Bitki Doku Kültürü Besiyerine Eklenen Bazı Önemli Organik Ekstraktlar Üzerine Derleme

Öz

Bitki doku kültürü aseptik koşullar altında, yapay bir besiyerinde, hücre, doku ve organ gibi bitki kısımlarından veya bütün bir bitkiden bitkisel ürün (sekonder metabolit) veya yeni bir bitki elde etmeyi (bitkilerin vejetatif kısımlarından mikroçoğaltım) sağlayan bitki biyoteknolojisinin önemli bir alanıdır. Bu alan sayesinde bitkileri klonal olarak çoğaltarak; nadir, endemik ve nesli tükenme tehlikesi altındaki türlerin korunmasına olanak sağlanmaktadır. Hastalık ve virüslerden ari (arınmış) bitkiler yetiştirilmekte, gen kaynakları korunmakta, ilaç, kozmetik ve gıda sektörü gibi pek çok alanda kullanılan sekonder metabolit üretimine olanak sağlanmaktadır. Bitki doku kültüründe kültürlerin sağlıklı gelişimleri, fiziksel çevre koşullarına, kullanılan eksplant çeşidine ve besiyeri içeriğine bağlıdır. Kültüre alınan bitkilerin, vejatatif dokularının büyüme ve morfogenez için gerekli olan beslenme ihtiyacı bitkiden bitkiye farklılık göstermektedir. Bu beslenme ihtiyacından kaynaklı olarak araştırmacılar farklı besiyeri ortamları tasarlamışlardır. Temel bir besiyerinde inorganik bileşikler, organik bileşikler ve jel yapıcılar bulunmaktadır. Büyüme ve farklılaşma için bu ortam her zaman yeterli olmadığından dolayı araştırmacılar büyüme ve farklılaşmayı teşvik edecek bazı organik eklentilere gereksinim duymuşlardır. Bunlar moleküler mekanizması tanımlanmamış destek maddeleri (organik ekstraktlar)’dir. Bu derleme; hindistan cevizi sütü, maya, patates ve malt ekstraktı, domates, ananas ve havuç suyu gibi organik ekstraktların bitki doku kültüründe kullanım alanlarına ve kültüre ne gibi yararlarının olduğuna dair bilgiler çeşitli literatürlerin incelenip bir araya getirilmesi amacı ile hazırlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bitki doku kültürü
• Kallus
• Organik ekstrakt
• Hindistan cevizi sütü
• Ananas suyu

A Review On Some Important Organic Extracts Added To The Plant Tissue Culture Media

Abstract

Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques of biotechnology used to grow plant cells, tissues and organs on a nutrient culture medium under aseptic conditions. This technique allows clonal propagation of rare, endemic or endangered plants. Moreover, plant tissue culture makes it possible to produce virus-free plants to be used in medicine, cosmetics and food sectors. The health of the cultures depends on growing conditions, type of explant and growth medium composition. Nutrition requirement of different types of tissues varies. Researchers have developed various types of growth medium to provide suitable nutrition for different plant types. There are inorganic and organic substrates and gelling agents in a basic growth medium. Researchers need some organic additives to promote growth and differentiation since the basic growth medium sometimes not sufficient. Here in this review, we discussed the use of organic additives such as coconut milk, yeast, potato and malt extract, tomato, pineapple and carrot juice.

Keywords

• Plant tissue culture
• Kallus
• Organic extract
• Coconut milk
• pineapple juice

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