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EFFECT OF COMBINED IMPLEMENTATION HESPERIDIN AND VALPROIC ACID ON OXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE IN A PENTYLENETETRAZOL INDUCED EPILEPSY MODEL

Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 106 - 120, 01.01.2019

Abstract

Epilepsi dünya çapında popülasyonun yaklaşık %1’ini etkileyen psikolojik ve duygusal parametrelerde anlamlı değişiklikler ile ilişkili karmaşık nörolojik bir durumdur. Oksidatif stres pek çok nörodejeneratif bozuklukta nöronal hasarı açıklamak için kullanılan ortak bir yoldur Bir biyoflavonoid olan Hesperidin’in nöroprotektif, antiinflamatuvar, analjezik, antibakteriyel, antihiperkolesterolemik ve antikanser özelliklere sahip olduğu bildirilmiştir. Çalışmamızda Hesperidin ve antiepileptik ilaçlardan Valproik asit’in kombine uygulamasının beyin ve karaciğer doku örneklerinde oksidan-antioksidan savunma üzerine olan etkilerini araştırmayı hedefledik. Bu amaçla 48 adet 3 aylık 200-250 gram erkek Wistar-Albino türü sıçan kullanıldı. Deney hayvanları her grupta 8 adet olmak üzere 6 gruba ayrıldı: Grup 1: Kontrol, Grup 2: Pentilentetrazol (PTZ) (60 mg/kg intraperitonal (i.p)), Grup 3: Hesperidin (HES) (100 mg/kg oral gavaj), Grup 4: PTZ + HES, Grup 5: PTZ + Valproik asit (VPA) (400 mg/kg i.p), Grup 6: PTZ + VPA + HES. Kimyasal ajanlar Kontrol grubu dışındaki tüm gruplara 1-7-14-28.günlerde verildi ve deney sonunda elde edilen doku homojenatlarında Glutatyon (GSH) ve Malondialdehit (MDA) düzeyleri ile Süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) aktivitesi tayin edildi. Elde dilen sonuçlar SPSS programında Kruskal Wallis-H testi ile istatistik analize tabi tutuldu ve p≤0,05 değeri anlamlı olarak kabul edildi. Çalışmamızda PTZ verilen grupta GSH düzeyleri ile SOD aktivitesinin azaldığı, MDA düzeylerinin de istatiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde arttığı gözlendi. VPA ve HES kombine uygulamasının PTZ ile oluşturulan epilepsi modelinde beyin ve karaciğer GSH düzeylerini anlamlı düzeyde artırdığı, MDA düzeylerini ise azalttığı saptandı. Beyin doku örneklerinde HES’in gerek tek başına gerekse VPA ile birlikte verildiğinde PTZ ve PTZ+ VPA gruplarına kıyasla SOD aktivitesini anlamlı derecede artırdığı gözlendi. Karaciğer dokusunda ise Kontrol grubuna kıyasla HES’in SOD aktivitesini anlamlı derecede artırdığı, beyin ve karaciğer örneklerinde PTZ grubuna kıyasla HES grubunda da SOD aktivitesinin anlamlı derecede arttığı görülmektedir. Sonuçlarımız HES’in antiepileptik tedavi ile birlikte kullanıldığında antioksidan aktiviteyi artırabileceğini ve bazı çalışmalarda gösterilen VPA’in olası yan etkilerini azaltabileceğini göstermektedir.

References

  • [1] Chang BS, Lowenstein DH. Epilepsy. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 1257-1266.
  • [2] Ciger A. Erişkinlerde Epilepsi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Nöroloji Ders Notları. Ankara, Türkiye, 2002.
  • [3] Seino M. Classification criteria of epileptic seizures and syndromes. Epilepsy Res 2006; 70: 27-33.
  • [4] Lipson SE, Montes JA, Devinsky O. Epilepsy in the alienist and neurologist 1880-1920. Epilepsia 2002; 43: 912-919.
  • [5] Bambal G, Cakıl D, Ekici F. Models of experimental epilepsy. J Clin Exp Invest 2011; 2: 118-123.
  • [6] Karaagac N, Yeni SN, Senocak M, Bozluolcay M, Savrun FK, Ozdemir H. Prevalence of epilepsy in Silivri, a rural area of Turkey. Epilepsia 1999; 40: 637-642.
  • [7] Calisir N, Bora I, Irgil E, Boz M. Prevalence of epilepsy in Bursa city center, an urban area of Turkey. Epilepsia 2006; 47: 1691-1619.
  • [8] Zupec-Kania BA, Spellman E. An overview of the ketogenic diet for pediatric epilepsy. Nutr Clin Pract 2009; 23: 589-596.
  • [9] Cloix JF, Hévor T. Epilepsy, regulation of brain energy metabolism and neurotransmission. Curr Med Chem 2009; 16: 841-853.
  • [10] Lehnertz K, Bialonski S, Horstmann MT, et al. Synchronization phenomena in human epileptic brain networks. J Neurosci Methods 2009; 183: 42-48.
  • [11] Chapman A, Keane PE, Meldrum BS, Simiand J, Vernieres JC. Mechanism of anticonvulsant action of valproate. Prog Neurobiol 1982; 19: 315-359.
  • [12] El-Azad FM, Moustafa MY. Influence of calcium channel blockers on anticonvulsant and antinociceptive activities of valproic acid in pentylenetetrazole-kindled mice. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 64: 305-314.
  • [13] Majeda M, Margineanu DG, Gorji A, Siep E. Reduction of voltage-operated potassium currents by levetiracetam: a novel antiepileptic mechanism of action? Neuropharmacology 2003; 45: 661-671.
  • [14] Avoli M, Louvel J, Pumain R, et al. Cellular and moleculer mechanisms of epilepsy in the human brain. Prog Neurobiol 2005; 77: 166-200.
  • [15] Wendling F, Bartolemei F, Bellanger JJ, et al. Epileptic fast activity can be explained by a model of impaired GABAergic dentritic inhibition. Eur J Neurosci 2002; 15: 1499-1508.
  • [16] Wilson WA, Stasheff S, Swartzwelder S, et al. The role of NMDA receptors in in vitro epileptogenesis. Epilepsy Res Suppl 1992; 8: 157-165.
  • [17] Halliwell BSC. Lipid peroxidation: its mechanism, measurement and significance. Am J Clin Nutr 1993; 715S-725S.
  • [18] Gutteridge JM. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants as biomarkers of tissue damage. Clin Chem 1995; 41: 1819-1828.
  • [19] Cho J. Antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin. Arch Pharmacol Res 2006; 29: 699-706.
  • [20] Kumar A, Lalitha S, Mishra J. Hesperidin potentiates the neuroprotective effects of diazepam and gabapentin against pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions in mice: Possible behavioral, biochemical and mitochondrial alterations. Indian J Pharmacol 2014; 46: 309-315.
  • [21] Sudha K, Rao AV, Rao A. Oxidative stress and antioxidants in epilepsy. Clin Chem Acta 2001; 303: 19-24.
  • [22] Hwang SL, Shih PH, Yen GC. Neuroprotective effects of citrus flavonoids. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60: 877-885.
  • [23] Dimpfel W. Different anticonvulsive effects of hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin on electrical activity in the rat hippocampus in-vitro. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006; 58: 375-379.
  • [24] Cui SS, Yang CP, Bowen RC, Bai O, Li XM, Jiang W, Zhang X. Valproic acid enhances axonal regeneration and recovery of motor function after sciatic nerve axotomy in adult rats. Brain Res 2014; 975: 229-236.
  • [25] Jeavons PM. Non-dose-related side effects of valproate. Epilepsia 1984; 25: S50-55.
  • [26] Osonoe K, Mori N, Suzuli K, Osonoe M. Antiepileptic effects of inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase examined in pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in rats. Brain Res 1994; 663: 338-340. [27] Snyder-Keller A, Sam C, Kellr RW. Enhanced susceptibility to cocaine- and pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in prenatally cocaine-treated rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2000; 22: 231-236.
  • [28] Zhao D, Leung LS, Boon F, Cain DP. Persistent physiological effects caused by a single pentylentetrazol induced seizure in neonatal rats, Brain Research. Dev Brain Res 1994; 15: 190-198.
  • [29] Citraro R, Navarra M, Leo A, Donato Di Paola E, Santangelo E, Lippiello P, Aiello R, Russo E, De Sarro G. The anticonvulsant activity of a flavonoid-rich extract from orange juice involves both NMDA and GABA-Benzodiazepine receptor complexes. Molecules 2016; 21: piiiE 1261.
  • [30] Marangoz C. Deneysel epilepsi modelleri. On dokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 1997; 14: 147-186.
  • [31] Uzbay IT. Epilepsi araştırmalarında kullanılan hayvan modelleri, Türk Nöroloji Dergisi 2003; 8: 45-54.
  • [32] Morriset RA, Rezvani AH, Overstreet D, Janowsky DS, Wilson WA, Swartzwelder HS. MK-801 potently inhibits alcohol withdrawal seizures in rats, Eur J Pharmacol 1990; 176: 103-105.
  • [33] Fisher RS, van Emde Boas W, Blume W, Elger C, Genton P, Lee P, Engel J Jr. Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilpesy (IBE). Epilepsia 2005; 46: 470-472.
  • [34] Beutler E, Duron O, Kelly BM. Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione. J Lab Clin Med 1963; 61: 882-888.
  • [35] Coban J, Doğan-Ekici I, Aydın AF, Betül-Kalaz, E, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Uysal M. Blueberry treatment decreased D- galactose-induced oxidative stress and brain damage in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30: 793-802.
  • [36] Paoletti F, Mocali A. Changes in CuZn-superoxide dismutase during induced differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells. Cancer Res 1988; 48: 6674-6677.
  • [37] Akula KK, Dhir A, Kulkarni SK. Effect of various antiepileptic drugs in a pentylenetetrazol-induced seziure model in mice. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2009; 31: 423-432.
  • [38] Celikyurt IK, Mutlu O, Ulak G, Akar FY, Erden F. Gabapentin, A GABA analogue, enhances cognitive performance in mice. Neurosci Lett 2011; 492: 124-128.
  • [39] Shaaban AA, El-Agamy DS. Cytoprotective effects of diallyl trisulfide against valproate-induced hepatotoxicity: new anticonvulsant strategy. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390: 919-928.
  • [40] Gasior M, Ungard JT, Beekman M, Carter RB, Witkin JM. Acute and chronic effects of the synthetic neuroactive streoid, ganaxolone, against the convulsive and lethal effects of pentylenetetrazol in seizure-kindled mice: comparison with diazepam and valproate. Neuropharmacology 2000; 39: 1184-1196.
  • [41] Ilhan A, Gurel A, Armutcu F, Kamisli S, Iraz M. Antiepileptogenic and antioxidant effects of Nigella sativa oil against pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling in mice. Neuropharmacology 2005;49: 456-464.
  • [42] Akbas SH, Yegin A, Ozben T. Effect of pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptic seizure on the antioxidant enzyme activities, glutathione and lipid peroxidation levels in rat erythrocytes and liver tissues. Clin Biochem 2005; 38: 1009-1014.
  • [43] Erakovic V, Zupan G, Varljen J, Simonic A. Pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures and kindling: Changes in free fatty acids, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activity. Neurochem Int 2003; 42: 173-178.
  • [44] Cetinkaya Y, Sezikli H, Ekmekci D, Gul ZB, Tutkavul K, Tireli H. Epilepsi hastalarında karbamazepin veya valproik asit kullanımının kemik metabolizmasına etkisi. Epilepsi 2014; 20: 29-34.
  • [45] Balfour AJ. Valproic acid a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic; potential in indications other than epilepsy. CNS Drugs 1994; 2: 144-173.
  • [46] Nones J, E Spohr TC, Gomes FC. Hesperidin, a flavone glycoside, as mediator of neuronal survival. Neurochem Res 2011; 36: 1776-1784.
  • [47] Fernandez SP, Wasowski C, Paladini AC, Marder M. Synergistic interaction between hesperidin, a natural flavonoid, and diazepam. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 512: 189-198.
  • [48] Poorrostami A, Farokhi F, Heidari R. Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of ginger on the liver of epileptic female rats treated with lamotrigine. Avicenna J Med 2014; 4: 276-286.
Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 106 - 120, 01.01.2019

Abstract

References

  • [1] Chang BS, Lowenstein DH. Epilepsy. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 1257-1266.
  • [2] Ciger A. Erişkinlerde Epilepsi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Nöroloji Ders Notları. Ankara, Türkiye, 2002.
  • [3] Seino M. Classification criteria of epileptic seizures and syndromes. Epilepsy Res 2006; 70: 27-33.
  • [4] Lipson SE, Montes JA, Devinsky O. Epilepsy in the alienist and neurologist 1880-1920. Epilepsia 2002; 43: 912-919.
  • [5] Bambal G, Cakıl D, Ekici F. Models of experimental epilepsy. J Clin Exp Invest 2011; 2: 118-123.
  • [6] Karaagac N, Yeni SN, Senocak M, Bozluolcay M, Savrun FK, Ozdemir H. Prevalence of epilepsy in Silivri, a rural area of Turkey. Epilepsia 1999; 40: 637-642.
  • [7] Calisir N, Bora I, Irgil E, Boz M. Prevalence of epilepsy in Bursa city center, an urban area of Turkey. Epilepsia 2006; 47: 1691-1619.
  • [8] Zupec-Kania BA, Spellman E. An overview of the ketogenic diet for pediatric epilepsy. Nutr Clin Pract 2009; 23: 589-596.
  • [9] Cloix JF, Hévor T. Epilepsy, regulation of brain energy metabolism and neurotransmission. Curr Med Chem 2009; 16: 841-853.
  • [10] Lehnertz K, Bialonski S, Horstmann MT, et al. Synchronization phenomena in human epileptic brain networks. J Neurosci Methods 2009; 183: 42-48.
  • [11] Chapman A, Keane PE, Meldrum BS, Simiand J, Vernieres JC. Mechanism of anticonvulsant action of valproate. Prog Neurobiol 1982; 19: 315-359.
  • [12] El-Azad FM, Moustafa MY. Influence of calcium channel blockers on anticonvulsant and antinociceptive activities of valproic acid in pentylenetetrazole-kindled mice. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 64: 305-314.
  • [13] Majeda M, Margineanu DG, Gorji A, Siep E. Reduction of voltage-operated potassium currents by levetiracetam: a novel antiepileptic mechanism of action? Neuropharmacology 2003; 45: 661-671.
  • [14] Avoli M, Louvel J, Pumain R, et al. Cellular and moleculer mechanisms of epilepsy in the human brain. Prog Neurobiol 2005; 77: 166-200.
  • [15] Wendling F, Bartolemei F, Bellanger JJ, et al. Epileptic fast activity can be explained by a model of impaired GABAergic dentritic inhibition. Eur J Neurosci 2002; 15: 1499-1508.
  • [16] Wilson WA, Stasheff S, Swartzwelder S, et al. The role of NMDA receptors in in vitro epileptogenesis. Epilepsy Res Suppl 1992; 8: 157-165.
  • [17] Halliwell BSC. Lipid peroxidation: its mechanism, measurement and significance. Am J Clin Nutr 1993; 715S-725S.
  • [18] Gutteridge JM. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants as biomarkers of tissue damage. Clin Chem 1995; 41: 1819-1828.
  • [19] Cho J. Antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin. Arch Pharmacol Res 2006; 29: 699-706.
  • [20] Kumar A, Lalitha S, Mishra J. Hesperidin potentiates the neuroprotective effects of diazepam and gabapentin against pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions in mice: Possible behavioral, biochemical and mitochondrial alterations. Indian J Pharmacol 2014; 46: 309-315.
  • [21] Sudha K, Rao AV, Rao A. Oxidative stress and antioxidants in epilepsy. Clin Chem Acta 2001; 303: 19-24.
  • [22] Hwang SL, Shih PH, Yen GC. Neuroprotective effects of citrus flavonoids. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60: 877-885.
  • [23] Dimpfel W. Different anticonvulsive effects of hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin on electrical activity in the rat hippocampus in-vitro. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006; 58: 375-379.
  • [24] Cui SS, Yang CP, Bowen RC, Bai O, Li XM, Jiang W, Zhang X. Valproic acid enhances axonal regeneration and recovery of motor function after sciatic nerve axotomy in adult rats. Brain Res 2014; 975: 229-236.
  • [25] Jeavons PM. Non-dose-related side effects of valproate. Epilepsia 1984; 25: S50-55.
  • [26] Osonoe K, Mori N, Suzuli K, Osonoe M. Antiepileptic effects of inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase examined in pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in rats. Brain Res 1994; 663: 338-340. [27] Snyder-Keller A, Sam C, Kellr RW. Enhanced susceptibility to cocaine- and pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in prenatally cocaine-treated rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2000; 22: 231-236.
  • [28] Zhao D, Leung LS, Boon F, Cain DP. Persistent physiological effects caused by a single pentylentetrazol induced seizure in neonatal rats, Brain Research. Dev Brain Res 1994; 15: 190-198.
  • [29] Citraro R, Navarra M, Leo A, Donato Di Paola E, Santangelo E, Lippiello P, Aiello R, Russo E, De Sarro G. The anticonvulsant activity of a flavonoid-rich extract from orange juice involves both NMDA and GABA-Benzodiazepine receptor complexes. Molecules 2016; 21: piiiE 1261.
  • [30] Marangoz C. Deneysel epilepsi modelleri. On dokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 1997; 14: 147-186.
  • [31] Uzbay IT. Epilepsi araştırmalarında kullanılan hayvan modelleri, Türk Nöroloji Dergisi 2003; 8: 45-54.
  • [32] Morriset RA, Rezvani AH, Overstreet D, Janowsky DS, Wilson WA, Swartzwelder HS. MK-801 potently inhibits alcohol withdrawal seizures in rats, Eur J Pharmacol 1990; 176: 103-105.
  • [33] Fisher RS, van Emde Boas W, Blume W, Elger C, Genton P, Lee P, Engel J Jr. Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilpesy (IBE). Epilepsia 2005; 46: 470-472.
  • [34] Beutler E, Duron O, Kelly BM. Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione. J Lab Clin Med 1963; 61: 882-888.
  • [35] Coban J, Doğan-Ekici I, Aydın AF, Betül-Kalaz, E, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Uysal M. Blueberry treatment decreased D- galactose-induced oxidative stress and brain damage in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30: 793-802.
  • [36] Paoletti F, Mocali A. Changes in CuZn-superoxide dismutase during induced differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells. Cancer Res 1988; 48: 6674-6677.
  • [37] Akula KK, Dhir A, Kulkarni SK. Effect of various antiepileptic drugs in a pentylenetetrazol-induced seziure model in mice. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2009; 31: 423-432.
  • [38] Celikyurt IK, Mutlu O, Ulak G, Akar FY, Erden F. Gabapentin, A GABA analogue, enhances cognitive performance in mice. Neurosci Lett 2011; 492: 124-128.
  • [39] Shaaban AA, El-Agamy DS. Cytoprotective effects of diallyl trisulfide against valproate-induced hepatotoxicity: new anticonvulsant strategy. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390: 919-928.
  • [40] Gasior M, Ungard JT, Beekman M, Carter RB, Witkin JM. Acute and chronic effects of the synthetic neuroactive streoid, ganaxolone, against the convulsive and lethal effects of pentylenetetrazol in seizure-kindled mice: comparison with diazepam and valproate. Neuropharmacology 2000; 39: 1184-1196.
  • [41] Ilhan A, Gurel A, Armutcu F, Kamisli S, Iraz M. Antiepileptogenic and antioxidant effects of Nigella sativa oil against pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling in mice. Neuropharmacology 2005;49: 456-464.
  • [42] Akbas SH, Yegin A, Ozben T. Effect of pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptic seizure on the antioxidant enzyme activities, glutathione and lipid peroxidation levels in rat erythrocytes and liver tissues. Clin Biochem 2005; 38: 1009-1014.
  • [43] Erakovic V, Zupan G, Varljen J, Simonic A. Pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures and kindling: Changes in free fatty acids, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activity. Neurochem Int 2003; 42: 173-178.
  • [44] Cetinkaya Y, Sezikli H, Ekmekci D, Gul ZB, Tutkavul K, Tireli H. Epilepsi hastalarında karbamazepin veya valproik asit kullanımının kemik metabolizmasına etkisi. Epilepsi 2014; 20: 29-34.
  • [45] Balfour AJ. Valproic acid a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic; potential in indications other than epilepsy. CNS Drugs 1994; 2: 144-173.
  • [46] Nones J, E Spohr TC, Gomes FC. Hesperidin, a flavone glycoside, as mediator of neuronal survival. Neurochem Res 2011; 36: 1776-1784.
  • [47] Fernandez SP, Wasowski C, Paladini AC, Marder M. Synergistic interaction between hesperidin, a natural flavonoid, and diazepam. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 512: 189-198.
  • [48] Poorrostami A, Farokhi F, Heidari R. Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of ginger on the liver of epileptic female rats treated with lamotrigine. Avicenna J Med 2014; 4: 276-286.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Emel Serdaroğlu Kaşıkçı This is me

Burcu Çevreli This is me

Kaan Cengiz This is me

Uğur Coşkun This is me

Tayfun Gözler This is me

Berfin Tanhan This is me

Muhsin Konuk This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kaşıkçı, E. . S., Çevreli, B., Cengiz, K., Coşkun, U., et al. (2019). EFFECT OF COMBINED IMPLEMENTATION HESPERIDIN AND VALPROIC ACID ON OXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE IN A PENTYLENETETRAZOL INDUCED EPILEPSY MODEL. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji, 8(1), 106-120.
AMA Kaşıkçı ES, Çevreli B, Cengiz K, Coşkun U, Gözler T, Tanhan B, Konuk M. EFFECT OF COMBINED IMPLEMENTATION HESPERIDIN AND VALPROIC ACID ON OXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE IN A PENTYLENETETRAZOL INDUCED EPILEPSY MODEL. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji. January 2019;8(1):106-120.
Chicago Kaşıkçı, Emel Serdaroğlu, Burcu Çevreli, Kaan Cengiz, Uğur Coşkun, Tayfun Gözler, Berfin Tanhan, and Muhsin Konuk. “EFFECT OF COMBINED IMPLEMENTATION HESPERIDIN AND VALPROIC ACID ON OXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE IN A PENTYLENETETRAZOL INDUCED EPILEPSY MODEL”. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji 8, no. 1 (January 2019): 106-20.
EndNote Kaşıkçı ES, Çevreli B, Cengiz K, Coşkun U, Gözler T, Tanhan B, Konuk M (January 1, 2019) EFFECT OF COMBINED IMPLEMENTATION HESPERIDIN AND VALPROIC ACID ON OXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE IN A PENTYLENETETRAZOL INDUCED EPILEPSY MODEL. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji 8 1 106–120.
IEEE E. . S. Kaşıkçı, B. Çevreli, K. Cengiz, U. Coşkun, T. Gözler, B. Tanhan, and M. Konuk, “EFFECT OF COMBINED IMPLEMENTATION HESPERIDIN AND VALPROIC ACID ON OXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE IN A PENTYLENETETRAZOL INDUCED EPILEPSY MODEL”, Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 106–120, 2019.
ISNAD Kaşıkçı, Emel Serdaroğlu et al. “EFFECT OF COMBINED IMPLEMENTATION HESPERIDIN AND VALPROIC ACID ON OXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE IN A PENTYLENETETRAZOL INDUCED EPILEPSY MODEL”. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji 8/1 (January 2019), 106-120.
JAMA Kaşıkçı ES, Çevreli B, Cengiz K, Coşkun U, Gözler T, Tanhan B, Konuk M. EFFECT OF COMBINED IMPLEMENTATION HESPERIDIN AND VALPROIC ACID ON OXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE IN A PENTYLENETETRAZOL INDUCED EPILEPSY MODEL. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji. 2019;8:106–120.
MLA Kaşıkçı, Emel Serdaroğlu et al. “EFFECT OF COMBINED IMPLEMENTATION HESPERIDIN AND VALPROIC ACID ON OXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE IN A PENTYLENETETRAZOL INDUCED EPILEPSY MODEL”. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji, vol. 8, no. 1, 2019, pp. 106-20.
Vancouver Kaşıkçı ES, Çevreli B, Cengiz K, Coşkun U, Gözler T, Tanhan B, Konuk M. EFFECT OF COMBINED IMPLEMENTATION HESPERIDIN AND VALPROIC ACID ON OXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE IN A PENTYLENETETRAZOL INDUCED EPILEPSY MODEL. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji. 2019;8(1):106-20.