ALLEVIATING SALT STRESS IN TOMATO PLANTS THROUGH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE PRIMING: DIFFERENTIATIONS OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITIES AND GENE EXPRESSION PATTERNS
Year 2024,
Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 118 - 132, 30.07.2024
Musa Kar
Gökhan Gökpınar
Özlem Doğan
Abstract
Plants, being sessile organisms, rely on their antioxidant systems to respond to the stress factors induced by both abiotic and biotic stresses in their environment. Among abiotic stress factors, salinity and alkalinity pose the most significant challenges to plant growth. To counteract these stresses, plants activate various signalling pathways to enhance their stress tolerance. While a wide range of pesticides, including insecticides and herbicides, are employed to protect agricultural crops from biotic agents, there exists no established practice for fortifying their defence mechanisms against abiotic stresses. This study delves into the effect of H2O2 pre-treatment on mitigating salt stress in tomato seedlings. Four experimental groups were established: control, H2O2, Salt, and Salt+H2O2. The study evaluated changes in chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activities and expressions. The results revealed that priming treatment led to increased chlorophyll levels and reduced MDA accumulation compared to the group only exposed to salt stress. Additionally, the activation of stress-related enzymes was significantly higher in the priming group compared to the group only exposed to salt stress. Expression levels exhibited a statistically significant increase compared to the control group; however, CAT and APX expression levels were found to be lower than those in the the group only exposed to salt stress. These findings suggest that H2O2 priming can enhance plant stress tolerance. Priming can serve as a highly effective tool to alleviate stress in plants; however, the type, concentration, and exposure time of the priming agent are crucial factors in regulating the priming effect
Ethical Statement
Credit authorship contribution statement
Musa KAR: Experimental design, Project administration, Conducting Laboratory studies, Writing, and editing– original draft,
Gökhan GÖKPINAR: Writing – review & editing, FE-SEM, FTIR, EDX analysis
Özlem DOĞAN: Laboratory studies
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Supporting Institution
This study is supported by Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University (Grant number TEZ21F2)
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HİDROJEN PEROKSİT PRIMING YOLUYLA DOMATES BİTKİLERİNDE TUZ STRESİNİN AZALTILMASI: ANTİOKSİDAN ENZİM AKTİVİTELERİNİN VE GEN İFADESİNDE MEYDANA GELEN DEĞİŞİMLER
Year 2024,
Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 118 - 132, 30.07.2024
Musa Kar
Gökhan Gökpınar
Özlem Doğan
Abstract
Bitkiler sessil yapılarından dolayı çevrelerinde meydana gelen abiyotik ve biyotik streslerin meydana getirdiği strese faktölerina antioksidan sistemleri sayesinde cevap verir. Tuzluluk ve alkalinite bitki için oldukça önemli abiyotik stres faktörlerinin başında gelmektedir. Bitkiler bu streslere karşı toleransını artırmak için çeşitli sinyal yollarını aktive ederek streslere cevap vermeye çalışır. Tarım arazilerinde ekimi yapılan bitkileri biyotik ajanlardan koruyabilmek için pestisidler, herbisitler gibi çok çeşitli zirai ilaç kullanılmaktadır. Buna karşın, abiyotik streslere karşı savunma mekanizmasını güçlendirilecek bilinen yaygın bir uygulama yoktur. Bu çalışmada H2O2 ön uygulamasının Domates fidelerinde tuz stresini hafifletme etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda 4 farklı deney grubu oluşturulmuş (kontol, H2O2, Tuz, Tuz+H2O2) ve klorofil miktarı, MDA akümüslasyonu SOD, CAT, APX enzim aktivitelerinde ve ekspresyonunda meydana gelen değişimler incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda priming uygulamasından sonra yalnız tuz stresi uygulanan gruba göre klorofil miktarında artış MDA birikiminde azalma meydana gelmiştir. Ayrıca, stres alakalı enzimlerin aktivasyonu yalnızca tuz stresi uygulanan gruptan anlamlı düzeyde yüksek çıkmıştır. Ekspresyon seviyeleri kontrole göre istatiksel olarak önemli düzeyde artış göstermiş, ancak CAT ve APX ekspresyon seviyeleri yalnızca tuz stresi uygulanan gruptan düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak H2O2 priming uygulaması bitkinin stres toleransının artırılmasına yardımcı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Priming yöntemi bitkiler için stres etkisini hafifletmede oldukça fonksiyonel bir araç olarak kullanılabilir ancak priming ajanının çeşidi, konsantrasyonu ve maruziyet süresi primingin etkisinin düzenlenmesi için oldukça önemli unsur olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
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- [29] Zulfiqar F, Nafees M, Chen J, Darras A, Ferrante A, Hancock JT, Ashraf M, Zaid A, Latif N, Corpas FJ, Altaf MA, Siddique KHM. Chemical priming enhances plant tolerance to salt stress. Front. Plant Sci. 2022; 13: 1–22.
- [30] Cuypers A, Hendrix S, Amaral dos Reis R, De Smet S, Deckers J, Gielen H, Jozefczak M, Loix C, Vercampt H, Vangronsveld J, Keunen E. Hydrogen Peroxide, Signaling in Disguise during Metal Phytotoxicity. Front. Plant Sci. 2016; 25;7:470
- [31] Nazir F, Fariduddin Q, Khan TA. Hydrogen peroxide as a signalling molecule in plants and its crosstalk with other plant growth regulators under heavy metal stress. Chemosphere 2020; 252: 126486.
- [32] Gomez JM, Jimenez A, Olmos E, Sevilla F. Location and effects of long-term NaCl stress on superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes of pea (Pisum sativum cv Puget) chloroplasts. J. Exp. Bot. 2004; 55: 119–130.
- [33] Gao Y, Guo Y-K, Lin S-H, Fang Y-Y, Bai J-G. Hydrogen peroxide pretreatment alters the activity of antioxidant enzymes and protects chloroplast ultrastructure in heat-stressed cucumber leaves. Sci. Hortic. (Amsterdam). 2010; 126: 20–26.
- [34] Wang G, Xiao Y, Deng X, Zhang H, Li T, Chen H. Exogenous Hydrogen Peroxide Contributes to Heme Oxygenase-1 Delaying Programmed Cell Death in Isolated Aleurone Layers of Rice Subjected to Drought Stress in a cGMP-Dependent Manner. Front. Plant Sci. 2018; 9: 84.
- [35] Afrin S, TahjibArif M, Sakil M, Sohag A, Polash M, Hossain M. Hydrogen peroxide priming alleviates chilling stress in rice (Oryza sativa L) by enhancing oxidant scavenging capacity. Fundam. Appl. Agric. 2018; 4: 1.
- [36] Ma N, Hu C, Wan L, Hu Q, Xiong J, Zhang C, Strigolactones improve plant growth, photosynthesis, and alleviate oxidative stress under salinity in rapeseed (Brassica napus L) by regulating gene expression. Front. Plant Sci. 2017; 8:
- [37] Zhao P, Wang Y, Lin Z, Zhou J, Chai H, He Q, Li Y, Wang J, The alleviative effect of exogenous phytohormones on the growth, physiology and gene expression of Tetraselmis cordiformis under high ammonia-nitrogen stress. Bioresour. Technol. 2019; 282: 339–347.
- [38] Si T, Wang X, Zhao C, Huang M, Cai J, Zhou Q, Dai T, Jiang D, The role of hydrogen peroxide in mediating the mechanical wounding-induced freezing tolerance in wheat. Front. Plant Sci. 2018; 9: 1–15.
- [39] Rossatto T, do Amaral MN, Benitez LC, Vighi IL, Braga EJB, de Magalhaes Junior AM, Maia MAC, da Silva Pinto L, Gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes in rice plants, cv BRS AG, under saline stress. Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants 2017; 23: 865–875.
- [40] Bagheri M, Gholami M, Baninasab B, Hydrogen peroxide-induced salt tolerance in relation to antioxidant systems in pistachio seedlings. Sci. Hortic. (Amsterdam). 2019; 243: 207–213.