SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KALKINMA HEDEFLERİNİN GERÇEKLEŞTİRİLMESİNDE İNSANSIZ HAVA ARAÇLARI KULLANIMININ ROLÜ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Year 2024, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 1 - 24, 11.06.2024

Bilge Meydan

Abstract

Günümüzde teknolojinin ilerlemesi ile İnsansız Hava Araçları (İHA)’nın küçük boyutlu versiyonlarının günlük hayatta bireysel kullanımına sıklıkla rastlanmaktadır. İlk başlarda askeri savunmada keşif ve taarruz amacıyla kullanılan İHA’ların günümüzde farklı amaçlara özel donatılmış olması başka alanlarda kullanımını vazgeçilmez kılmıştır. Bu çalışma İHA’ların son dönemde yükselen eğilimdeki kullanım alanlarıyla ilgili detaylı bir literatür taraması gerçekleştirerek İHA kullanımının Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri(SKH)’ne sağladığı faydalar incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda açlık ve yoksulluğun önlenmesinde, eşitsizliklerin azaltılmasında, sudaki yaşam ve karasal yaşamın korunmasında İHA kullanımının katkıları değerlendirilmiştir. Teknik anlamda İHA’ların temel amacı olan alan ve arazi izlemesinde İHA kullanımı üzerine yapılan çalışmalara yoğunlaşılmış ve konularına göre sınıflandırılmıştır. 2010-2023 yılları aralığında arazi izlemede İHA kullanımı ile ilgili çalışmalar afet yönetimi, fotogrametrik araştırmalar, insani yardım ulaştırma ve tarım olmak üzere 4 temel başlıkta gruplanarak yapılan 48 çalışma incelenmiştir. Gerçek hayattaki problemleri çözmede İHA kullanımının farklı eklentiler ve yazılımlarla farklı amaçlar için kullanımının yoğunlaştığı, klasik araçlara göre maliyet tasarrufu, hız ve kalitede büyük fark yarattığı görülmüştür. Bu çalışma arazi izleme çalışmalarında ilgili araştırmacılara bir kılavuz oluşturmak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır.

Keywords

İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA), sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefleri, hassas tarım, insani yardım, afet yönetimi

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