Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Potential Biomass Energy Generation from Agricultural Production in South Sudan

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 142 - 148
https://doi.org/10.55257/ethabd.1532791

Abstract

The aim of this study is to assess the capacity of agricultural residues in South Sudan in terms of their types and quantities. The country had limited access to modern energy sources, and most of the population relied on traditional biomass for cooking and heating. However, efforts were being made to explore and develop alternative and sustainable energy sources, including biomass energy. Biomass energy involves the use of organic materials, such as wood, crop residues, and animal waste, to generate heat or electricity. In the context of South Sudan, biomass energy could play a crucial role in meeting the energy needs of the population, especially in rural areas. The quantities of crops cultivated in South Sudan, measured in tons of dry matter per year, were determined through calculations based on production data from the Food and Agriculture Organization Statistical Databases of the United Nations (FAOSTAT) for the 2021 seasonal year. The annual gross potential of agricultural residues was calculated by employing a residue to product ratio. The energy potential of crop residues was computed by multiplying the calorific values of agricultural residues with the available amount of residue. The total energy potential of agricultural residues during the 2021 production period in South Sudan amounted to approximately 112.7 TJ. The total amount of unused agricultural crop residues was estimated to be approximately 8.6 kilo tons (Kt). The proportion of overall residue quantity comprises major crops such as sorghum (78.71%), maize (11.06%), rice (5.66%), and millet (4.36%).

References

  • Abdalla, M., and Qarmout, T., 2023. An analysis of Sudan ’ s energy sector and its renewable energy potential in a comparative African perspective. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 80(4), 1169–1187. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2023.2177417
  • Ahmed, E. E. E., Demirci, A., and Tercan, S. M., 2023. Optimal sizing and techno-enviro-economic feasibility assessment of solar tracker-based hybrid energy systems for rural electrification in Sudan. Renewable Energy, 205(September 2022), 1057–1070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.02.022
  • Aktaş, T., 2022. Tarım Makinaları Bilimi Dergisi Türkiye ’ de İmal Edilen Odun Pelet Örneklerinin Kalite Özelliklerinin ve Standartlara Uygunluğunun Belirlenmesi Determination of Quality Characteristics and Compliance with Standards of Wood Pellet Samples Produced in Turk. 8(1), 25–40.
  • Ali, B., and Gamil, A., 2023. Scenario-Based Optimization towards Sustainable Power Generation in Sudan. Sustainability, 15(20), 14954. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152014954
  • Asad, S. Q., Adam, J. A., and Lona, A. T., 2018. Farmers perceptions, practices and proposals for improving agricultural productivity in South Sudan. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 13(44), 2542–2550. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajar2018.13525
  • Ayik, A., Ijumba, N., Kabiri, C., and Goffin, P., 2021. Preliminary wind resource assessment in South Sudan using reanalysis data and statistical methods. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 138(December 2020), 110621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110621
  • Ayik, Aban, Ijumba, N., Kabiri, C., and Goffin, P., 2020. Selection of Off-Grid Renewable Energy Systems Using Analytic Hierarchy Process: Case of South Sudan. 2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica, PowerAfrica 2020, 2–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219858
  • Bilali, B., 2020. Energy Security in South Sudan: Potentials and Challenges. Turkish Journal of Political Science, 3(1), 1–16.
  • Demirel, B., Alp, G., Gürdil, K., Gadalla, O., Üniversitesi, E., Fakültesi, Z., Bölümü, B. M., Kayseri, T. /, Ondokuz, T., Üniversitesi, M., Makinaları, T., Bölümü, T., & Bilgisi, Y. 2019. Biomass energy potential from agricultural production in sudan. Erciyes Tarım ve Hayvan Bilimleri Dergisi ETHABD, 2(2), 35–38.
  • Gani, R., Devi, S., Goundar, S., Reddy, E., Saber, F., Cheng, Y.-L., Lee, C.-Y., Huang, Y.-L., Buckner, C. A., Lafrenie, R. M., Dénommée, J. A., Caswell, J. M., Want, D. A., Gan, G. G., Leong, Y. C., Bee, P. C., Chin, E., Teh, A. K. H., Picco, S., Mathijssen, R. H. J., 2016. We are IntechOpen , the world ’ s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists , for scientists TOP 1 %. Intech, 11(tourism), 13. https://www.intechopen.com/books/advanced-biometric-technologies/liveness-detection-in-biometrics
  • Gudo, A. J. A., Deng, J., Belete, M., and Abubakar, G. A., 2020. Estimation of small onshore wind power development for poverty reduction in Jubek state, South Sudan, Africa. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041483
  • Karaca, C., 2017. Determining and mapping agricultural biomass energy potential in Samsun Province of Turkey. ICOEST 3rd International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, October, 190–194. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322118421_Determining_and_mapping_agricultural_biomass_energy_potential_in_Samsun_Province_of_Turkey
  • Karaca, C., 2015a. Mapping of energy potential through annual crop residues in. 8(2), 104–109. https://doi.org/10.3965/j.ijabe.20150802.1587
  • Karaca, C., 2015b. Mapping of energy potential through annual crop residues in Turkey. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 8(2), 104–109. https://doi.org/10.3965/j.ijabe.20150802.1587
  • Karaca, C., Kağan Gürdil, G. A., and Ozturk, H. H., 2017. The Biomass Energy Potential from Agricultural Production in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. ICOEST 3rd International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, October. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322118189_The_Biomass_Energy_Potential_from_Agricultural_Production_in_the_Black_Sea_Region_of_Turkey
  • Kose, M., and Kongas, K., 2023. The Challenges and Prospects of South Sudan Agriculture. 2, 101–108.
  • Ladu, N. S. D., Samikannu, R., Gebreslassie, K. G., Sankoh, M., Hakim, L. E. R., Badawi, A., and Latio, T. P. B., 2022. Feasibility study of a standalone hybrid energy system to supply electricity to a rural community in South Sudan. Scientific African, 16, e01157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01157
  • Osman, I. M., Acar, R., Suleiman, E., Babiker, N., and Direk, M., 2023. Agricultural Production Systems in Sudan. 3(1). Report, S., 2018. Transitioning to Renewable Energy : An Analysis of Energy Situation Special Report || Special Report ||. 1–29.
  • Santino, N., Ladu, D., and Samikannu, R., 2021. A Review of Renewable Energy Resources . Its Potentials , Benefits , and Challenges in South Sudan. 2021 International Conference on Advancements in Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Computing and Automation (ICAECA), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAECA52838.2021.9675574
  • Thiak, S., and Hira, A., 2024. Strategic options for building a new electricity grid in South Sudan: The challenges of a new post-conflict nation. Energy Research and Social Science, 109(January), 103417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103417
  • Trejo-Zamudio, D., Gutiérrez-Antonio, C., García-Trejo, J. F., Feregrino-Pérez, A. A., and Toledano-Ayala, M., 2022. Production of fuel pellets from bean crop residues (Phaseolus vulgaris). IET Renewable Power Generation, 16(14), 2978–2987. https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.12365
  • Yuot Amogpai, A. R., Gabriel Carmona, L., Whiting, K., Amogpai, A., and Esser, L. J., 2015. South Sudan: A Review of the Challenges and Prospects in the Development of Sustainable Energy Policy and Practices South Sudan: A Review of the Development of Sustainable Energy Policy and Practices Sudán del Sur: Una revisión de los retos para el desarr. April 2015. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301614191
  • Zakaria Lukwasa, A., Ayal, D. Y., Zeleke, T. T., and Beketie, K. T., 2022. Spatio-temporal rainfall variability and its linkage with large scale climate oscillations over the Republic of South Sudan. Climate Services, 28(September), 100322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2022.100322

Güney Sudan’da Tarımsal Üretimden Potansiyel Biyokütle Enerjisi Üretimi

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 142 - 148
https://doi.org/10.55257/ethabd.1532791

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı Güney Sudan'daki tarımsal artıkların kapasitesinin tür ve miktar açısından değerlendirilmesidir. Ülkenin modern enerji kaynaklarına erişimi sınırlıdır ve nüfusun çoğu yemek pişirme ve ısınma için geleneksel biyokütleye bağımlıdır. Ancak, biyokütle enerjisi de dahil olmak üzere alternatif ve sürdürülebilir enerji kaynaklarının araştırılması ve geliştirilmesi için çaba gösterilmektedir. Biyokütle enerjisi, ısı veya elektrik üretmek için odun, ürün artıkları ve hayvan atıkları gibi organik malzemelerin kullanımını içerir. Güney Sudan bağlamında biyokütle enerjisi, özellikle kırsal alanlardaki nüfusun enerji ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasında çok önemli bir rol oynayabilir. Güney Sudan'da yılda ton kuru madde cinsinden ölçülen mahsul miktarları, Birleşmiş Milletler Gıda ve Tarım Örgütü İstatistik Veri tabanlarından (FAOSTAT) 2021 sezonluk üretim verilerine dayanan hesaplamalar yoluyla belirlenmiştir. Tarımsal kalıntıların yıllık brüt potansiyeli, artık/ürün oranı kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Bitkisel artıkların enerji potansiyeli, tarımsal artıkların ısıl değerlerinin mevcut artık miktarıyla çarpılmasıyla hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Güney Sudan'da 2021 üretim döneminde tarımsal artıkların toplam enerji potansiyeli yaklaşık 112.7 TJ olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Hiçbir şekilde değerlendirilmeyen tarımsal ürün artıklarının toplam miktarının yaklaşık 8.6 kiloton (Kt) olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Toplam artık miktarının oranı sorgum için (%78.71), mısır için (%11.06), pirinç için (%5.66) ve darı (%4.36) olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Abdalla, M., and Qarmout, T., 2023. An analysis of Sudan ’ s energy sector and its renewable energy potential in a comparative African perspective. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 80(4), 1169–1187. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2023.2177417
  • Ahmed, E. E. E., Demirci, A., and Tercan, S. M., 2023. Optimal sizing and techno-enviro-economic feasibility assessment of solar tracker-based hybrid energy systems for rural electrification in Sudan. Renewable Energy, 205(September 2022), 1057–1070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.02.022
  • Aktaş, T., 2022. Tarım Makinaları Bilimi Dergisi Türkiye ’ de İmal Edilen Odun Pelet Örneklerinin Kalite Özelliklerinin ve Standartlara Uygunluğunun Belirlenmesi Determination of Quality Characteristics and Compliance with Standards of Wood Pellet Samples Produced in Turk. 8(1), 25–40.
  • Ali, B., and Gamil, A., 2023. Scenario-Based Optimization towards Sustainable Power Generation in Sudan. Sustainability, 15(20), 14954. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152014954
  • Asad, S. Q., Adam, J. A., and Lona, A. T., 2018. Farmers perceptions, practices and proposals for improving agricultural productivity in South Sudan. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 13(44), 2542–2550. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajar2018.13525
  • Ayik, A., Ijumba, N., Kabiri, C., and Goffin, P., 2021. Preliminary wind resource assessment in South Sudan using reanalysis data and statistical methods. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 138(December 2020), 110621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110621
  • Ayik, Aban, Ijumba, N., Kabiri, C., and Goffin, P., 2020. Selection of Off-Grid Renewable Energy Systems Using Analytic Hierarchy Process: Case of South Sudan. 2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica, PowerAfrica 2020, 2–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219858
  • Bilali, B., 2020. Energy Security in South Sudan: Potentials and Challenges. Turkish Journal of Political Science, 3(1), 1–16.
  • Demirel, B., Alp, G., Gürdil, K., Gadalla, O., Üniversitesi, E., Fakültesi, Z., Bölümü, B. M., Kayseri, T. /, Ondokuz, T., Üniversitesi, M., Makinaları, T., Bölümü, T., & Bilgisi, Y. 2019. Biomass energy potential from agricultural production in sudan. Erciyes Tarım ve Hayvan Bilimleri Dergisi ETHABD, 2(2), 35–38.
  • Gani, R., Devi, S., Goundar, S., Reddy, E., Saber, F., Cheng, Y.-L., Lee, C.-Y., Huang, Y.-L., Buckner, C. A., Lafrenie, R. M., Dénommée, J. A., Caswell, J. M., Want, D. A., Gan, G. G., Leong, Y. C., Bee, P. C., Chin, E., Teh, A. K. H., Picco, S., Mathijssen, R. H. J., 2016. We are IntechOpen , the world ’ s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists , for scientists TOP 1 %. Intech, 11(tourism), 13. https://www.intechopen.com/books/advanced-biometric-technologies/liveness-detection-in-biometrics
  • Gudo, A. J. A., Deng, J., Belete, M., and Abubakar, G. A., 2020. Estimation of small onshore wind power development for poverty reduction in Jubek state, South Sudan, Africa. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041483
  • Karaca, C., 2017. Determining and mapping agricultural biomass energy potential in Samsun Province of Turkey. ICOEST 3rd International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, October, 190–194. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322118421_Determining_and_mapping_agricultural_biomass_energy_potential_in_Samsun_Province_of_Turkey
  • Karaca, C., 2015a. Mapping of energy potential through annual crop residues in. 8(2), 104–109. https://doi.org/10.3965/j.ijabe.20150802.1587
  • Karaca, C., 2015b. Mapping of energy potential through annual crop residues in Turkey. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 8(2), 104–109. https://doi.org/10.3965/j.ijabe.20150802.1587
  • Karaca, C., Kağan Gürdil, G. A., and Ozturk, H. H., 2017. The Biomass Energy Potential from Agricultural Production in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. ICOEST 3rd International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, October. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322118189_The_Biomass_Energy_Potential_from_Agricultural_Production_in_the_Black_Sea_Region_of_Turkey
  • Kose, M., and Kongas, K., 2023. The Challenges and Prospects of South Sudan Agriculture. 2, 101–108.
  • Ladu, N. S. D., Samikannu, R., Gebreslassie, K. G., Sankoh, M., Hakim, L. E. R., Badawi, A., and Latio, T. P. B., 2022. Feasibility study of a standalone hybrid energy system to supply electricity to a rural community in South Sudan. Scientific African, 16, e01157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01157
  • Osman, I. M., Acar, R., Suleiman, E., Babiker, N., and Direk, M., 2023. Agricultural Production Systems in Sudan. 3(1). Report, S., 2018. Transitioning to Renewable Energy : An Analysis of Energy Situation Special Report || Special Report ||. 1–29.
  • Santino, N., Ladu, D., and Samikannu, R., 2021. A Review of Renewable Energy Resources . Its Potentials , Benefits , and Challenges in South Sudan. 2021 International Conference on Advancements in Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Computing and Automation (ICAECA), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAECA52838.2021.9675574
  • Thiak, S., and Hira, A., 2024. Strategic options for building a new electricity grid in South Sudan: The challenges of a new post-conflict nation. Energy Research and Social Science, 109(January), 103417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103417
  • Trejo-Zamudio, D., Gutiérrez-Antonio, C., García-Trejo, J. F., Feregrino-Pérez, A. A., and Toledano-Ayala, M., 2022. Production of fuel pellets from bean crop residues (Phaseolus vulgaris). IET Renewable Power Generation, 16(14), 2978–2987. https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.12365
  • Yuot Amogpai, A. R., Gabriel Carmona, L., Whiting, K., Amogpai, A., and Esser, L. J., 2015. South Sudan: A Review of the Challenges and Prospects in the Development of Sustainable Energy Policy and Practices South Sudan: A Review of the Development of Sustainable Energy Policy and Practices Sudán del Sur: Una revisión de los retos para el desarr. April 2015. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301614191
  • Zakaria Lukwasa, A., Ayal, D. Y., Zeleke, T. T., and Beketie, K. T., 2022. Spatio-temporal rainfall variability and its linkage with large scale climate oscillations over the Republic of South Sudan. Climate Services, 28(September), 100322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2022.100322
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Zootechny (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mohamedeltayib Omer Salih Eissa 0000-0003-0186-1112

Gürkan A. K. Gürdil 0000-0001-7764-3977

Bahadır Demirel 0000-0002-2650-1167

Metin Dağtekin 0000-0002-1397-1725

Early Pub Date December 18, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date August 13, 2024
Acceptance Date November 13, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Omer Salih Eissa, M., Gürdil, G. A. K., Demirel, B., Dağtekin, M. (2024). Potential Biomass Energy Generation from Agricultural Production in South Sudan. Erciyes Tarım Ve Hayvan Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 142-148. https://doi.org/10.55257/ethabd.1532791