The relationship between atherogenic index of plasma and major risk factors of cardiovascular disease in obese and non-obese individuals

Year 2019, Volume: 5 Issue: 4, 678 - 685, 04.07.2019

Seher Sayın , Ruhuşen Kutlu , Ahmet Koçak

https://doi.org/10.18621/eurj.414561

Cited By: 5

Abstract

Objectives:
Obesity is a health problem with gradually increasing
prevalence and directly contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease
(CVD). We aimed to investigate the relationship between atherogenic index of
plasma (AIP) and major risk factors of CVD in obese and non-obese individuals.

Methods: This analytical
case-control study was carried out on 501 individuals. Obese patients were
included in the case group and normal-overweight individuals were included in
the control group. The groups were similar in terms of ages and gender.
Detailed medical background of the participants was recorded and antropometric
parameters were measured. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density
lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose
(FBG) and insulin were measured. AIP risk categories were created according to
published epidemiological data: AIP < 0.1 is associated with low risk,
0.1-0.24 with moderate risk, and > 0.24 with high risk.

Results: There was a statistically significant relationship between
obesity, male gender, older age, smoking, insulin resistance, high waist
circumference, elevation of the blood pressure, FBG and high CVD risk (p < 0.005). CVD risk in males were
6.254 times more than in females [OR=6.254, 95% CI; (2.287-17.107)], CVD risk
in obese was 3.436 times more than in none-obese and CVD risk in individuals
with insulin resistance was 5.560-fold increase than individuals without insulin
resistance [OR=5.560, 95% CI; (3.069-10.070)] (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Our findings showed that increasing in AIP is associated with
obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, AIP can be used as a
simple, economic and non invasive marker to identify for CVD risk.

Keywords

Obesity, cardiovascular disease, atherogenic index of plasma, insulin resistance

References

• [1] WHO. World health statistics 2015. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015e.
• [2] Statistics of causes of death, 2015. [Internet] Available from: www.turkstat.gov.tr Accessed: 26.5.2017.
• [3] Després JP, Arsenault BJ, Côté M, Cartier A, Lemieux I. Abdominal obesity: the cholesterol of the 21st century? Can J Cardiol 2008;24:7-12.
• [4] Eckel RH, Krauss RM. American Heart Association call to action: obesity as a major risk factor for coronary heart disease. AHA Nutrition Committee. Circulation 1998;97:2099-100.
• [5] Pi-Sunyer X. The medical risks of obesity. Postgrad Med 2009;121:21-33.
• [6] Manjunath CN, Rawal JR, Irani PM, Madhu K. Atherogenic dyslipidemia. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2013;17:969-76.
• [7] Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001;285:2486-97.
• [8] Dobiasova M. Atherogenic index of plasma as a significant predictor of cardiovascular risk: from research to practice. Vnitr Lek 2006;52:64-71.
• [9] Bahceci M. Obesity. In: TEMD Obesity, Dyslipidemia. Hypertension Study Group eds. Turkish Association of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Hypertension, Obesity and Lipid Metabolism Diagnosis and Treatment Guide 2011;50-80.
• [10] WHO. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation. WHO Technical Report Series 894. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2011.
• [11] Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 1985;28:412-9.
• [12] Chhezom K, Arslan MI, Hoque MM, Biswas SK. Biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in otherwise healthy overweight subjects in Bangladesh. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017;11 Suppl 1;S381-4.
• [13] Guasch-Ferré M, Bulló M, Martínez-González MÁ, Corella D, Estruch R, Covas MI, et al. Waist-to-height ratio and cardiovascular risk factors in elderly individuals at high cardiovascular risk. PLoS One 2012;7:e43275.
• [14] Shen SW, Lu Y, Li F, Yang CJ, Feng YB, Li HW, et al. Atherogenic index of plasma is an effective index for estimating abdominal obesity. Lipids Health Dis 2018;17:11.
• [15] Ying Lee CM, Huxley RR, Wildman RP, Woodward M. Indices of abdominal obesity are better discriminators of cardiovascular risk factors than BMI: a meta-analysis. J Clin Epidemiol 2008;61:646-53.
• [16] Yıldız C, Yıldız A, Tekiner F. Comparison of serum lipid profile and plasma atherogenic index between premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Dicle Medical Journal 2015;42:36-40.
• [17] Niroumand S, Khajedaluee M, Khadem-Rezaiyan M, Abrishami M, Juya M, Khodaee G, et al. Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP): A marker of cardiovascular disease. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2015;29:240.
• [18] Andreeva-Gateva PA, Konsulova P, Orbetzova M, Georgieva-Nikolova R, Tafradjiiska-Hadjiolova R, Angelova V, et al. Differentiation of obese patients at moderate or higher Findrisc score based on their atherogenic index. Postgrad Med 2016;128:790-6.
• [19] Buğan B, Çelik T. Risk factors for coronary artery disease. J Clin Anal Med 2014;5:159-63.
• [20] Abacı A. The current status of cardiovascular risk factors in Turkey. Arch Turk Soc Cardiol 2011;39:1-5.
• [21] Onat A. Dynamics in cardiometabolic risk among Turkish adults: similarities to that in Iranians? Int J Prev Med 2011;2:56-63.
• [22] Gast KB, Tjeerdema N, Stijnen T, Smit JW, Dekkers OM. Insulin resistance and risk of incident cardiovascular events in adults without diabetes: meta-analysis. PLoS One 2012;7:e52036.
• [23] Young EE, Okafor CN, Iroezindu MO, Agbalu IS. Insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and lipids in African women. Niger J Clin Pract 2016;19:793-8.
• [24] Oluyombo R, Akinwusi PO, Olamoyegun MO, Ayodele OE, Fawale MB, Okunola OO, et al. Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in semi-urban communities in south-western Nigeria. Cardiovasc J Afr 2016;27:322-7.
• [25] Gaede P, Vedel P, Larsen N, Jensen GV, Parving HH, Pedersen O. Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2003;348:383-93.