THE EFFECT OF NUTRITION AND EXERCISE EDUCATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATTITUDE AND BELIEF OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS TOWARDS OBESITY: CASE OF ELAZIĞ PROVINCE

Year 2021, , 138 - 147, 30.05.2021

Evrim Çelebi , Bircan Ulaş Kadıoğlu , Fatoş Uncu

https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.877044

Abstract

In order to determine the effect of nutrition and exercise education on the development of students' attitudes and beliefs towards obesity, this study was conducted with a control group quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design. The research was conducted in the fall semester of the 2019-2020 academic year between October November 2019. The study group consisted of 50 female students, 25 experimental (overweight or obese), and 25 control groups (normal weight), studying at Fırat University Faculty of Health Sciences. In order to collect pretest data, a personal information form and Health Belief Model Scale in Obesity (HBMSO) were applied to the students in the experimental and control groups. Later, the students in the experimental group were taken to a 6-week program with 2 hours of healthy nutrition and exercise education per week. HBMSO, which was applied to the students in the experimental and control groups at the beginning of the study, was repeated at the end of the education, thus the posttest data were collected. When the before and after education HBMSO sub-dimension scores of the experimental and control groups were compared; The difference in the attitude to importance of health, perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived usefulness, and perceived disability dimensions in the experimental group was found to be significant (p<0.001). HBMSO subscale scores of the control group did not show any difference (p>0.05). As a result, after nutrition and exercise education given to obese students, a positive change was achieved in students' beliefs about obesity.

Keywords

Obesity, health belief model, university students

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

-

Thanks

The authors thank all students who participated in the research.

ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN ŞİŞMANLIĞA YÖNELİK TUTUM VE İNANÇLARIN GELİŞTİRİLMESİNDE BESLENME VE EGZERSİZ EĞİTİMİNİN ETKİSİ: ELAZIĞ İL ÖRNEĞİ

Abstract

Bu araştırma beslenme ve egzersiz eğitiminin öğrencilerin şişmanlığa yönelik tutum ve inançlarının geliştirilmesine olan etkisini belirlemek amacıyla, ön test-son test, kontrol gruplu ve yarı deneysel olarak yapılmıştır. Araştırma 2019-2020 eğitim öğretim dönemi güz yarıyılında Ekim-Kasım 2019 tarihleri arasında yapılmıştır. Çalışma grubunu Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi’nde okuyan, 25 müdahale (kilolu veya şişman) ve 25 kontrol grubu (normal kilolu) olmak üzere toplam 50 kız öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Ön-test verilerinin toplanmasında müdahale ve kontrol grubundaki öğrencilere kişisel bilgi formu ve Obesite Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeği (OSİMÖ) uygulanmıştır. Daha sonra müdahale grubundaki öğrenciler 6 hafta süreli ve haftada 2 saatlik sağlıklı beslenme ve egzersiz eğitim programına alınmıştır. Müdahale ve kontrol grubundaki öğrencilere çalışmanın başlangıcında uygulanan OSİMÖ, eğitim sonunda tekrarlanarak son test verileri toplanmıştır. Müdahale ve kontrol gruplarının OSİMÖ alt boyut puanlarının eğitim öncesi ve eğitim sonrası karşılaştırılması yapıldığında; müdahale grubunun sağlığın önemi, algılanan duyarlılık, algılanan ciddiyet, algılanan yarar ve algılanan engel boyutlarında farkın anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,001). Kontrol grubunun OSİMÖ alt boyut puanları farklılık göstermemiştir (p>0,05). Sonuç olarak şişman öğrencilere verilen beslenme ve egzersiz eğitimi sonrasında öğrencilerin şişmanlığa yönelik inançlarında olumlu yönde değişim sağlanmıştır. Şişman ve şişmanlık riski bulunan kişilere sağlık inanç modeli temelli danışmanlık hizmetlerinin sunulması ve şişmanlığa yönelik tutum ve inançları değerlendiren başka çalışmaların yapılması önerilebilir.

Keywords

Obezite, sağlık inanç modeli, üniversite öğrencileri

Project Number

-

References

• 1. World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. [cited 2021 Jan 14] Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
• 2. Ayed HB, Yaich S, Hmida MB, Trigui M, Jemaa MB, Jedidi J. et al. Prevalence, determinants and outcomes of general and abdominal obesity in medical students. Obesity Medicine. 2019;13:39-44.
• 3. Vafainajar A, Vahedian SM, Tehrani H, Dogonchi M, Lael ME. The effectiveness of physical activity training on depersonalization and lack of accomplishment of employees. Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion. 2015;3(2): 116-24.
• 4. Gormley N, Melby V. Nursing students' attitudes towards obese people, knowledge of obesity risk, and self-disclosure of own health behaviours: An exploratory survey. Nurse Education Today. 2020;84:104232.
• 5. Kayode OO, Alabi QK. Food consumption patterns, physical activity and overweight and obesity among undergraduates of a private university in Nigeria. Clinical Nutrition Experimental. 2020;31:28-34.
• 6. TÜİK 2019. Türkiye Sağlık Araştırması 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 14] Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Turkiye-Saglik-Arastirmasi-2019-33661
• 7. Champion VL, Skinner CS. The health belief model. Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice. 4th edition, Published by Jossey-Bass. 2008:45-65.
• 8. Dedeli O, Fadıloglu C. Development and evaluation of the health belief model scale in obesity. TAF Prev Med Bull. 2011;10(5):533-42.
• 9. Gözüm S, Çapık C. Sağlık davranışlarının geliştirilmesinde bir rehber: sağlık inanç modeli. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2014;7(3):230-7.
• 10. Wengreen HJ, Moncur C. Change in diet, physical activity, and body weight among young- adults during the transition from high school to college. Nutr J. 2009;8:32.
• 11. Iparraguirre RMP, Porras MM, De La Cruz AH, Bonilla MLD. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Young Peruvian students at National University of Center of Peru-Region Junin-Huancayo. Obesity Medicine. 2020;19:100242.
• 12. Yaralı S, Hacıalioğlu N. Obezite Yönetiminde Sağlık İnanç Modelini Kullanma ve Hemşirenin Rolü. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020; 9(4):407 -15.
• 13. Abood DA, Black DR, Feral D. Nutrition education worksite intervention for university staff: application of the health belief model. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 2003;35(5):260-7.
• 14. Bhurosy T, Jeewon R. Effectiveness of a theory-driven nutritional education program in improving calcium intake among older Mauritian adults. The Scientific World Journal. 2013:1-16.
• 15. Diddana TZ, Kelkay GN, Dola AN, Sadore AA. Effect of nutrition education based on health belief model on nutritional knowledge and dietary practice of pregnant women in Dessie Town, Northeast Ethiopia: A cluster randomized control trial. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2018:1-10.
• 16. Hamuleh MM, Vahed SA, Piri A. Effects of education based on health belief model on dietary adherence in diabetic patients. Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders. 2010;9:1-6.
• 17. Iranagh JA, Motalebi SA, Mohammadi F. A Theoretically based behavioral nutrition intervention for elderly women: a cluster randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Gerontology. 2018;12(2):127-32.
• 18. Katsagoni CN, Apostolou A, Georgoulis M, Psarra G, Bathrellou E, Filippou C. et al. School teachers’ nutrition knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes before and after an e-learning program. Journal of Nutrition References. Education and Behavior. 2019;51(9):1088-98.
• 19. McArthur LH, Riggs A, Uribe F, Spaulding TJ. Health belief model offers opportunities for designing weight management interventions for college students. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 2018;50(5):485-93.
• 20. Nourian M, Askari G, Golshiri P, Miraghajani M, Shokri S, Arab A. Effect of lifestyle modification education based on health belief model in overweight/obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A parallel randomized controlled clinical trial. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. 2020;38:236-41.
• 21. Shahnazi H, Abdolalian N, Kazemi A, Hassanzadeh A. Designing an educational intervention to prevent excessive gestational weight gain: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Reproductive Health. 2019;16(1):1-5.
• 22. Sharifirad GR, Tol A, Mohebi S, Matlabi M, Shahnazi H, Shahsiah M. The effectiveness of nutrition education program based on health belief model compared with traditional training. Journal of Education and Health Promotion. 2013;2:15.
• 23. Öz F. Sağlık alanında temel kavramlar. Ankara, İmaj İç ve Dış Tic. A.Ş. 2004.
• 24. Alizadeh Siuki H, Jadgal K, Shamaeian Razavi N, Zareban I, Heshmati H, Saghi N. Effects of health education based on health belief model on nutrition behaviors of primary school students in Torbat e Heydariyeh city in 2012. Journal of Health. 2015;5(4):289-99.
• 25. Yaralı S. Obez kadınlara sağlık inanç modeline göre verilen eğitimin kadınların obeziteye yönelik inançlarına ve obezite yönetimine etkisi. [Tez]. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2018.
• 26. Naghashpour M, Shakerinejad G, Lourizadeh MR, Hajinajaf S, Jarvandi F. Nutrition education based on health belief model improves dietary calcium intake among female students of junior high schools. Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition. 2014;32(3):420.
• 27. Hayden J. Health belief model. Introduction to health behavior theory. Canada. Jones and Barlett Publishers. 2009.
• 28. Yetnayet M, Henry CJ, Berhanu G, Whiting SJ, Regassa N. Nutrition education promoted consumption of pulse based foods among rural women of reproductive age in Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia, African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development. 2017;17(3):12377-95.
• 29. Tavakoli HR, Dini-Talatappeh H, Rahmati-Najarkolaei F, Fesharaki MG. Efficacy of HBM-based dietary education intervention on knowledge, attitude, and behavior in medical students. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 2016:18(11):e23584.
• 30. Shahroodi M, Tehrani H, Robat-Sarpooshi D, GHolian-Aval M, Jafari A, Alizadeh-Siuki H. The impact of health education on nutritional behaviors in female students: An application of health belief model. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education. 2019:1-13.
• 31. Tavassoli E, Reisi M, Javadzade H, Mazaheri M, Ghasemi S, Shakoori S. The effect of the health belief model-based education and improvement of consumption of fruits and vegetables: An interventional study. Journal of Health in the Field. 2017;1(2):5-12.