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Evaluation of the relationship between perception of tobacco packaging pictorial warnings and the nicotine addiction levels of smokers who admitted to smoking cessation clinic in Malatya, Turkey

Year 2019, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 122 - 127, 04.01.2019
https://doi.org/10.18621/eurj.381904

Abstract

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate relationship
between perception of tobacco packaging pictorial warnings and the nicotine
addiction levels of smokers who admitted to smoking cessation clinic in
Malatya, Turkey.

Methods: Three hundred fifty-six patients were enrolled from
the Malatya State Hospital Smoking Cessation Clinic. The characteristics of the
patients, and number of cigarettes smoked were evaluated. The Fagerström test
for nicotine dependence was used. Fourteen of the best-known and most effective
pictorial health warnings on cigarette packages were shown and evaluated.

Results: The two best-known pictorial warnings in both male and female participants
were pictorial 6, “Smoke contains benzene, nitrosamines, formaldehyde, and
hydrogen cyanide” and pictorial 7, “Smoking causes fatal lung cancer”. The
third best-known pictorial warning for female was pictorial 4, “Smokers die
younger,” and for male it was pictorial 1, “Smoking may reduce blood flow and
causes impotence”. Female were most affected by pictorial 11, “Protect
children; don’t make them breathe your smoke’’, and male were most affected
bypictorial 1, “Smoking may reduce blood flow and causes impotence” (p < 0.043 and p = 0.01, respectively). Fagerström scores compared with pictures
mostly known and affected by participants, the highest and lowest scores
belongs to same pictures; the highest Fagerström score was 8.29 ± 2.14 for best
known and 8.25 ± 2.19 for most affected picture is number 2; the lowest
Fagerström score was 6.46 ± 2.55 for best known and 6.56 ± 2.68 for most
affected picture is number 3.

Conclusion: The
effect of pictures about the decision to quit smoking may be investigated by a
qualitative study especially for pictures 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, and 11. 

References

  • [1] Bala MM, Strzeszynski L, Topor-Madry R, Cahill K. Mass media interventions for smoking cessation in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;6:CD004704.
  • [2] Mackay J, Eriksen M, Shafey O. The Tobacco Atlas. 2nd ed. Brighton, UK: American Cancer Society, 2006.
  • [3] US Department of Healthand Human Services. Preventing tobacco use among young people: a report of theSurgeon General. US.
  • [4] Hammond D, Fong GT, Borland R, Cummings KM, McNeill A, Driezen P. Communicating risk to smokers: the impact of health warnings on cigarette packages. Am J Prev Med 2007;32:202-9.
  • [5] Tütün Ürünlerinin Zararlarının Önlenmesi Ve Kontrolü Hakkında Kanun. http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/Kanunlar.aspx [Erişim Tarihi: 07.10.2012].
  • [6] Buzgan T, Çom S, Irmak H, Baykan H, Aydın E, Taner S. MPOWER: Tütün Salgınını Kontrol Etmeye Yönelik Politika Paketi, Sağlık Bakanlığı, Ankara, 2011.
  • [7] WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, World Health Organization 2003, Geneva.
  • [8] WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, The MPOWER Package, WHO, Geneva, 2008.
  • [9] Bilir N, Kaplan B, Küçük Biçer B, Ararat E, Akyol M, Arslan A, et al. [Opinions of a group of high school students in Ankara on pictorial warnings on cigarette packages]. Turk Toraks Derg 2013;14:127-33. [Article in Turkish]
  • [10] Vardavas CI, Connolly G, Karamanolis K, Kafatos A. Adolescents perceived effectiveness of the proposed European graphic tobacco warning labels. Eur J Public Health 2009;19:212-7.
  • [11] Bayrak B, Bilir N, Yardım MS, Gürkan H, Karakullukçuoğlu Z, Kaya A. [Opinions of a group of high school students about the possible impact of combined warnings to be depicted on the cigarette packages]. Turk Toraks Derg 2010;11:1-9. [Article in Turkish]
  • [12] Hammond D. Health warning messages on tobacco products: a review. Tob Control. 2011;20:327-37.
  • [13] Thrasher JF, Perez-Hernandez R, Arillo-Santillan E, Barrientos-Gutierrez I. [Towards informed tobacco consumption in Mexico: effect of pictorial warning labels in smokers]. Salud Publica Mex 2012;54:242-53. [Article in Spanish]
  • [14] Önsüz MF, Topuzoğlu A, Algan A, Soydemir E, Aslan İ. [Evaluatıon of the relationship between perception of tobacco packaging warning messages and the nicotine addiction levels of smoker]. Marmara Med J 2009;22;111-22. [Article in Turkish]
Year 2019, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 122 - 127, 04.01.2019
https://doi.org/10.18621/eurj.381904

Abstract

References

  • [1] Bala MM, Strzeszynski L, Topor-Madry R, Cahill K. Mass media interventions for smoking cessation in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;6:CD004704.
  • [2] Mackay J, Eriksen M, Shafey O. The Tobacco Atlas. 2nd ed. Brighton, UK: American Cancer Society, 2006.
  • [3] US Department of Healthand Human Services. Preventing tobacco use among young people: a report of theSurgeon General. US.
  • [4] Hammond D, Fong GT, Borland R, Cummings KM, McNeill A, Driezen P. Communicating risk to smokers: the impact of health warnings on cigarette packages. Am J Prev Med 2007;32:202-9.
  • [5] Tütün Ürünlerinin Zararlarının Önlenmesi Ve Kontrolü Hakkında Kanun. http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/Kanunlar.aspx [Erişim Tarihi: 07.10.2012].
  • [6] Buzgan T, Çom S, Irmak H, Baykan H, Aydın E, Taner S. MPOWER: Tütün Salgınını Kontrol Etmeye Yönelik Politika Paketi, Sağlık Bakanlığı, Ankara, 2011.
  • [7] WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, World Health Organization 2003, Geneva.
  • [8] WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, The MPOWER Package, WHO, Geneva, 2008.
  • [9] Bilir N, Kaplan B, Küçük Biçer B, Ararat E, Akyol M, Arslan A, et al. [Opinions of a group of high school students in Ankara on pictorial warnings on cigarette packages]. Turk Toraks Derg 2013;14:127-33. [Article in Turkish]
  • [10] Vardavas CI, Connolly G, Karamanolis K, Kafatos A. Adolescents perceived effectiveness of the proposed European graphic tobacco warning labels. Eur J Public Health 2009;19:212-7.
  • [11] Bayrak B, Bilir N, Yardım MS, Gürkan H, Karakullukçuoğlu Z, Kaya A. [Opinions of a group of high school students about the possible impact of combined warnings to be depicted on the cigarette packages]. Turk Toraks Derg 2010;11:1-9. [Article in Turkish]
  • [12] Hammond D. Health warning messages on tobacco products: a review. Tob Control. 2011;20:327-37.
  • [13] Thrasher JF, Perez-Hernandez R, Arillo-Santillan E, Barrientos-Gutierrez I. [Towards informed tobacco consumption in Mexico: effect of pictorial warning labels in smokers]. Salud Publica Mex 2012;54:242-53. [Article in Spanish]
  • [14] Önsüz MF, Topuzoğlu A, Algan A, Soydemir E, Aslan İ. [Evaluatıon of the relationship between perception of tobacco packaging warning messages and the nicotine addiction levels of smoker]. Marmara Med J 2009;22;111-22. [Article in Turkish]
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Seda Beyhan Sağmen 0000-0002-1632-2966

Mikail Özdemir 0000-0001-7567-1763

Publication Date January 4, 2019
Submission Date January 20, 2018
Acceptance Date June 17, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

AMA Beyhan Sağmen S, Özdemir M. Evaluation of the relationship between perception of tobacco packaging pictorial warnings and the nicotine addiction levels of smokers who admitted to smoking cessation clinic in Malatya, Turkey. Eur Res J. January 2019;5(1):122-127. doi:10.18621/eurj.381904

e-ISSN: 2149-3189 


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