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FARKLI NERGİS KÜLTÜR ÇEŞİTLERİ SOĞANLARININ IN VITRO ANTİOKSİDAN, ASETİLKOLİNESTERAZ ve BÜTİRİLKOLİNESTERAZ AKTİVİTELERİ

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 90 - 101, 30.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.18036/estubtdc.574441

Abstract

Asetilkolinesteraz (AChE) ve bütirilkolinesteraz (BChE) inhibisyonu, beyinde β-amiloit birikimini azaltmak ve asetilkolin kullanımını artırmada, yani Alzheimer hastalığının (AD) tedavisinde önemli hedeflerden biridir. Oksidatif stres nedeniyle oluşan serbest radikallerin beyinde nöron ve metal akümülasyonuna verdiği hasar AD’nin patojeneziyle doğrudan ilişkilidir. Amaryllidaceae familyası üyelerinin (Galanthus, Leucojum v.b.) içerdiği galantamin, senile demansın tedavisinde kullanılan AChE inhibitörlerinden biridir. Bu çalışmada, bu familyanın üyesi nergis (Narcissus L.) kültür çeşitlerinin soğanlarına ait metanol:kloroform (1:1 (v:v)) ekstrelerinin, toplam fenolik madde ve polifenol içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca ekstrelerin in vitro antioksidan aktiviteleri, AChE ve BChEe inhibisyonları ile Alzheimer tedavisi arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Ekstrelerin toplam fenolik madde miktarları 20.78 ± 0.25 ile 57.97 ± 0.49 mg gallik asit eşdeğeri (GAE)/g ekstre olarak tespit edilmiş, toplam fenolik madde miktarı bakımından en zengin kültür çeşidinin ‘Golden Ducat’ olduğu görülmüştür. Yüksek Basınçlı Sıvı Kromatografisi-Diyod Dizisi Dedektörü (DDD) ile çeşitlere göre belirlenen fenolik asitler, ‘Golden Ducat’, gallik asit ve protokateşik asit; ‘Golden Harvest’, para-hidroksibenzoik asit; ‘Carlton’, klorojenik asit; ‘Cheerfulnes’, para-kumarik asit; ‘Einstein’, ferulik asit şeklindedir. DPPH radikal süpürücü etki açısından ‘Einstein’ kültür çeşidinin inhibisyon değeri 23.65 ± 0.73 (9.6 × 10-4 derişimde), ‘Cheerfulnes’ kültür çeşidinin inhibisyon değeri 26.69 ± 1.04 (1.8 × 10-3 derişimde) ve 28.51 ± 0.1 (3.6 × 10-3 derişimde) olarak bulunmuştur. ‘Carlton’ kültür çeşidinden elde edilen ekstre 0.2 mg/mL derişimde %14.61 ile en yüksek metal şelatlayıcı antioksidan etki göstermiştir (Etilendiamin Tetraasetik Asit (EDTA): 77.84). ‘Strong Gold’ çeşidi ekstresi 1.19 (mg/mL) %50 Etkili Derişim (EC50) değeri ile indirgeyici güç ölçümünde diğer türlere göre daha yüksek etki göstermiştir (Bütil Hidroksi Toluen (BHT)’nin %50 Etkili Derişimi (EC50): 0.21), askorbik asit EC50: 0.094). AChE’nin inhibitor etkisi, ‘Tête-à-Tête’ kültür çeşidi, 200 µg/mL derişimde %53.36 (aynı derişimde donepezil % 92.077) olarak bulunmuştur. BChE inhibitör etki tayininde ise yine ‘Tête-à-Tête’ kültür çeşidi 200 µg/mL derişimde %30.25 ve 100 µg/mL derişimde %26.8 inhibisyon göstermiştir.

Supporting Institution

Anadolu Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu

Project Number

1605S304

Thanks

Bu çalışma Anadolu Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu tarafından desteklenmiştir (Proje No: 1605S304). Çalışmanın gerçekleştirilmesinde yardımlarını esirgemeyen Prof.Dr. Yusuf ÖZKAY ve Araş.Gör. B. Nurpelin SAĞLIK’a teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Hanks GR. The biology of Narcissus, in Narcissus and Daffodil, The Genus Narcissus. Kirton, UK: Taylor and Francis, 2002.
  • Anand P, Singh B. A review on cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease. Arch Pharm Res, 2013; 36(4): 375-399.
  • Şenol FS, Yağcı Tüzün C, Toker G, Erdoğan Orhan İ. An in vitro perspective to cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activity of five Gentiana species and Gentianella caucasea. Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2012; 63(7): 802-812.
  • Mukherjee PK, Kumar V, Mal M, Houghton PJ. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from plants. Phytomed, 2007; 14: 289-300.
  • Folin O, Ciocalteu V, On tyrosine and tryptophane determinations in proteins, J Biol Chem, 1928: 73, 627–50.
  • Öztürk N, Tunçel M, Tunçel NB. Determination of Phenolic Acids by a Modified HPLC: Its Application to Various Plant Materials. J Liq Chromatogr R T, 2007; 30: 587-596.
  • Sanchez-Moreno C, Larrauri J, Saura-Calixto F, A Procedure to Measure the Antiradical Efficiency of Polyphenols. J Sci Food Agr, 1998; 76, 270-276.
  • Öztürk N, Tunçel M, Potoğlu-Erkara İ. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of some Hypericum species: A comparative study with H. perforatum. Pharm Biol, 2009; 47(2), 120-127.
  • Öztürk N, Tunçel M. Assessment of phenolic acid content and in vitro antiradical characteristics of hawthorn. J Med Food, 2011; 14(6), 664-669.
  • Orhan İ, Üstün O. Determination of total phenol content, antioxidant activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibition in selected mushrooms from Turkey. J Food Compos Anal, 2011; 24: 386-390.
  • Liu G, Garrett,M R, Men P, Zhu X, Perry G, Smith MA. Nanoparticle and other metal chelation therapeutics in Alzheimer disease. BBA-Mol Basis Dis, 2005; 1741(3): 246-252.
  • Yeh JY, Hsieh LH, Wu KT, Tsai CF, Antioxidant properties and antioxidant compounds of various extracts from the edible basidiomycete Grifola frondosa (Maitake). Molecules, 2011; 16(4), 3197-3211.
  • Çakıroğlu G. Asetilkolinesteraz İnhibitörleri Olarak Bazı Piridin Türevleri Üzerinde Sentez ve Biyoaktivite Çalışmaları. MSc, Ege University, İzmir, 2009.
  • Orhan İ, Kartal M, Naz Q, Ejaz A, Yılmaz G, Kan Y, Konuklugil B, Şener B, Choudhary MI. Antioxidant and anticholinesterase evaluation of selected Turkish Salvia species. Food Chem, 2007; 103: 1247-1254.
  • Al-Snafi AE, Constituents and pharmacology of Narcissus tazetta. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, (e)- ISSN: 2250-3013, (p)-ISSN: 2319-4219 Volume 10, 9/I, 2020; 44-53.
  • Bastida J, Llabrés JM, Viladomat F, Codina C, Rubiralta M, Feliz M, 9-O-Demethylmaritidine: A New Alkaloid from Narcissus radinganorum1, Planta Med, 1989; 524-526.
  • Berkov S, Martínez-Francés, V, Bastida, J, Codina C & Ríos S. Evolution of alkaloid biosynthesis in the genus Narcissus. Phytochem, 2014, 99, 95-106.
  • Breiterová K., Koutová D, Maříková J, Havelek R, Kuneš J, Majorošová M & Cahlíková L. Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids of Different Structural Types from Narcissus L. cv. Professor Einstein and Their Cytotoxic Activity. Plants, 2020; 9(2), 137.
  • de Andrade JP, Pigni NB, Torras-Claveria L, Berkov S, Codina C, Viladomat F, Bastida J. Bioactive alkaloid extracts from Narcissus broussonetii: Mass spectral studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2012; 70, 13-25.
  • Fu KL, Shen YH, Lu L, Li B, He YR, Li B & Zhang WD. Two unusual rearranged flavan derivatives from Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis. Helv Prod Commun 2013; 96(2), 338-344.
  • Havlasová J, Šafratová M, Siatka T, Štěpánková Š.,Novák Z, Ločárek M, ... & Cahlíková L. Chemical composition of bioactive alkaloid extracts from some Narcissus species and varieties and their biological activity. Nat Prod Commun, 2014; 9(8), 1934578X1400900823.
  • López S, Bastida J, Viladomat F, Codina C. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of some Amaryllidaceae alkaloids and Narcissus extracts. Life Sci, 2002; 71(21), 2521-2529.
  • Razik A, Adly F, Moussaid M, Berhal C, Moussaid H, Elamrani A, Lotfi M. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the extract of a Moroccan endemic Narcissus: Narcissus broussonetii. IJSRST, 2016; Vol. 2 (1), p. 6-11.
  • Benedec D, Oniga I, Hanganu D, Gheldiu AM, Pușcaș C, Silaghi-Dumitrescu R, Vlase L. Sources for developing new medicinal products: biochemical investigations on alcoholic extracts obtained from aerial parts of some Romanian Amaryllidaceae species. BMC Complement Altern Med, 2018; 18(1), 226.
  • Korcan S.E, Bulduk İ, Kahraman T, Kayhan R, Çitekçi K, Kölemek H, Öztürk M. Narcissus papyraceus Soğanlarında Toplam Fenolik Bileşikler, Toplam Antioksidan Kapasite, Toplam Flavonoid Maddelerin ve Antimikrobiyal Aktivitenin Belirlenmesi. Uşak Üniversitesi Fen ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 2018; 2(1), 10-17.
  • Cahlíková L, Benešová N, Macáková K, Kučerac R, Hrstka V, Klimeš J, Opletal L. Alkaloids from some Amaryllidaceae species and their cholinesterase activity. Nat Prod Commun, 2012; 7(5), 1934578X1200700506.
  • Cahlíková L, Ločárek M, Benešová N, Kučera R, Chlebek J, Novák Z, & Opletal L. Isolation and cholinesterase inhibitory activity of Narcissus extracts and Amaryllidaceae alkaloid. Nat Prod Commun, 2013; 8(6), 1934578X1300800625.

IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT, ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE and BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION ACTIVITIES of DIFFERENT NARCISSUS L. CULTIVAR BULBS

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 90 - 101, 30.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.18036/estubtdc.574441

Abstract

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is one of the important targets in reducing β-amyloid accumulation in the brain and increasing acetylcholine utilization in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Damage to neurons and metal accumulation in the brain by free radicals caused by oxidative stress is directly related to the pathogenesis of AD. Galantamine, which is contained by members of the Amaryllidaceae family (Galanthus, Leucojum, etc.), is one of the AChE inhibitors used in the treatment of senile dementia. In this study, the total phenolic substance and polyphenol contents of the methanol: chloroform (1:1 (v:v)) extracts of narcissus (Narcissus L.) cultivar bulbs', which the genus belongs to the mentioned family, were determined. Also, the investigation of the relationship between in vitro antioxidant activities, AChE, and BChE inhibitions of the extracts and Alzheimer's treatment was aimed. The total phenolic content of the extracts was determined between 20.78 ± 0.25 and 57.97 ± 0.49 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract, and it was observed that 'Golden Ducat' had the richest one for total phenolic contentDetermined phenolic acids by High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (DDD) for 'Golden Ducat' cultivar were gallic acid and protocatechuic acid; for 'Golden Harvest' cultivar was para-hydroxybenzoic acid; for 'Carlton' cultivar was chlorogenic acid; for 'Cheerfulnes' cultivar was para-coumaric acid and for 'Einstein' cultivar was ferulic acid. In terms of DPPH• radical scavenging activity, the inhibition value of the cultivar 'Einstein' was 23.65 ± 0.73 (at 9.6 × 10-4 concentration), the inhibition value of the cultivar 'Cheerfulnes' was 26.69 ± 1.04 (at 1.8 × 10-3 concentration) and 28.51 ± 0.1 (3.6 × 10-3 concentration). The extract obtained from the cultivar 'Carlton' showed the highest metal-chelating antioxidant activity with 14.61% at 0.2 mg/mL concentration (Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA): 77.84). The extract of 'Strong Gold' variety showed higher activity on reducing power measurement with a 50% Effective Concentration (EC50) value of 1.19 (mg/mL) compared to other species (50% Effective Concentration of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) (EC50): 0.21), ascorbic acid EC50: 0.094). The inhibitory activity of AChE was found to be 53.36% (donepezil 92.077% at the same concentration) in the cultivar 'Tête-à-Tête' at 200 µg/mL concentration. For the BChE inhibitory activity, the cultivar 'Tête-à-Tête' was showed 30.25% inhibition at 200 µg/mL and 26.8% inhibition at 100 µg/mL.

Project Number

1605S304

References

  • Hanks GR. The biology of Narcissus, in Narcissus and Daffodil, The Genus Narcissus. Kirton, UK: Taylor and Francis, 2002.
  • Anand P, Singh B. A review on cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease. Arch Pharm Res, 2013; 36(4): 375-399.
  • Şenol FS, Yağcı Tüzün C, Toker G, Erdoğan Orhan İ. An in vitro perspective to cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activity of five Gentiana species and Gentianella caucasea. Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2012; 63(7): 802-812.
  • Mukherjee PK, Kumar V, Mal M, Houghton PJ. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from plants. Phytomed, 2007; 14: 289-300.
  • Folin O, Ciocalteu V, On tyrosine and tryptophane determinations in proteins, J Biol Chem, 1928: 73, 627–50.
  • Öztürk N, Tunçel M, Tunçel NB. Determination of Phenolic Acids by a Modified HPLC: Its Application to Various Plant Materials. J Liq Chromatogr R T, 2007; 30: 587-596.
  • Sanchez-Moreno C, Larrauri J, Saura-Calixto F, A Procedure to Measure the Antiradical Efficiency of Polyphenols. J Sci Food Agr, 1998; 76, 270-276.
  • Öztürk N, Tunçel M, Potoğlu-Erkara İ. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of some Hypericum species: A comparative study with H. perforatum. Pharm Biol, 2009; 47(2), 120-127.
  • Öztürk N, Tunçel M. Assessment of phenolic acid content and in vitro antiradical characteristics of hawthorn. J Med Food, 2011; 14(6), 664-669.
  • Orhan İ, Üstün O. Determination of total phenol content, antioxidant activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibition in selected mushrooms from Turkey. J Food Compos Anal, 2011; 24: 386-390.
  • Liu G, Garrett,M R, Men P, Zhu X, Perry G, Smith MA. Nanoparticle and other metal chelation therapeutics in Alzheimer disease. BBA-Mol Basis Dis, 2005; 1741(3): 246-252.
  • Yeh JY, Hsieh LH, Wu KT, Tsai CF, Antioxidant properties and antioxidant compounds of various extracts from the edible basidiomycete Grifola frondosa (Maitake). Molecules, 2011; 16(4), 3197-3211.
  • Çakıroğlu G. Asetilkolinesteraz İnhibitörleri Olarak Bazı Piridin Türevleri Üzerinde Sentez ve Biyoaktivite Çalışmaları. MSc, Ege University, İzmir, 2009.
  • Orhan İ, Kartal M, Naz Q, Ejaz A, Yılmaz G, Kan Y, Konuklugil B, Şener B, Choudhary MI. Antioxidant and anticholinesterase evaluation of selected Turkish Salvia species. Food Chem, 2007; 103: 1247-1254.
  • Al-Snafi AE, Constituents and pharmacology of Narcissus tazetta. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, (e)- ISSN: 2250-3013, (p)-ISSN: 2319-4219 Volume 10, 9/I, 2020; 44-53.
  • Bastida J, Llabrés JM, Viladomat F, Codina C, Rubiralta M, Feliz M, 9-O-Demethylmaritidine: A New Alkaloid from Narcissus radinganorum1, Planta Med, 1989; 524-526.
  • Berkov S, Martínez-Francés, V, Bastida, J, Codina C & Ríos S. Evolution of alkaloid biosynthesis in the genus Narcissus. Phytochem, 2014, 99, 95-106.
  • Breiterová K., Koutová D, Maříková J, Havelek R, Kuneš J, Majorošová M & Cahlíková L. Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids of Different Structural Types from Narcissus L. cv. Professor Einstein and Their Cytotoxic Activity. Plants, 2020; 9(2), 137.
  • de Andrade JP, Pigni NB, Torras-Claveria L, Berkov S, Codina C, Viladomat F, Bastida J. Bioactive alkaloid extracts from Narcissus broussonetii: Mass spectral studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2012; 70, 13-25.
  • Fu KL, Shen YH, Lu L, Li B, He YR, Li B & Zhang WD. Two unusual rearranged flavan derivatives from Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis. Helv Prod Commun 2013; 96(2), 338-344.
  • Havlasová J, Šafratová M, Siatka T, Štěpánková Š.,Novák Z, Ločárek M, ... & Cahlíková L. Chemical composition of bioactive alkaloid extracts from some Narcissus species and varieties and their biological activity. Nat Prod Commun, 2014; 9(8), 1934578X1400900823.
  • López S, Bastida J, Viladomat F, Codina C. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of some Amaryllidaceae alkaloids and Narcissus extracts. Life Sci, 2002; 71(21), 2521-2529.
  • Razik A, Adly F, Moussaid M, Berhal C, Moussaid H, Elamrani A, Lotfi M. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the extract of a Moroccan endemic Narcissus: Narcissus broussonetii. IJSRST, 2016; Vol. 2 (1), p. 6-11.
  • Benedec D, Oniga I, Hanganu D, Gheldiu AM, Pușcaș C, Silaghi-Dumitrescu R, Vlase L. Sources for developing new medicinal products: biochemical investigations on alcoholic extracts obtained from aerial parts of some Romanian Amaryllidaceae species. BMC Complement Altern Med, 2018; 18(1), 226.
  • Korcan S.E, Bulduk İ, Kahraman T, Kayhan R, Çitekçi K, Kölemek H, Öztürk M. Narcissus papyraceus Soğanlarında Toplam Fenolik Bileşikler, Toplam Antioksidan Kapasite, Toplam Flavonoid Maddelerin ve Antimikrobiyal Aktivitenin Belirlenmesi. Uşak Üniversitesi Fen ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 2018; 2(1), 10-17.
  • Cahlíková L, Benešová N, Macáková K, Kučerac R, Hrstka V, Klimeš J, Opletal L. Alkaloids from some Amaryllidaceae species and their cholinesterase activity. Nat Prod Commun, 2012; 7(5), 1934578X1200700506.
  • Cahlíková L, Ločárek M, Benešová N, Kučera R, Chlebek J, Novák Z, & Opletal L. Isolation and cholinesterase inhibitory activity of Narcissus extracts and Amaryllidaceae alkaloid. Nat Prod Commun, 2013; 8(6), 1934578X1300800625.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İlham Eröz Poyraz 0000-0003-3170-8354

Hülya Tuba Kıyan 0000-0001-5304-868X

Emrah Zeybekoğlu 0000-0001-9125-5049

Mustafa Ercan Özzambak 0000-0002-3597-0539

Nilgün Öztürk 0000-0002-7503-0146

Project Number 1605S304
Publication Date July 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Eröz Poyraz, İ., Kıyan, H. T., Zeybekoğlu, E., Özzambak, M. E., et al. (2021). FARKLI NERGİS KÜLTÜR ÇEŞİTLERİ SOĞANLARININ IN VITRO ANTİOKSİDAN, ASETİLKOLİNESTERAZ ve BÜTİRİLKOLİNESTERAZ AKTİVİTELERİ. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji, 10(2), 90-101. https://doi.org/10.18036/estubtdc.574441
AMA Eröz Poyraz İ, Kıyan HT, Zeybekoğlu E, Özzambak ME, Öztürk N. FARKLI NERGİS KÜLTÜR ÇEŞİTLERİ SOĞANLARININ IN VITRO ANTİOKSİDAN, ASETİLKOLİNESTERAZ ve BÜTİRİLKOLİNESTERAZ AKTİVİTELERİ. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji. July 2021;10(2):90-101. doi:10.18036/estubtdc.574441
Chicago Eröz Poyraz, İlham, Hülya Tuba Kıyan, Emrah Zeybekoğlu, Mustafa Ercan Özzambak, and Nilgün Öztürk. “FARKLI NERGİS KÜLTÜR ÇEŞİTLERİ SOĞANLARININ IN VITRO ANTİOKSİDAN, ASETİLKOLİNESTERAZ Ve BÜTİRİLKOLİNESTERAZ AKTİVİTELERİ”. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji 10, no. 2 (July 2021): 90-101. https://doi.org/10.18036/estubtdc.574441.
EndNote Eröz Poyraz İ, Kıyan HT, Zeybekoğlu E, Özzambak ME, Öztürk N (July 1, 2021) FARKLI NERGİS KÜLTÜR ÇEŞİTLERİ SOĞANLARININ IN VITRO ANTİOKSİDAN, ASETİLKOLİNESTERAZ ve BÜTİRİLKOLİNESTERAZ AKTİVİTELERİ. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji 10 2 90–101.
IEEE İ. Eröz Poyraz, H. T. Kıyan, E. Zeybekoğlu, M. E. Özzambak, and N. Öztürk, “FARKLI NERGİS KÜLTÜR ÇEŞİTLERİ SOĞANLARININ IN VITRO ANTİOKSİDAN, ASETİLKOLİNESTERAZ ve BÜTİRİLKOLİNESTERAZ AKTİVİTELERİ”, Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 90–101, 2021, doi: 10.18036/estubtdc.574441.
ISNAD Eröz Poyraz, İlham et al. “FARKLI NERGİS KÜLTÜR ÇEŞİTLERİ SOĞANLARININ IN VITRO ANTİOKSİDAN, ASETİLKOLİNESTERAZ Ve BÜTİRİLKOLİNESTERAZ AKTİVİTELERİ”. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji 10/2 (July 2021), 90-101. https://doi.org/10.18036/estubtdc.574441.
JAMA Eröz Poyraz İ, Kıyan HT, Zeybekoğlu E, Özzambak ME, Öztürk N. FARKLI NERGİS KÜLTÜR ÇEŞİTLERİ SOĞANLARININ IN VITRO ANTİOKSİDAN, ASETİLKOLİNESTERAZ ve BÜTİRİLKOLİNESTERAZ AKTİVİTELERİ. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji. 2021;10:90–101.
MLA Eröz Poyraz, İlham et al. “FARKLI NERGİS KÜLTÜR ÇEŞİTLERİ SOĞANLARININ IN VITRO ANTİOKSİDAN, ASETİLKOLİNESTERAZ Ve BÜTİRİLKOLİNESTERAZ AKTİVİTELERİ”. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji, vol. 10, no. 2, 2021, pp. 90-101, doi:10.18036/estubtdc.574441.
Vancouver Eröz Poyraz İ, Kıyan HT, Zeybekoğlu E, Özzambak ME, Öztürk N. FARKLI NERGİS KÜLTÜR ÇEŞİTLERİ SOĞANLARININ IN VITRO ANTİOKSİDAN, ASETİLKOLİNESTERAZ ve BÜTİRİLKOLİNESTERAZ AKTİVİTELERİ. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji. 2021;10(2):90-101.