched polyesters. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research 2013; 10 (5): 609- 619.
  • [20] Yılmazoğlu M, Bayıroğlu F, Erdemi H, Abaci U, Guney H Y. Dielectric properties of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) electrolytes with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate salt: Ionic liquid-based conduction pathways. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2021; 611: 125825.
  • [21] Xu T, Hou W, Wu X S H, Li X, Wang J, Jiang Z. Sulfonated titania submicrospheres-doped sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) hybrid membranes with enhanced proton conductivity and reduced methanol permeability. Journal of Power Sources 2011; 196: 4934–4942.
  • [22] Qu S, Li M, Zhang C, Sun Y, Duan J, Wang W, Li J, Li X. Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) doped with ammonium ionic liquids and nano-silicon dioxide for polymer electrolyte membranes. Polymers 2019; 11 (7): 1-14.
  • [23] Shashidhara G M, Kumar K N. Proton conductivity of SPEEK membranes. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering. 2010; 49 (8): 796-80.
  • [24] Malik R S, Verma P, Choudhary V. A study of new anhydrous, conducting membranes based on composites of aprotic ionic liquid and cross-linked SPEEK for fuel cell application. Electrochimica Acta 2015; 152: 352-359.
  • [25] Yi S, Zhang F, Li W, Huang C, Zhang H, Pan M. Anhydrous elevated-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes based on ionic liquids. Journal of Membrane Science 2011; 366 (1-2); 349–355.
  • [26] Mistry M K, Subianto S, Choudhury N R, Dut N K. Interfacial interactions in aprotic ionic liquid based protonic membrane and its correlation with high temperature conductivity and thermal properties. Langmuir 2009; 25: 9240-9251.
  • [27] Wang X, Jin M, Li Y, Zhao L. The influence of various ionic liquids on the properties of SPEEK membrane doped with mesoporous silica. Electrochimica Acta 2017; 257: 290-300.
  • [28] Khan S S, Hanelt S, Liebscher J. Versatile synthesis of 1, 2, 3-triazolium-based ionic liquids. Arkivoc 2009; 12: 193-208.
  • [29] Zaidi S M J. Preparation and characterization of composite membranes using blends of SPEEK/PBI with boron phosphate. Electrochimica Acta 2005; 50 (24): 4771-4777.
  • [30] Nakabayashi K, Umeda A, Sato Y, Mori H. Synthesis of 1,2,4-triazolium salt-based polymers and block copolymers by RAFT polymerization: ion conductivity and assembled structures. Polymer 2016; 96: 81–93.
  • [31] Mondal A N, Tripathi B P, Shahi V K. Highly stable aprotic ionic-liquid doped anhydrous proton-conducting polymer electrolyte membrane for high-temperature applications. Journal of Material Chemistry 2011; 21: 4117-4124.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry (Other), Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Şeyda Korkmaz 0000-0002-8691-0712

Mesut Yılmazoğlu 0000-0001-9556-341X

Publication Date December 27, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 24 Issue: 4 - Eskişehir Technical University Journal of Science and Technology A - Applied Sciences and Engineering

Cite

AMA Korkmaz Ş, Yılmazoğlu M. SYNTHESIS OF POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES BASED ON IONIC LIQUID DOPED SPEEK. Estuscience - Se. December 2023;24(4):230-239. doi:10.18038/estubtda.1236278