Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite
Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 5, 515 - 523, 04.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.18621/eurj.940798

Abstract

References

  • 1. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020;395:497-506.
  • 2. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet 2020;395:565-74.
  • 3. Aly MH, Rahman SS, Ahmed WA, Alghamedi MH, Al Shehri AA, Alkalkami AM, et al. Indicators of critical illness and predictors of mortality in COVID-19 patients. Infect Drug Resist 2020;13:1995-2000.
  • 4. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020;395:1054-62.
  • 5. Petrilli CM, Jones SA, Yang J, Rajagopalan H, O'Donnell L, Chernyak Y, et al. Factors associated with hospital admission and critical illness among 5279 people with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York City: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2020;369:m1966.
  • 6. Nasiri MJ, Haddadi S, Tahvildari A, Farsi Y, Arbabi M, Hasanzadeh S, et al. COVID-19 clinical characteristics, and sex-specific risk of mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020;7:459.
  • 7. Li X, Wang L, Yan S, Yang F, Xiang L, Zhu J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 25 death cases with COVID-19: a retrospective review of medical records in a single medical center, Wuhan, China. Int J Infect Dis 2020;94:128-32.
  • 8. Guan WJ, Liang WH, Zhao Y, Liang HR, Chen ZS, Li YM, et al; China Medical Treatment Expert Group for COVID-19. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. Eur Respir J 2020;55:2000547.
  • 9. Cao J, Tu WJ, Cheng W, Yu L, Liu YK, Hu X, et al. Clinical features and short-term outcomes of 102 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis 2020;71:748-55.
  • 10. Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, Zhang C, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med 2020;8:420-2.
  • 11. Mikami T, Miyashita H, Yamada T, Harrington M, Steinberg D, Dunn A, et al. Risk factors for mortality in patients with COVID-19 in New York City. J Gen Intern Med 2021;36:17-26.
  • 12. Prasad N, Gopalakrishnan N, Sahay M, Gupta A, Agarwal SK; COVID-19 Working Group of Indian Society of Nephrology. Epidemiology, genomic structure, the molecular mechanism of injury, diagnosis and clinical manifestations of coronavirus infection: an overview. Indian J Nephrol 2020;30:143-54.
  • 13. Zhou Y, Frey TK, Yang JJ. Viral calciomics: interplays between Ca2+ and virus. Cell Calcium 2009;46:1-17.
  • 14. Olivier M. Modulation of host cell intracellular Ca2+. Parasitol Today 1996;12:145-50.
  • 15. Nieto-Torres JL, DeDiego ML, Verdiá-Báguena C, Jimenez-Guardeño JM, Regla-Nava JA, Fernandez-Delgado R, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus envelope protein ion channel activity promotes virus fitness and pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog 2014;10:e1004077.
  • 16. Nieto-Torres JL, Verdiá-Báguena C, Jimenez-Guardeño JM, Regla-Nava JA, Castaño-Rodriguez C, Fernandez-Delgado R, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus E protein transports calcium ions and activates the NLRP3 inflammasome. Virology 2015;485:330-9.
  • 17. Catalano A, Chilà D, Bellone F, Nicocia G, Martino G, Loddo I, et al. Incidence of hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia in hospitalized patients: is it changing? J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2018;13:9-13.
  • 18. Cheungpasitporn W, Thongprayoon C, Mao MA, Kittanamongkolchai W, Sakhuja A, Erickson SB. Impact of admission serum calcium levels on mortality in hospitalized patients. Endocr Res 2018;43:116-23.
  • 19. Akirov A, Gorshtein A, Shraga-Slutzky I, Shimon I. Calcium levels on admission and before discharge are associated with mortality risk in hospitalized patients. Endocrine 2017;57:344-51.
  • 20. WHO. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected: interim guidance, 25 January 2020 (2020). Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/3308 [Accessed 30 March2020].
  • 21. Sun JK, Zhang WH, Zou L, Liu Y, Li JJ, Kan XH, et al. Serum calcium as a biomarker of clinical severity and prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Aging (Albany NY) 2020;12:11287-95.
  • 22. Cappellini F, Brivio R, Casati M, Cavallero A, Contro E, Brambilla P. Low levels of total and ionized calcium in blood of COVID-19 patients. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020;58:e171-3.
  • 23. Di Filippo L, Formenti AM, Rovere-Querini P, Carlucci M, Conte C, Ciceri F, et al. Hypocalcemia is highly prevalent and predicts hospitalization in patients with COVID-19. Endocrine 2020;68:475-8.
  • 24. Bossoni S, Chiesa L, Giustina A. Severe hypocalcemia in a thyroidectomized woman with Covid-19 infection. Endocrine 2020;68:253-4.
  • 25. Lippi G, South AM, Henry BM. Electrolyte imbalances in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Ann Clin Biochem 2020;57:262-5.
  • 26. Cao M, Zhang D, Wang Y, Lu Y, Zhu X, Li Y, al. Clinical features of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in Shanghai, China. medRxiv. 2020 Mar; 6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.04.20030395.
  • 27. Yesiltepe Mutlu G, Hatun S. Use of vitamin D in children and adults: frequently asked questions. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2018;10:301-6.
  • 28. Khamis F, Al-Zakwani I, Al Naamani H, Al Lawati S, Pandak N, Omar MB, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of the first 63 adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19: an experience from Oman. J Infect Public Health 2020;13:906-13.
  • 29. Hoechter DJ, Becker-Pennrich A, Langrehr J, Bruegel M, Zwissler B, Schaefer S, et al. Higher procoagulatory potential but lower DIC score in COVID-19 ARDS patients compared to non-COVID-19 ARDS patients. Thromb Res 2020;196:186-92.
  • 30. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al; China Medical Treatment Expert Group for Covid-19. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1708-20.
  • 31. Nguyen Y, Corre F, Honsel V, Curac S, Zarrouk V, Fantin B, et al. Applicability of the CURB-65 pneumonia severity score for outpatient treatment of COVID-19. J Infect 2020;81:e96-8.
  • 32. Zhang L, Feng X, Zhang D, Jiang C, Mei H, Wang J, et al. Deep vein thrombosis in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: prevalence, risk Factors, and outcome. Circulation 2020;142:114-28.
  • 33. Rivera-Izquierdo M, Del Carmen Valero-Ubierna M, R-delAmo JL, Fernández-García MÁ, Martínez-Diz S, Tahery-Mahmoud A, et al. Sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory factors on admission associated with COVID-19 mortality in hospitalized patients: a retrospective observational study. PLoS One 2020;15:e0235107.

The relationship between disease prognosis and serum calcium and corrected calcium levels in COVID-19 patients

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 5, 515 - 523, 04.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.18621/eurj.940798

Abstract

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate whether low serum calcium (Ca) and corrected calcium (cCa) levels could predict disease prognosis and mortality in patients with COVID-19.


Methods:
In this study, we retrospectively enrolled 206 eligible patients with COVID-19, diagnosed at Turkey Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital between March 12, 2020 and June 15, 2020.


Results:
Serum Ca level was 8.8 ± 0.57 mg/dL and the serum cCa level was 8.99 ± 0.53 in all patients. The patients were divided into two groups, such as hypocalcemic and non-hypocalcemic patients. We observed that serum Ca levels of patients who died were significantly lower than that of surviving patients. A significant negative correlation was found between serum cCa level and albumin level. A significant positive correlation was found between serum cCa level and C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, procalcitonin, troponin, CURB-65 score, and quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (q-SOFA) score. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, respiratory rate, saturation, heart rate, lymphocyte, serum calcium, D-dimer, CURB-65 score, and q-SOFA score were independent predictors of high-risk group of mortality.


Conclusions:
This study confirms that the severity of COVID-19 is associated with lower concentrations of serum Ca. The cCa levels were associated with certain prognostic factors. Serum Ca and cCa levels could be an early and helpful marker to improve management of patients with COVID-19. We recommend evaluation of calcium in patients on initial presentation and serial monitoring during hospitalization in order to perform timely and appropriate corrective actions.

References

  • 1. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020;395:497-506.
  • 2. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet 2020;395:565-74.
  • 3. Aly MH, Rahman SS, Ahmed WA, Alghamedi MH, Al Shehri AA, Alkalkami AM, et al. Indicators of critical illness and predictors of mortality in COVID-19 patients. Infect Drug Resist 2020;13:1995-2000.
  • 4. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020;395:1054-62.
  • 5. Petrilli CM, Jones SA, Yang J, Rajagopalan H, O'Donnell L, Chernyak Y, et al. Factors associated with hospital admission and critical illness among 5279 people with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York City: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2020;369:m1966.
  • 6. Nasiri MJ, Haddadi S, Tahvildari A, Farsi Y, Arbabi M, Hasanzadeh S, et al. COVID-19 clinical characteristics, and sex-specific risk of mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020;7:459.
  • 7. Li X, Wang L, Yan S, Yang F, Xiang L, Zhu J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 25 death cases with COVID-19: a retrospective review of medical records in a single medical center, Wuhan, China. Int J Infect Dis 2020;94:128-32.
  • 8. Guan WJ, Liang WH, Zhao Y, Liang HR, Chen ZS, Li YM, et al; China Medical Treatment Expert Group for COVID-19. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. Eur Respir J 2020;55:2000547.
  • 9. Cao J, Tu WJ, Cheng W, Yu L, Liu YK, Hu X, et al. Clinical features and short-term outcomes of 102 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis 2020;71:748-55.
  • 10. Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, Zhang C, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med 2020;8:420-2.
  • 11. Mikami T, Miyashita H, Yamada T, Harrington M, Steinberg D, Dunn A, et al. Risk factors for mortality in patients with COVID-19 in New York City. J Gen Intern Med 2021;36:17-26.
  • 12. Prasad N, Gopalakrishnan N, Sahay M, Gupta A, Agarwal SK; COVID-19 Working Group of Indian Society of Nephrology. Epidemiology, genomic structure, the molecular mechanism of injury, diagnosis and clinical manifestations of coronavirus infection: an overview. Indian J Nephrol 2020;30:143-54.
  • 13. Zhou Y, Frey TK, Yang JJ. Viral calciomics: interplays between Ca2+ and virus. Cell Calcium 2009;46:1-17.
  • 14. Olivier M. Modulation of host cell intracellular Ca2+. Parasitol Today 1996;12:145-50.
  • 15. Nieto-Torres JL, DeDiego ML, Verdiá-Báguena C, Jimenez-Guardeño JM, Regla-Nava JA, Fernandez-Delgado R, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus envelope protein ion channel activity promotes virus fitness and pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog 2014;10:e1004077.
  • 16. Nieto-Torres JL, Verdiá-Báguena C, Jimenez-Guardeño JM, Regla-Nava JA, Castaño-Rodriguez C, Fernandez-Delgado R, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus E protein transports calcium ions and activates the NLRP3 inflammasome. Virology 2015;485:330-9.
  • 17. Catalano A, Chilà D, Bellone F, Nicocia G, Martino G, Loddo I, et al. Incidence of hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia in hospitalized patients: is it changing? J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2018;13:9-13.
  • 18. Cheungpasitporn W, Thongprayoon C, Mao MA, Kittanamongkolchai W, Sakhuja A, Erickson SB. Impact of admission serum calcium levels on mortality in hospitalized patients. Endocr Res 2018;43:116-23.
  • 19. Akirov A, Gorshtein A, Shraga-Slutzky I, Shimon I. Calcium levels on admission and before discharge are associated with mortality risk in hospitalized patients. Endocrine 2017;57:344-51.
  • 20. WHO. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected: interim guidance, 25 January 2020 (2020). Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/3308 [Accessed 30 March2020].
  • 21. Sun JK, Zhang WH, Zou L, Liu Y, Li JJ, Kan XH, et al. Serum calcium as a biomarker of clinical severity and prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Aging (Albany NY) 2020;12:11287-95.
  • 22. Cappellini F, Brivio R, Casati M, Cavallero A, Contro E, Brambilla P. Low levels of total and ionized calcium in blood of COVID-19 patients. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020;58:e171-3.
  • 23. Di Filippo L, Formenti AM, Rovere-Querini P, Carlucci M, Conte C, Ciceri F, et al. Hypocalcemia is highly prevalent and predicts hospitalization in patients with COVID-19. Endocrine 2020;68:475-8.
  • 24. Bossoni S, Chiesa L, Giustina A. Severe hypocalcemia in a thyroidectomized woman with Covid-19 infection. Endocrine 2020;68:253-4.
  • 25. Lippi G, South AM, Henry BM. Electrolyte imbalances in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Ann Clin Biochem 2020;57:262-5.
  • 26. Cao M, Zhang D, Wang Y, Lu Y, Zhu X, Li Y, al. Clinical features of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in Shanghai, China. medRxiv. 2020 Mar; 6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.04.20030395.
  • 27. Yesiltepe Mutlu G, Hatun S. Use of vitamin D in children and adults: frequently asked questions. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2018;10:301-6.
  • 28. Khamis F, Al-Zakwani I, Al Naamani H, Al Lawati S, Pandak N, Omar MB, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of the first 63 adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19: an experience from Oman. J Infect Public Health 2020;13:906-13.
  • 29. Hoechter DJ, Becker-Pennrich A, Langrehr J, Bruegel M, Zwissler B, Schaefer S, et al. Higher procoagulatory potential but lower DIC score in COVID-19 ARDS patients compared to non-COVID-19 ARDS patients. Thromb Res 2020;196:186-92.
  • 30. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al; China Medical Treatment Expert Group for Covid-19. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1708-20.
  • 31. Nguyen Y, Corre F, Honsel V, Curac S, Zarrouk V, Fantin B, et al. Applicability of the CURB-65 pneumonia severity score for outpatient treatment of COVID-19. J Infect 2020;81:e96-8.
  • 32. Zhang L, Feng X, Zhang D, Jiang C, Mei H, Wang J, et al. Deep vein thrombosis in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: prevalence, risk Factors, and outcome. Circulation 2020;142:114-28.
  • 33. Rivera-Izquierdo M, Del Carmen Valero-Ubierna M, R-delAmo JL, Fernández-García MÁ, Martínez-Diz S, Tahery-Mahmoud A, et al. Sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory factors on admission associated with COVID-19 mortality in hospitalized patients: a retrospective observational study. PLoS One 2020;15:e0235107.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects ​Internal Diseases
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Iskender Ekinci 0000-0001-7390-9301

Hanişe Özkan 0000-0001-6416-0183

Mitat Büyükkaba 0000-0002-9685-1779

İrem Kirac Utku 0000-0003-3806-5291

Ahmet Çınar 0000-0002-6949-8025

Ramazan Güven 0000-0003-4129-8985

Murat Akarsu 0000-0002-2675-4252

Abdulbaki Kumbasar 0000-0001-7466-9434

Hafize Uzun 0000-0002-1347-8498

Ömür Tabak 0000-0001-8848-4561

Publication Date September 4, 2021
Submission Date May 21, 2021
Acceptance Date July 26, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 7 Issue: 5

Cite

AMA Ekinci I, Özkan H, Büyükkaba M, Kirac Utku İ, Çınar A, Güven R, Akarsu M, Kumbasar A, Uzun H, Tabak Ö. The relationship between disease prognosis and serum calcium and corrected calcium levels in COVID-19 patients. Eur Res J. September 2021;7(5):515-523. doi:10.18621/eurj.940798

e-ISSN: 2149-3189 


The European Research Journal, hosted by Turkish JournalPark ACADEMIC, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

by-nc-nd.png

2024