BİRİNCİ BASAMAK SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE UYKU BOZUKLUKLARI TARAMASI VE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Year 2019, , 232 - 243, 14.05.2019

Alican Sarısaltık , Ahmet Topuzoğlu

https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.526007

Abstract

Uyku; sağlığın korunması, iyi bir yaşam kalitesi ve
gün boyunca iyi bir performans için önemli olan temel bir ihtiyaçtır. Uyku
bozuklukları, başta uykusuzluk bozuklukları ve obstrüktif uyku apnesi olmak
üzere, toplumda yaygın olarak görülürler. Kronik uyku bozukluklarının uzun
dönem kümülatif etkileri; mental problemler, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar,
diyabet, obezite ve depresyon gibi pek çok olumsuz sağlık sonucu ile
ilişkilidir. Uyku problemleri; yol açtığı bu sonuçlar nedeniyle, koruyucu
hekimlik açısından ciddiye alınmalıdır. Bununla birlikte; prevalansının
yüksekliğine ve ciddi sağlık sonuçları olmasına rağmen, toplumda uyku bozukluğu
olan bireylerin yalnızca %20’si doğru tanı ve tedavi alabilmektedir. Bu
sebeple, uyku problemlerinin sonuçları; mortalite ve morbidite hızları,
kazalar, yaralanmalar ve sağlık hizmetlerinin kullanımı gibi birçok halk
sağlığı göstergesini etkiler. Epidemiyolojik çalışmalar, uyku sorunlarının
tanınması ve danışmanlık hizmeti verilmesinin önündeki engeller arasında; zaman
yetersizliği, uyku sorunlarının hastalar tarafından hekimlerine daha az
bildirilmesi, uyku bozukluklarının ciddi olmadığına dair yanlış kanılar ve
hekimlerdeki farkındalık ve bilgi eksiklikleri olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu
derlemede; toplumda yaygın görülen uyku bozukluklarının değerlendirilmesi için,
birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde kullanılabilecek tarama araçları
sunulmuştur. 

Keywords

Uyku bozuklukları, tarama, birinci basamak sağlık hizmetleri, uykusuzluk, uyku apnesi

SCREENING and ASSESSMENT for SLEEP DISORDERS in PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

Abstract

Sleep is a basic human need
and is important for health, good quality of life and performing well during
the day. Sleep disorders, especially insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea, are common in the community. The cumulative long-term effects of these
disorders are associated with a wide range of adverse health consequences
including mental problems, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity and
depression. Sleep problems should be taken seriously in terms of preventive
medicine due to these consequences. However, despite their high frequency and
significant outcomes, less than 20% of individuals with sleep disorders are
correctly diagnosed and treated. Therefore, consequences of sleep conditions
affect many important indicators of public health such as mortality and morbidity
rates, accidents, injuries, and health care utilization. Epidemiologic studies
suggest that barriers to screening and counselling for sleep disorders include;
limited time, low reporting of sleep problems by patients, misconceptions about
the seriousness of sleep disorders, lack of awareness among physicians, and
insufficient physician knowledge. In this review; assessment tools that can be
used in primary health care for screening for common sleep problems are
presented.

Keywords

Sleep disorders, screening, primary health care, insomnia, sleep apnea

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