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The relationship between prolactin and adipose tissue and metabolic parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 5, 517 - 526, 04.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.18621/eurj.668471

Abstract

Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome is a reproductive endocrinopathy, predominantly accompanied by insulin resistance, obesity, and metabolic disorder. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible relationship between prolactin and adipose tissue and metabolic parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).



Methods:
A total of 58 patients with PCOS and 34 body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls between September 2018 and March 2019 were included in the study. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues were measured using ultrasonography. Serum prolactin, fasting blood glucose, insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride, total cholesterol, luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) levels were measured.



Results:
The median BMI (p = 0.001), waist circumference (p = 0.002), hip circumference (p = 0.003), waist-to-hip ratio (p = 0.013), LH (p = 0.012), total testosterone (p = 0.004), DHEA-S (p = 0.049), 17-OHP (p = 0.001), insulin (p = 0.001), minimum preperitoneal fat thickness (p = 0.001), maximum preperitoneal fat thickness (p = 0.048), and intraperitoneal fat thickness (p = 0.018) were significantly higher in the PCOS group compared to the control group. However, there was no significant correlation between prolactin levels and adipose tissue parameters and insulin levels in the patients with PCOS.



Conclusions:
Although there was an increase in the preperitoneal and intraperitoneal fat thickness in the PCOS group compared to the control group, no significant correlation was observed between prolactin and visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues and metabolic parameters.

References

  • 1. Goffin V, Binart N, Touraine P, Kelly PA. Prolactin: the new biology of an old hormone. Annu Rev Physiol 2002;64:47-67.
  • 2. Hugo ER, Borcherding DC, Gersin KS, Loftus J, Ben-Jonathan N. Prolactin release by adipose explants, primary adipocytes,and LS14 adipocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:4006-12.
  • 3. Norman RJ, Dewailly D, Legro RS, Hickey TE. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Lancet 2007;370: 685-97.
  • 4. Escobar-Morreale HF, San Millan JL. Abdominal adiposity and the polycystic ovary syndrome. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2007;18:266-72.
  • 5. Albu A, Florea S, Fica S. Is prolactin the missing link in adipose tissue dysfunction of polycystic ovary syndrome patients? Endocrine 2016;51:163-73.
  • 6. Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hum Reprod 2004;19:41-7.
  • 7. Yildrim B, Sabir N, Kaleli B. Relationship of intra-abdominal fat distribution to metabolic disorders in nonobese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2003;79:1358-64.
  • 8. Kalkhoff RK, Hartz AH, Rupley D, Kissebah AH, Kelber S. Relationship of body fat distribution to blood pressure,carbohydrate tolerance, and plasma lipids in healthy obese women. J Lab Clin Med 1983;102:621-7.
  • 9. Good C, Tulchinsky M, Mauger D, Demers LM, Legro RS.Bone density and body composition in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 1999;72:21-5.
  • 10. Battaglia C, Battaglia B, Mancini F, Paradisi R, Fabbri R, Venturoli S, et al. Ultrasonographic extended-view technique for evaluation of abdominal fat distribution in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2011;90:600-8.
  • 11. Goodpaster BH, Krishnaswami S, Harris TB, Katsiaras A, Kritchevsky SB, Simonsick EM, et al. Obesity, regional body fat distribution, and the metabolic syndrome in older men and women. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:777-83.
  • 12. Karabulut A, Yaylali GF, Demirlenk S, Sevket O, Acun A. Evaluation of body fat distribution in PCOS and its association with carotid atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. Gynecol Endocrinol 2012;28:111-4.
  • 13. Mannerås-Holm L, Leonhardt H, Kullberg J, Jennische E, Odén A,Holm G, et al. Adipose tissue has aberrant morphology and function in PCOS: Enlarged adipocytes and low serum adiponectin, but not circulating sex steroids, are strongly associated with insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:E304-11.
  • 14. Cascella T, Palomba S, De Sio I, Manguso F, Giallauria F, De Simone B, et al. Visceral fat is associated with cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2008;23:153-9.
  • 15. Jena D, Choudhury AK, Mangaraj S, Singh M, Mohanty BK, Baliarsinha AK. Study of visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat thickness and its correlation with cardiometabolic risk factors and hormonal parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2018;22:321-7.
  • 16. Borruel S, Fernández-Durán E, Alpañés M, Martí D, Alvarez-Blasco F, Luque-Ramírez M, et al. Global adiposity and thickness of intraperitoneal and mesenteric adipose tissue depots are increased inwomen with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98:1254-63.
  • 17. Liu KH, Chan YL, Chan WB, KongWL, Kong MO, Chan JCN. Sonographic measurement of mesenteric fat thickness is a good correlate with cardiovascular risk factors: comparison with subcutaneous and preperitoneal fat thickness, magnetic resonance imaging and anthropometric indexes. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003;27:1267-73.
  • 18. Abe T, Kawakami Y, Sugita M, Yoshikawa K, Fukunaga T. Use of B-mode ultrasound for visceral fat mass evaluation:comparisons with magnetic resonance imaging. Appl Human Sci 1995;14:133-9.
  • 19. Balbach L, Wallaschofski H, Volzke H, Nauck M, Dorr M, Haring R. Serum prolactin concentrations as risk factor of metabolic syndromeor type 2 diabetes? BMC Endocr Disord 2013;13:12.
  • 20. Haring R, Friedrich N, Volzke H, Vasan RS, Felix SB, Dorr M, et al. Positive association of serum prolactin concentrations with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Eur. Heart J 2012;35:1215-21.
  • 21. Freemark M, Avril I, Fleenor D, Driscoll P, Petro A, Opara E, et al. Targeted deletion of the PRL receptor: effects on islet development,insulin production, and glucose tolerance. Endocrinology 2002;143:1378-85.
  • 22. Ben-Jonathan N, Hugo ER, Brandebourg TD, LaPensee CR. Focus on prolactin as a metabolic hormone. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2006;17:110-16.
  • 23. Roelfsema F, Pijl H, Keenan DM, Veldhuis JD. Prolactin secretion in healthy adults is determined by gender, age and body mass index. PLoS ONE 2012;7:e31305.
  • 24. Chirico V, Cannavo S, Lacquaniti A, Salpietro V, Mandolfino M, Romeo PD, et al. Prolactin in obese children: a bridge between inflammation andmetabolic-endocrine dysfunction. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013;79:537-44.
  • 25. Ernst B, Thurnheer M, Schultes B. Basal serum prolactin levels in obesity–unrelated to parameters of the metabolic syndrome and unchanged after massive weight loss. Obes Surg 2009;19:1159-62.
  • 26. Kok P, Roelfsema F, Frolich M, Meinders AE, Pijl H. Prolactin release is enhanced in proportion to excess visceral fat in obese women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:4445-9.
  • 27. Gustafson B, Hedjazifar S, Gogg S, Hammarstedt A, Smith U. Insulin resistance and impaired adipogenesis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015;26:193-200.
  • 28. Ruiz-Herrera X, de Los Ríos EA, Díaz JM, Lerma-Alvarado RM, Martínez de la Escalera L, López-Barrera F, et al. Prolactin promotes adipose tissue fitness and insulinsensitivity in obese males. Endocrinology 2017;158:56-68.
  • 29. Wagner R, Heni M, Linder K, Ketterer C, Peter A, Bohm A, et al. Age-dependentassociation of serum prolactin with glycaemia and insulinsensitivity in humans. Acta Diabetol 2014;51:71-8.
  • 30. Berinder K, NystroÈm T, HoÈybye C, Hall K, Hulting AL. Insulin sensitivity and lipid profile in prolactinoma patients before and after normalization of prolactin by dopamine agonist therapy. Pituitary 2011;14:199-207.
  • 31. Lamos EM, Levitt DL, Munir KM. A review of dopamine agonist therapy in type 2 diabetes and effects on cardio-metabolic parameters. Prim Care Diabetes 2016;10:60-5.
  • 32. dos Santos Silva CM, Barbosa FR, Lima GA, Warszawski L, Fontes R, Domingues RC, et al. BMI and metabolic profile in patientswith prolactinoma before and after treatment with dopamineagonists. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011;19:800-5.
  • 33. Glintborg D, Altinok M, Mumm H, Buch K, Ravn P, Andersen M. Prolactin is associated with metabolic risk and cortisol in 1007 women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2014;29:1773-9.
  • 34. Zhang L, Curhan GC, Forman JP. Plasma prolactin level and risk of incident hypertension in postmenopausal women. J Hypertens 2010;28:1400-5.
  • 35. Daimon M, Kamba A, Murakami H, Mizushiri S, Osonoi S, Yamaichi M, et al. Association between serum prolactin levels and insulin resistance in non-diabetic men. PLoS One 2017;12:e0175204.
  • 36. Seidell JC, Bakker CJ, Van Der Kooy K. Imaging techniques for measuring adipose-tissue distribution– a comparison between computed tomography and 1.5-T magnetic resonance. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:953-7.
  • 37. Leite CC, Wajchenberg BL, Radominski R, Matsuda D, Cerri GG, Halpern A, et al. Intra-abdominal thickness by ultrasonography to predict risk factors for cardiovascular disease and its correlation with anthropometric measurements. Metabolism 2002;51:1034-40.
  • 38. Wajchenberg BL. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: their relation to the metabolic syndrome. Endocr Rev 2000;21:697-738.
Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 5, 517 - 526, 04.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.18621/eurj.668471

Abstract

References

  • 1. Goffin V, Binart N, Touraine P, Kelly PA. Prolactin: the new biology of an old hormone. Annu Rev Physiol 2002;64:47-67.
  • 2. Hugo ER, Borcherding DC, Gersin KS, Loftus J, Ben-Jonathan N. Prolactin release by adipose explants, primary adipocytes,and LS14 adipocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:4006-12.
  • 3. Norman RJ, Dewailly D, Legro RS, Hickey TE. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Lancet 2007;370: 685-97.
  • 4. Escobar-Morreale HF, San Millan JL. Abdominal adiposity and the polycystic ovary syndrome. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2007;18:266-72.
  • 5. Albu A, Florea S, Fica S. Is prolactin the missing link in adipose tissue dysfunction of polycystic ovary syndrome patients? Endocrine 2016;51:163-73.
  • 6. Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hum Reprod 2004;19:41-7.
  • 7. Yildrim B, Sabir N, Kaleli B. Relationship of intra-abdominal fat distribution to metabolic disorders in nonobese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2003;79:1358-64.
  • 8. Kalkhoff RK, Hartz AH, Rupley D, Kissebah AH, Kelber S. Relationship of body fat distribution to blood pressure,carbohydrate tolerance, and plasma lipids in healthy obese women. J Lab Clin Med 1983;102:621-7.
  • 9. Good C, Tulchinsky M, Mauger D, Demers LM, Legro RS.Bone density and body composition in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 1999;72:21-5.
  • 10. Battaglia C, Battaglia B, Mancini F, Paradisi R, Fabbri R, Venturoli S, et al. Ultrasonographic extended-view technique for evaluation of abdominal fat distribution in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2011;90:600-8.
  • 11. Goodpaster BH, Krishnaswami S, Harris TB, Katsiaras A, Kritchevsky SB, Simonsick EM, et al. Obesity, regional body fat distribution, and the metabolic syndrome in older men and women. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:777-83.
  • 12. Karabulut A, Yaylali GF, Demirlenk S, Sevket O, Acun A. Evaluation of body fat distribution in PCOS and its association with carotid atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. Gynecol Endocrinol 2012;28:111-4.
  • 13. Mannerås-Holm L, Leonhardt H, Kullberg J, Jennische E, Odén A,Holm G, et al. Adipose tissue has aberrant morphology and function in PCOS: Enlarged adipocytes and low serum adiponectin, but not circulating sex steroids, are strongly associated with insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:E304-11.
  • 14. Cascella T, Palomba S, De Sio I, Manguso F, Giallauria F, De Simone B, et al. Visceral fat is associated with cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2008;23:153-9.
  • 15. Jena D, Choudhury AK, Mangaraj S, Singh M, Mohanty BK, Baliarsinha AK. Study of visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat thickness and its correlation with cardiometabolic risk factors and hormonal parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2018;22:321-7.
  • 16. Borruel S, Fernández-Durán E, Alpañés M, Martí D, Alvarez-Blasco F, Luque-Ramírez M, et al. Global adiposity and thickness of intraperitoneal and mesenteric adipose tissue depots are increased inwomen with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98:1254-63.
  • 17. Liu KH, Chan YL, Chan WB, KongWL, Kong MO, Chan JCN. Sonographic measurement of mesenteric fat thickness is a good correlate with cardiovascular risk factors: comparison with subcutaneous and preperitoneal fat thickness, magnetic resonance imaging and anthropometric indexes. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003;27:1267-73.
  • 18. Abe T, Kawakami Y, Sugita M, Yoshikawa K, Fukunaga T. Use of B-mode ultrasound for visceral fat mass evaluation:comparisons with magnetic resonance imaging. Appl Human Sci 1995;14:133-9.
  • 19. Balbach L, Wallaschofski H, Volzke H, Nauck M, Dorr M, Haring R. Serum prolactin concentrations as risk factor of metabolic syndromeor type 2 diabetes? BMC Endocr Disord 2013;13:12.
  • 20. Haring R, Friedrich N, Volzke H, Vasan RS, Felix SB, Dorr M, et al. Positive association of serum prolactin concentrations with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Eur. Heart J 2012;35:1215-21.
  • 21. Freemark M, Avril I, Fleenor D, Driscoll P, Petro A, Opara E, et al. Targeted deletion of the PRL receptor: effects on islet development,insulin production, and glucose tolerance. Endocrinology 2002;143:1378-85.
  • 22. Ben-Jonathan N, Hugo ER, Brandebourg TD, LaPensee CR. Focus on prolactin as a metabolic hormone. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2006;17:110-16.
  • 23. Roelfsema F, Pijl H, Keenan DM, Veldhuis JD. Prolactin secretion in healthy adults is determined by gender, age and body mass index. PLoS ONE 2012;7:e31305.
  • 24. Chirico V, Cannavo S, Lacquaniti A, Salpietro V, Mandolfino M, Romeo PD, et al. Prolactin in obese children: a bridge between inflammation andmetabolic-endocrine dysfunction. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013;79:537-44.
  • 25. Ernst B, Thurnheer M, Schultes B. Basal serum prolactin levels in obesity–unrelated to parameters of the metabolic syndrome and unchanged after massive weight loss. Obes Surg 2009;19:1159-62.
  • 26. Kok P, Roelfsema F, Frolich M, Meinders AE, Pijl H. Prolactin release is enhanced in proportion to excess visceral fat in obese women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:4445-9.
  • 27. Gustafson B, Hedjazifar S, Gogg S, Hammarstedt A, Smith U. Insulin resistance and impaired adipogenesis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015;26:193-200.
  • 28. Ruiz-Herrera X, de Los Ríos EA, Díaz JM, Lerma-Alvarado RM, Martínez de la Escalera L, López-Barrera F, et al. Prolactin promotes adipose tissue fitness and insulinsensitivity in obese males. Endocrinology 2017;158:56-68.
  • 29. Wagner R, Heni M, Linder K, Ketterer C, Peter A, Bohm A, et al. Age-dependentassociation of serum prolactin with glycaemia and insulinsensitivity in humans. Acta Diabetol 2014;51:71-8.
  • 30. Berinder K, NystroÈm T, HoÈybye C, Hall K, Hulting AL. Insulin sensitivity and lipid profile in prolactinoma patients before and after normalization of prolactin by dopamine agonist therapy. Pituitary 2011;14:199-207.
  • 31. Lamos EM, Levitt DL, Munir KM. A review of dopamine agonist therapy in type 2 diabetes and effects on cardio-metabolic parameters. Prim Care Diabetes 2016;10:60-5.
  • 32. dos Santos Silva CM, Barbosa FR, Lima GA, Warszawski L, Fontes R, Domingues RC, et al. BMI and metabolic profile in patientswith prolactinoma before and after treatment with dopamineagonists. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011;19:800-5.
  • 33. Glintborg D, Altinok M, Mumm H, Buch K, Ravn P, Andersen M. Prolactin is associated with metabolic risk and cortisol in 1007 women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2014;29:1773-9.
  • 34. Zhang L, Curhan GC, Forman JP. Plasma prolactin level and risk of incident hypertension in postmenopausal women. J Hypertens 2010;28:1400-5.
  • 35. Daimon M, Kamba A, Murakami H, Mizushiri S, Osonoi S, Yamaichi M, et al. Association between serum prolactin levels and insulin resistance in non-diabetic men. PLoS One 2017;12:e0175204.
  • 36. Seidell JC, Bakker CJ, Van Der Kooy K. Imaging techniques for measuring adipose-tissue distribution– a comparison between computed tomography and 1.5-T magnetic resonance. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:953-7.
  • 37. Leite CC, Wajchenberg BL, Radominski R, Matsuda D, Cerri GG, Halpern A, et al. Intra-abdominal thickness by ultrasonography to predict risk factors for cardiovascular disease and its correlation with anthropometric measurements. Metabolism 2002;51:1034-40.
  • 38. Wajchenberg BL. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: their relation to the metabolic syndrome. Endocr Rev 2000;21:697-738.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Gültekin Adanas 0000-0002-9113-9846

Hilal Gülsm Turan Özsoy 0000-0003-2021-6311

Publication Date September 4, 2020
Submission Date December 31, 2019
Acceptance Date May 6, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 6 Issue: 5

Cite

AMA Adanas G, Turan Özsoy HG. The relationship between prolactin and adipose tissue and metabolic parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur Res J. September 2020;6(5):517-526. doi:10.18621/eurj.668471

e-ISSN: 2149-3189 


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