TOPLUM BAĞIŞIKLIĞI VE HALKA BAĞIŞIKLAMA

Year 2023, , 97 - 104, 17.01.2023

Kübra Doğanay Bulduk , Gülsen Güneş

https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.1082185

Abstract

Bağışıklama hizmetleri, insanların hastalıklardan korunmasında ve ölümlerin önüne geçmede son derece önemli halk
sağlığı müdahalelerinden biridir. Günümüzde 20’den fazla hastalığa karşı aşı geliştirilmiş olmakla birlikte pek çok
kişinin aşılara erişimi yetersizdir. Bununla birlikte sadece bazı kişilerin değil, toplumun tamamının aşılanması tercih
edilmektedir. Bu kapsamda toplum bağışıklığından bahsedilmektedir. Toplum bağışıklığı, aşı veya hastalığı geçirme
sonucu o hastalığa karşı bağışıklık kazananlar sayesinde diğer kişiler için hastalık bulaşmasına neden olacak
karşılaşma riskini azaltır. Bu sayede salgınların önlenmesi ve olası bir salgında da morbidite ve mortalitenin
sınırlanması sağlanır. Toplum bağışıklığından bahsedebilmek için her hastalık için değişen değerlerde, toplumun belli
bir oranda bağışık olması gerekmektedir. Bu; bazen ekonomik, lojistik vb. etkenler sebebiyle mümkün olamadığında
halka bağışıklama (ring vaccination) gibi başka bağışıklama stratejilerinin düşünülmesi söz konusu olabilmektedir.
Halka bağışıklığı, enfekte vaka etrafındaki bir "halka" içindeki herkesin aşılanması ile vaka etrafında bir bağışıklık
tamponu oluşturmayı amaçlamaktadır. Toplum bağışıklığını tamamlayıcı olarak kullanılabileceği gibi yetersiz kaynak
olan toplumlarda toplum bağışıklığı sağlanamıyorsa ve sporadik olarak görülen hastalıklarda tek bağışıklama stratejisi
olarak da tercih edilebilmektedir. Bu yaklaşım, COVID-19 salgınında belli durumlarda da uygulanabilirliği açısından
değerlendirme aşamasındadır.

Keywords

Aşı, Toplum Bağışıklığı, Halka Bağışıklama, COVID-19

Thanks

Yazının Hazırlanmasında Emeği Geçen: Prof. Dr. Meltem ÇÖL Ankara Üniversitesi Halk Sağlığı Anabilim Dalı

HERD IMMUNITY AND RING VACCINATION

Abstract

Immunization services are one of the most important public health interventions to protect people from diseases and
prevent deaths. Although vaccines have been developed against more than 20 diseases today, many people have
insufficient access to vaccines. However, it is preferable to vaccinate not only some people but also the entire society.
In this context, herd immunity is mentioned. Herd immunity reduces the risk of encounters that will cause disease
transmission to other people, thanks to those who have become immune to that disease as a result of vaccination or
exposure to the disease. In this way, it is ensured that epidemics are prevented and morbidity and mortality are limited
in a possible epidemic. In order to talk about herd immunity, society should be immune to a certain extent, with varying
values for each disease. This; is sometimes economic, logistics etc. when this is not possible due to various factors,
other immunization strategies such as ring vaccination may be considered. Ring vaccination aims to create an immune
buffer around the case by vaccinating everyone in a "ring" around the infected case. It can be used as a complement to
herd immunity or be preferred as the only immunization strategy in societies with insufficient resources if herd immunity
cannot be provided and in sporadic diseases. This approach is under evaluation in terms of its applicability in certain
situations in the COVID-19 outbreak.

Keywords

Vaccine, Herd İmmunity, Ring Vaccination, COVID-19

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