Köpeklerde Canine Parainfluenza Virus Tip 2’nin immunfloresan ile araştırılması

Year 2013, Volume: 29 Issue: 2, 87 - 91, 01.06.2013

Oğuzhan Avcı Oya Bulut Orhan Yapıcı Atilla Şimşek Sibel Hasırcıoğlu Sibel Yavru Mehmet Kale İrmak Dik Kamil Atlı

Abstract

Amaç: Köpeklerde Canine Parainfluenza Virus Tip 2 (CPIV2)’nin varlığının immunfloresan (IF) ile araştırılması amaçlandı.Gereç ve Yöntem: Klinik olarak solunum sistemi belirtileri gösteren 61 adet köpekten nazal ve konjuktival svap örnekleri alındı. Svaplar (toplam 132 adet) Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) devamlı hücre kültürlerinde 3 kez pasajlandı. Son pasajdan elde edilen hücre kültürü süpernatantları CPIV-2 antijen varlığı yönünden IF ile incelendi.Bulgular: Svap örnekleri MDCK hücre kültürlerine inokule edildikten sonra 3 kez pasajlandı, ancak herhangi bir CPE tespit edilmedi. Tüm örneklerin hücre kültürü üst sıvıları IF ile incelendi, ancak herhangi bir pozitif sonuç belirlenmedi. Öneri: Örneklerin tümü CPIV-2 yönünden negatif tespit edilmiş olmasına rağmen; klinik olarak solunum sistemi bulguları gösteren köpeklerin CPIV’nin yanı sıra solunum yolu enfeksiyonuna sebep olan diğer viral etkenler bakımından da araştırılması gerektiği kanısına varıldı.

Keywords

CPIV-2, köpek, MDCK, immunfloresan

Investigation of Canine Parainfluenza Virus Type 2 in dogs by immunofluorescence

Abstract

Aim: It was aimed to determine the Canine Parainfluenza Virus Type 2 (CPIV-2) in dogs by immunofluorescence (IF).Materials and Methods: In this study nasal and conjunctival swab samples were obtained from 61 pet dogs with clinical signs of respiratory system. Swab samples (total 132) were passaged on Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell cultures for three times. Cell culture supernatant obtained from last passage was tested for CPIV-2 by IF.Results: Swab samples were inoculated onto MDCK cell cultures and subjected to three passages and no CPE was observed. All cell culture supernatants were analyzed by IF but no positive results to be determined. Conclusion: Although all of the samples were determined as negative, CPIV-2 dogs showing clinical signs of respiratory system should be examined for the presence of both CPIV and other respiratoric viral agents.

Keywords

CPIV-2, dog, MDCK, immunofluorescence

References

• 1982. Isolation and characterization of parainfluenza 5 virus from a dog. Jpn J Vet Sci, 44, 607-618.
• Andrejeva J, Childs KS, Young DF, Carlos TS, Stock N, Goodbourn S, Randall RE, 2004. The V proteins of paramyxoviruses bind the IFN-inducible RNA helicase, mda-5, and inhibit its activation of the IFN-beta promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 101, 17264-17269.
• Appel M, Percy DH, 1970. SV5-like parainfluenza virus in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 156, 1778-1781.
• Appel M, Binn LN, 1987. Canine Infectious tracheobronchitis. Short Review: Kennel cough. In: Virus infections of Carnivores, Ed; Apel MJ, Elsevier Science Publisher, Amsterdam, pp; 201- 211.
• Arimilli S, Alexander-Miller MA, Parks GD, 2006. A simian virus 5 (SV5) P/V mutant is less cytopathic than wild-type SV5 in human dendritic cells and is a more effective activator of dendritic cell maturation and function. J Virol, 80, 3416-3427.
• Azetaka M, Konishi S, 1988. Kennel cough complex: confirmation and analysis of the outbreak in Japan. Nippon Juigaku Zasshi, 50, 851-858.
• Baumgartner WK, Metzler AE, Krakowka S, Koestner A, 1981. In vitro identification and characterization of a virus isolated from a dog with neurological dysfunction. Infect Immun, 31, 1177-1183.
• Bemis DA, Carmichael LE, Appel MJ, 1977. Naturally occurring respiratory disease in a kennel caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica. Cornell Vet, 67, 282-293.
• Binn LN, Eddy GA, Lazar EC, Helms J, Murnane T, 1967. Viruses recovered from laboratory dogs with respiratory disease. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 126, 140-145.
• Biron CA, Sen GC, 2001. Interferons and other cytokines, In: Fields Virology, Ed; Knipe DM, Howley PM, 4th edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA, pp; 321- 351.
• Buonavoglia C, Martella V, 2007. Canine respiratory viruses. Vet Res, 38, 355-373.
• Chen Z, Xu P, Salyards GW, Harvey SB, Rada B, Fu ZF, He B, 2012. Evaluating a Parainfluenza Virus 5-based vaccine in a host with pre-existing immunity against Parainfluenza Virus 5. Plos One, 7, 11, e50144.
• Chladek DW, Williams JM, Gerber DL, Harris LL, Murdock FM, 1981. Canine parainfluenza–Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine: Immunogenicity. Am J Vet Res, 42, 266-270.
• Cornwell HJ, McCandlish IA, Thompson H, Laird HM, Wright NG, 1976. Isolation of parainfluenza virus SV5 from dogs with respiratory disease. Vet Rec, 98, 301-302.
• Cornwell HJ, Koptopoulos G, Thompson H, McCandlish IA, Wright NG, 1982. Immunity to canine adenovirus respiratory disease: a comparison of attenuated CAV-1 and CAV-2 vaccines. Vet Rec, 110, 27-32.
• Damian M, Morales E, Salas G, Trigo FJ, 2005. Immunohistochemical detection of antigens of Distemper, Adenovirus and Parainfluenza Viruses in domestic dogs with pneumonia. J Comp Path, 133, 289-293.
• Didcock L, Young DF, Goodbourn S, Randall RE, 1999. Sendai virus and simian virus 5 block activation of interferonresponsive genes: importance for virus pathogenesis. J Virol, 73, 3125-3133.
• Ditchfield J, Macpherson LW, Zbitnew A, 1962. Association of canine adenovirus (Toronto A 26/61) with an outbreak of laryngotracheitis (kennel cough). Can Vet J, 3, 238-247.
• Englund L, Jacobs AA, Klingeborn B, Chriel M, 2003. Seroepidemiological survey of Bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza-2 virus in dogs in Sweden. Vet Rec, 152, 251-254.
• Erles K, Dubovi EJ, Brooks JW, Brownlie J, 2004. Longitudinal study of viruses associated with canine infectious respiratory disease. J Clin Microbiol, 42, 4524-4529.
• Gür S, Acar A, 2008. Kangal ırkı Türk çoban köpeklerinde Canine Parainfluenzavirus Tip 5 (CPIV5) enfeksiyonunun serolojik olarak araştırılması. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 14, 135-139.
• Hartmann TLS, Batista HBCR, Dezen D, Spilki FR, Franco AC, Roehe PM, 2007. Neutralizing antibodies to distemper and parainfluenza viruses in dogs in shelter kennels in the municipalities of Novo Hamburgo and Porto Alegre RS Brasil. Ciencia Rural, 37, 1178-1181.
• Julkunen I, 1984. Serological diagnosis of parainfluenza virus infections by enzyme immunoassay with special emphasis on purity of viral antigens. J Med Virol, 14, 177-187.
• Karron RA, Collins PL, 2007. Parainfluenza viruses. In: Fields virology, 5th edition, Eds; Knipe DM, Howley PM, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA, pp: 1497-1526.
• Keil DJ, Fenwick B, 1998. Role of Bordetella bronchiseptica in infectious tracheobronchitis in dogs. JAVMA, 212, 200-207.
• Lamb RA, Kolakofsky D, 2001. Paramyxoviridae: The viruses and their replication. In: Fields Virology, Eds; Knipe DM, Howley PM, 4th edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA, pp; 1305-1340.
• Lamb RA, Parks GD, 2007. Paramyxoviridae: The viruses and their replication, In: Fields virology, Eds; Knipe DM, Howley PM, 5th edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA, pp; 1449-1496.
• Lamb RA, Paterson RG, Jardetzky TS, 2006. Paramyxovirus membrane fusion: Lessons from the F and HN atomic structures. Virology, 344, 30-37.
• Lin Y, Horvath F, Aligo JA, Wilson R, He B, 2005. The role of simian virus 5 V protein on viral RNA synthesis. Virology, 338, 270-280.
• Markwell M, 1991. New frontiers opened by the exploration of host cell receptor, In: The Paramyxoviruses, Ed; Kingsbury D, Plenum Press, New York, USA, pp; 407-426.
• Mochizuki M, Yachi A, Ohshima T, Ohuchi A, Ishida T, 2008. Etiologic study of upper respiratory infections of household dogs. J Vet Med Sci, 70, 563-569.
• Poole E, He B, Lamb RA, Randall RE, Goodbourn S, 2002. The V proteins of simian virus 5 and other paramyxoviruses inhibit induction of interferon-β. Virology, 303, 33-46.
• Randall RE, Young DF, Goswami KK, Russell WC, 1987. Isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to simian virus 5 and their use in revealing antigenic differences between human, canine and simian isolates. J Gen Virol, 68, 2769-2780.
• Roop RMII, 1990. Bordetella and Alcaligenes, In: Diagnostic Procedures in Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology, Eds; Carter GR, Cole JR, 5th edition, Academy Press, SanDiego, California, USA, pp; 620.
• Rosenberg FJ, Lief FS, Todd JD, Reif JF, 1971. Studies on canine respiratory viruses. I. Experimental infection of dogs with an SV5-like canine parainfluenza agent. Am J Epidemiol, 94, 147- 165. Russell CJ, Jardetzky TS, Lamb RA, 2001. Membrane fusion machines of paramyxoviruses: capture of intermediates of fusion. EMBO J, 20, 4024-4034.
• Sanderson CM, McQueen NL, Nayak DP, 1993. Sendai virus assembly: M protein binds to viral glycoproteins in transit through the secretory pathway. J Virol, 67, 651-663.
• Schmitt AP, He B, Lamb RA, 1999. Involvement of the cytoplasmic domain of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein in assembly of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5. J Virol, 73, 8703-8712.
• Schmitt AP, Lamb RA, 2004. Escaping from the cell: assembly and budding of negative-strand RNA viruses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 283, 145-196.
• Wagener JS, Sobonya R, Minninch L, Tassig LM, 1984. Role of canine parainfluenza virus and Bordetella bronchiseptica in kennel cough. Am J Vet Res, 45, 1862-1866.
• Wilson RL, Fuentes SM, Wang P, Taddeo EC, Klatt A, Henderson AJ, He B, 2006. Function of small hydrophobic proteins of paramyxovirus. J Virol, 80, 1700-1709.
• Wright PF, Webster RG, 2001. Orthomyxoviruses, In: Fields virology, Eds; Knipe DM, Howley PM, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA, pp; 1533-1579.