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Personnel radiation dose assessment using a novel dosimeter in the department of radiology and dentistry in a medical facility in Delta State, South-South Nigeria: Our experience in the last 4 years

Year 2018, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 70 - 78, 04.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.18621/eurj.364193

Abstract

Objectives. Large percentages
of X-ray facilities in Nigeria do not use radiation monitoring device; a few
percentage that use them do not evaluate or carryout out assessment programs to
ascertain the detriment to occupationally exposed workers. This study was aimed
at evaluating dose reports from 2013 to 2016 for personnel who operate  radiation facilities and those that work
within radiation field during certain X-ray procedures/examinations in the
department of radiology and dentistry respectively; to ascertain if there is
correlation between personnel dose and workload in both department and to
determine if dose records are within acceptable limit recommended by the
international atomic energy agency (IAEA) safety series. Methods. Direct ion storage (DIS) dosimeter was
used for a total of 35 occupationally exposed personnel who work in the
department of radiology and dentistry. The DIS dosimeter was read every two
months and results were authomatically saved on the instadoseTM
platform. Results. The mean (total) dose in radiology department for the
first, second, third and fourth year was 0.17 ± 0.08 (3.52) mSv, 0.08 ± 0.03
(0.77) mSv, 0.07 ± 0.04 (0.72) mSv and 0.07 ± 0.05 (0.55) mSv and in Dentistry
was 0.08 ± 0.02 (0.73) mSv, 0.05 ± 0.02 (0.42) mSv, 0.05 ± 0.02 (0.24) mSv and
0.07 ± 0.04 (0.34) mSv; respectively. There was significant difference in mean
personnel dose from 2013-2016 in Radiology (p
= 0.028) and in Dentistry Department (p
= 0.004).
Correlation of workload and personnel dose in
Radiology (p = 0.240) and Dentistry
Department (p = 0.765) wasn’t
significant
. There was no
correlation in mean dose between both department (p = 0.256). Conclusion. Overall mean dose in
both department for occupationally exposed personnel were

below IAEA annual dose limit of 20 mSv averaged over a period of 5
consecutive years
. Dose reports of
personnel in both department reduced as the year progressed due to radiation
safety awareness.

References

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  • [3] Spiegel PK. The first clinical X-ray made in America--100 years. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995;164:241-3.
  • [4] Mazrani W, McHugh K, Marsden PJ. The radiation burden of radiological investigations. Arch Dis Child 2007;92:1127-31.
  • [5] Pearce MS, Salotti JA, McHugh K, Metcalf W, Kim KP, Craft AW, et al. CT scans in young people in Northern England: trends and patterns 1993-2002. Pediatr Radiol 2011;41:832-8.
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  • [8] International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Medical electrical equipment-part 2-43: particular requirements for the safety of x-ray equipment for interventional procedures. IEC Report 60601. Geneva: IEC Publication; 2000.
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  • [12] Wang JX, Inskip PD, Boice JD Jr, Li BX, Zhang JY, Fraumeni JF Jr. Cancer incidence among medical diagnostic X-ray workers in China, 1950 to 1985. Int J Cancer 1990;45:889-95.
  • [13] Akpochafor MO, Omojola AD, Soyebi KO, Adeneye SO, Aweda MA, Ajayi HB. Assessment of peak kilovoltage accuracy in ten selected X-ray centers in Lagos metropolis, South-Western Nigeria: A quality control test to determine energy output accuracy of an X-ray generator. J Health Res Rev 2016;3:60-5.
  • [14] Eze CU, Abonyi LC, Njoku J, Irurhe NK, Olowu O. Assessment of radiation protection practices among radiographers in Lagos, Nigeria. Niger Med J 2013;54:386-91.
  • [15] Okaro AO, Ohagwu CC, Njoku J. Evaluation of personnel radiation monitoring in radiodiagnostic centres in South Eastern Nigeria. African J of Basic & Appl Sci 2010;2:49-53.
  • [16] Eze KC, Nzotta CC, Marchie TT, Okegbunam B, Eze TE. The state of occupational radiation protection and monitoring in public and private X-ray facilities in Edo state, Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract 2011;14:308-10.
  • [17] Pejović S, Bosnjakovic P, Ciraj-Bjelac O, Pejović M. Characteristics of a pMOS suitable for use in radiotherapy. Appl Radiat Isot 2013;77:44-9.
  • [18] Gladstone DJ, Lu XQ, Humm JL, Bowman HF, Chin LM. A miniature MOSFET radiation dosimeter probe. Med Phys 1994;21:1721-8.
  • [19] Yasuda H. Responses of a direct ion storage dosimeter (DIS-1) to heavy charged particles. Radiat Res 2001;156:805-8.
  • [20] Kahilainen J. The direct ion storage dosimeter. Radiat Prot Dosim 1996;66:459-62.
  • [21] Wernli C. Dosimetric characteristics of a novel personal dosimeter based on direct ion storage (DIS). Radiat Prot Dosim 1996;66:23-8.
  • [22] Wernli C. Direct ion storage (DIS) Dosimeters for individual monitoring. Radiat Prot Dosim 1998;77:253-6.
  • [23] Kosunen A, Vartianinen E, Hyvönen H, Rantanen E, Kahilainen J. Testing of a TLD and a direct ion storage (DIS) dosemeter for use as a personal dosemeter. Radiat Prot Dosim 1996;66:29-32.
  • [24] Kron T. Thermoluminescence dosimetry and its applications in medicine--Part 1: Physics, materials and equipment. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 1994;17:175-99.
  • [25] Yukihara EG, McKeever SW. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry in medicine. Phys Med Biol 2008;53:R351-79.
  • [26] The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103. Ann ICRP 2007;37:1-332.
  • [27] 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 60. Ann ICRP 1991;21:1-201.
  • [28] Jabeen A, Munir M, Khalil A, Masood M, Akhter P. Occupational exposure from external radiation used in medical practices in Pakistan by film badge dosimetry. Radiat Prot Dosim 2010;140:396-401.
  • [29] Nassef MH, Kinsara AA. Occupational radiation dose for medical workers at a University Hospital. JTUSCI 2017;11:1259-66.
  • [30] Gray, JE, Bailey ED, Ludlow J. Dental staff doses with handheld dental intraoral X-ray units. Health Phys 2012;2:137-42.
Year 2018, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 70 - 78, 04.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.18621/eurj.364193

Abstract

References

  • [1] Frankel RI. Centennial of Röntgen’s discovery of x-rays. West J Med 1996;164:497-501.
  • [2] Wyman SM. Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital: a brief history. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1993;160:1141-4.
  • [3] Spiegel PK. The first clinical X-ray made in America--100 years. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995;164:241-3.
  • [4] Mazrani W, McHugh K, Marsden PJ. The radiation burden of radiological investigations. Arch Dis Child 2007;92:1127-31.
  • [5] Pearce MS, Salotti JA, McHugh K, Metcalf W, Kim KP, Craft AW, et al. CT scans in young people in Northern England: trends and patterns 1993-2002. Pediatr Radiol 2011;41:832-8.
  • [6] International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Applying radiation safety standards in diagnostic radiology and interventional procedures using x rays. Safety Reports Series No. 39: Vienna IAEA Publication; 2006.
  • [7] International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Radiation protection and safety of radiation sources: international basic safety standards. Iaea safety standards series No. GSR Part 3 (Interim): Vienna IAEA Publication; 2011.
  • [8] International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Medical electrical equipment-part 2-43: particular requirements for the safety of x-ray equipment for interventional procedures. IEC Report 60601. Geneva: IEC Publication; 2000.
  • [9] International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Responsibilities and capabilities of a nuclear energy programme implementing organization. Iaea nuclear energy serıes No. NG-T-3.6: Vienna IAEA Publication; 2009.
  • [10] Shrader-Frechette K. Trimming Exposure Data, Putting Radiation Workers at Risk: Improving Disclosure and Consent through a National Radiation Dose-Registry. Am J Public Health 2007;97:1782-6.
  • [11] Cardis E, Gilbert ES, Carpenter L, Howe G, Kato I, Armstrong BK, et al. Effects of low doses and low dose rates of external ionizing radiation: cancer mortality among nuclear industry workers in three countries. Radiat Res 1995;142:117-32.
  • [12] Wang JX, Inskip PD, Boice JD Jr, Li BX, Zhang JY, Fraumeni JF Jr. Cancer incidence among medical diagnostic X-ray workers in China, 1950 to 1985. Int J Cancer 1990;45:889-95.
  • [13] Akpochafor MO, Omojola AD, Soyebi KO, Adeneye SO, Aweda MA, Ajayi HB. Assessment of peak kilovoltage accuracy in ten selected X-ray centers in Lagos metropolis, South-Western Nigeria: A quality control test to determine energy output accuracy of an X-ray generator. J Health Res Rev 2016;3:60-5.
  • [14] Eze CU, Abonyi LC, Njoku J, Irurhe NK, Olowu O. Assessment of radiation protection practices among radiographers in Lagos, Nigeria. Niger Med J 2013;54:386-91.
  • [15] Okaro AO, Ohagwu CC, Njoku J. Evaluation of personnel radiation monitoring in radiodiagnostic centres in South Eastern Nigeria. African J of Basic & Appl Sci 2010;2:49-53.
  • [16] Eze KC, Nzotta CC, Marchie TT, Okegbunam B, Eze TE. The state of occupational radiation protection and monitoring in public and private X-ray facilities in Edo state, Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract 2011;14:308-10.
  • [17] Pejović S, Bosnjakovic P, Ciraj-Bjelac O, Pejović M. Characteristics of a pMOS suitable for use in radiotherapy. Appl Radiat Isot 2013;77:44-9.
  • [18] Gladstone DJ, Lu XQ, Humm JL, Bowman HF, Chin LM. A miniature MOSFET radiation dosimeter probe. Med Phys 1994;21:1721-8.
  • [19] Yasuda H. Responses of a direct ion storage dosimeter (DIS-1) to heavy charged particles. Radiat Res 2001;156:805-8.
  • [20] Kahilainen J. The direct ion storage dosimeter. Radiat Prot Dosim 1996;66:459-62.
  • [21] Wernli C. Dosimetric characteristics of a novel personal dosimeter based on direct ion storage (DIS). Radiat Prot Dosim 1996;66:23-8.
  • [22] Wernli C. Direct ion storage (DIS) Dosimeters for individual monitoring. Radiat Prot Dosim 1998;77:253-6.
  • [23] Kosunen A, Vartianinen E, Hyvönen H, Rantanen E, Kahilainen J. Testing of a TLD and a direct ion storage (DIS) dosemeter for use as a personal dosemeter. Radiat Prot Dosim 1996;66:29-32.
  • [24] Kron T. Thermoluminescence dosimetry and its applications in medicine--Part 1: Physics, materials and equipment. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 1994;17:175-99.
  • [25] Yukihara EG, McKeever SW. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry in medicine. Phys Med Biol 2008;53:R351-79.
  • [26] The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103. Ann ICRP 2007;37:1-332.
  • [27] 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 60. Ann ICRP 1991;21:1-201.
  • [28] Jabeen A, Munir M, Khalil A, Masood M, Akhter P. Occupational exposure from external radiation used in medical practices in Pakistan by film badge dosimetry. Radiat Prot Dosim 2010;140:396-401.
  • [29] Nassef MH, Kinsara AA. Occupational radiation dose for medical workers at a University Hospital. JTUSCI 2017;11:1259-66.
  • [30] Gray, JE, Bailey ED, Ludlow J. Dental staff doses with handheld dental intraoral X-ray units. Health Phys 2012;2:137-42.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Akintayo Daniel Omojola

Michael Onoride Akpochafor This is me

Samuel Olaolu Adeneye

Ukeme Pius Aniekop This is me

Margaret Idongesit Anizor This is me

Mary-Ann Etim Ekpo This is me

Chibuzor Bede Madu This is me

Publication Date April 4, 2018
Submission Date December 9, 2017
Acceptance Date December 23, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

AMA Omojola AD, Akpochafor MO, Adeneye SO, Aniekop UP, Anizor MI, Ekpo MAE, Madu CB. Personnel radiation dose assessment using a novel dosimeter in the department of radiology and dentistry in a medical facility in Delta State, South-South Nigeria: Our experience in the last 4 years. Eur Res J. April 2018;4(2):70-78. doi:10.18621/eurj.364193

e-ISSN: 2149-3189 


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