EFFECT OF NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS ON ANTIOXIDANT AND PHENOLIC PROFILES OF TURKISH COFFEE

Gül Eda Kılınç; Yeliz Vergi

doi:10.18036/estubtdc.1785751

TR EN

EFFECT OF NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS ON ANTIOXIDANT AND PHENOLIC PROFILES OF TURKISH COFFEE

Abstract

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), developed as alternatives to traditional solvents, are attracting attention as environmentally friendly and effective solvents. This study aimed to investigate the effects of using deep eutectic solvents on antioxidant and phenolic compound levels in Turkish coffee. Turkish coffee samples were extracted using ultrasonic-assisted extraction with NADES solvents prepared from betaine, glycerin, and water. Acidic, neutral, and alkaline NADES solvents were compared. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was determined using the ABTS method, and total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The highest TAC values were found in the pure NADES (8.90 ± 0.14 mmol TE/g) and 1/10 diluted NADES (8.79 ± 0.13 mmol TE/g) groups (p<0.05). The acidic NADES (5.24 ± 0.20 mmol TE/g) group showed significantly lower antioxidant activity compared to the neutral NADES (6.28 ± 0.25 mmol TE/g) and alkaline NADES (7.02 ± 0.17 mmol TE/g) groups (p<0.05). The neutral and alkaline NADES groups exhibited similar values (p>0.05). Total phenolic compound content was highest in neutral (665.76 ± 19.46 mg/L), alkaline (654.05 ± 11.38 mg/L), and acidic NADES (652.35 ± 8.27 mg/L) groups (p>0.05). The extract obtained with distilled water had the lowest values for both parameters (TAC and TPC) (p<0.05). This study demonstrates that NADES solvents constitute an effective alternative for extracting phenolic compounds and antioxidants from foods rich in bioactive compounds, such as coffee, due to their environmentally friendly and highly efficient structures.

Keywords

NADES, Total antioxidant capacity, Total phenolic content, Turkish coffee

EFFECT OF NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS ON ANTIOXIDANT AND PHENOLIC PROFILES OF TURKISH COFFEE

Abstract

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), developed as alternatives to traditional solvents, are attracting attention as environmentally friendly and effective solvents. This study aimed to investigate the effects of using deep eutectic solvents on antioxidant and phenolic compound levels in Turkish coffee. Turkish coffee samples were extracted using ultrasonic-assisted extraction with NADES solvents prepared from betaine, glycerin, and water. Acidic, neutral, and alkaline NADES solvents were compared. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was determined using the ABTS method, and total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The highest TAC values were found in the pure NADES (8.90 ± 0.14 mmol TE/g) and 1/10 diluted NADES (8.79 ± 0.13 mmol TE/g) groups (p<0.05). The acidic NADES (5.24 ± 0.20 mmol TE/g) group showed significantly lower antioxidant activity compared to the neutral NADES (6.28 ± 0.25 mmol TE/g) and alkaline NADES (7.02 ± 0.17 mmol TE/g) groups (p<0.05). The neutral and alkaline NADES groups exhibited similar values (p>0.05). Total phenolic compound content was highest in neutral (665.76 ± 19.46 mg/L), alkaline (654.05 ± 11.38 mg/L), and acidic NADES (652.35 ± 8.27 mg/L) groups (p>0.05). The extract obtained with distilled water had the lowest values for both parameters (TAC and TPC) (p<0.05). This study demonstrates that NADES solvents constitute an effective alternative for extracting phenolic compounds and antioxidants from foods rich in bioactive compounds, such as coffee, due to their environmentally friendly and highly efficient structures.

Keywords

NADES, Total antioxidant capacity, Total phenolic content, Turkish coffee

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Ecology (Other), Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Other), Food Sciences (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Gül Eda Kılınç ^*
0000-0002-9068-3081
Türkiye

Yeliz Vergi
0000-0002-3358-3332
Türkiye

Publication Date

July 27, 2026

Submission Date

September 17, 2025

Acceptance Date

March 5, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 15 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18036/estubtdc.1785751

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA79KB49KN

APA

Kılınç, G. E., & Vergi, Y. (2026). EFFECT OF NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS ON ANTIOXIDANT AND PHENOLIC PROFILES OF TURKISH COFFEE. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji, 15(2), 83-96. https://doi.org/10.18036/estubtdc.1785751

AMA

1.Kılınç GE, Vergi Y. EFFECT OF NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS ON ANTIOXIDANT AND PHENOLIC PROFILES OF TURKISH COFFEE. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji. 2026;15(2):83-96. doi:10.18036/estubtdc.1785751

Chicago

Kılınç, Gül Eda, and Yeliz Vergi. 2026. “EFFECT OF NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS ON ANTIOXIDANT AND PHENOLIC PROFILES OF TURKISH COFFEE”. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji 15 (2): 83-96. https://doi.org/10.18036/estubtdc.1785751.

EndNote

Kılınç GE, Vergi Y (July 1, 2026) EFFECT OF NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS ON ANTIOXIDANT AND PHENOLIC PROFILES OF TURKISH COFFEE. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji 15 2 83–96.

IEEE

[1]G. E. Kılınç and Y. Vergi, “EFFECT OF NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS ON ANTIOXIDANT AND PHENOLIC PROFILES OF TURKISH COFFEE”, Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 83–96, July 2026, doi: 10.18036/estubtdc.1785751.

ISNAD

Kılınç, Gül Eda - Vergi, Yeliz. “EFFECT OF NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS ON ANTIOXIDANT AND PHENOLIC PROFILES OF TURKISH COFFEE”. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji 15/2 (July 1, 2026): 83-96. https://doi.org/10.18036/estubtdc.1785751.

JAMA

1.Kılınç GE, Vergi Y. EFFECT OF NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS ON ANTIOXIDANT AND PHENOLIC PROFILES OF TURKISH COFFEE. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji. 2026;15:83–96.

MLA

Kılınç, Gül Eda, and Yeliz Vergi. “EFFECT OF NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS ON ANTIOXIDANT AND PHENOLIC PROFILES OF TURKISH COFFEE”. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji, vol. 15, no. 2, July 2026, pp. 83-96, doi:10.18036/estubtdc.1785751.

Vancouver

1.Gül Eda Kılınç, Yeliz Vergi. EFFECT OF NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS ON ANTIOXIDANT AND PHENOLIC PROFILES OF TURKISH COFFEE. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji. 2026 Jul. 1;15(2):83-96. doi:10.18036/estubtdc.1785751

EFFECT OF NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS ON ANTIOXIDANT AND PHENOLIC PROFILES OF TURKISH COFFEE

Abstract

Keywords

EFFECT OF NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS ON ANTIOXIDANT AND PHENOLIC PROFILES OF TURKISH COFFEE

Abstract

Keywords

References

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Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

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