Relationship between emotional intelligence and prenatal attachment levels of women with healthy and high-risk pregnancies

Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 6 - November 2023, 1293 - 1302, 04.11.2023

Meltem Mecdi Kaydırak Nil Küçük Yüceyurt Zuhal Ertürk Ümran Oskay

https://doi.org/10.18621/eurj.1148316

Abstract

Objectives: Emotional intelligence enables pregnant women to effectively cope with environmental effects and stressors in a dynamic and changing process. This research was planned for evaluating the relationship between emotional intelligence and prenatal attachment levels of women with healthy and high-risk pregnancies.

Methods: Based on the descriptive research design and regression analysis, the research was performed with the participation of 281 pregnant women. Research data were collected through Information Form, Emotional Intelligence Self-Evaluation Scale (EISES) and Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI).

Results: As per means of scores obtained from the EISES and PAI by women with healthy (133.34 ± 32.30) and high-risk (126.81 ± 35.80) pregnancies, it was found that pregnant women had high levels of emotional intelligence and medium levels of prenatal attachment. Based on research variables, there were no statistically significant differences in means of scores obtained from the Scale and the Inventory by women with healthy and high-risk pregnancies (p > 0.05). It was found that women who voluntarily got pregnant had higher prenatal attachment levels and this difference was statistically significant (x²= 102.81, p < 0.001). It was identified that there was no statistically significant difference in means of scores obtained by pregnant women from the EISES ans PAI (r= -0.060, p = 0.318).

Conclusions: It was found that there was no statistically significant difference in prenatal attachment levels of women with healthy and high-risk pregnancies and their prenatal attachment levels had no statistically significant association with their emotional intelligence levels.

Keywords

Attachment, emotional intelligence, pregnant woman, prenatal attachment

References

• 1. Buko G, Özkan H. [The correlation between emotional intelligence and prenatal attachment levels of pregnant women]. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2016;19:217-24. [Article in Turkish]
• 2. Bakır N, Ölçer Z, Oskay Ü. [The levels and affecting factors of prenatal attachment in high risk pregnant]. Uluslararası Hakemli Kadın Hastalıkları ve Anne Çocuk Sağlığı Dergisi 2014;1:26-54. [Article in Turkish]
• 3. Eswi A, Khalil A. Prenatal attachment and fetal health locus of control among low risk and high risk pregnant women. World Appl Sci J 2012;18:462-71.
• 4. Goleman D. Why emotional intelligence is more important than IQ? 34th ed. Istanbul, Kuritiş Publishing; 2012: pp. 53-82.
• 5. Bar-On R. The Bar-On Model of emotional-social intelligence, consortium for research on emotional intelligence in organization-issues in emotional intelligence, 2005. Available at: www.eiconsortium.org . Accessed March 15, 2022.
• 6. Ciarrochi J, Chan Amy YC, Bajgar J. Measuring emotional intelligence in adolecents. Pers Individ Dif 2001;31:105-19.
• 7. İşmen E. [Emotional intelligence and problem solving]. M.Ü. Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi 2001;13:111-24. [Article in Turkish]
• 8. Yılmaz SD, Beji NK. [Turkish version of prenatal attachment inventory: a study of reliability and validity]. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergis 2013;16:9-103. [Article in Turkish]
• 9. Bowlby J. Attachment and loss. 2nd ed. New York, Basic Books; 1982: pp. 177-257.
• 10. Elkin N. [Levels of prenatal attachment in pregnant women and factors affecting it]. STED/Sürekli Tıp Eğitini Dergisi 2015;24:230-6. [Article in Turkish]
• 11. Ozer S, Yilar Erkek Z. The relationship between pregnant women' emotional ıntelligence and fear of childbirth, readiness for childbirth and ways of coping with stress. J Basic Clin Health Sci 2021;2:83-93.
• 12. Ural A, Kılıç İ. Scientific research process and data analysis with SPSS. 4th ed. Ankara, Detay Publishing; 2005: pp. 44-6.
• 13. Ergin EF. A Research on the relationship between emotional intelligence levels of university students and their 16 personality traits. Selcuk University Institute Of Social Sciences, Master Thesis. 2000.
• 14. Wewers ME, Lowe NK. A critical review of visual analogue scales in the measurement of clinical phenomena. Res Nurs Health 1990;13:227-36.
• 15. Turkiye Demographic and Health Survey. 2018. Available at: http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/tnsa2018/rapor/TNSA2018_ana_Rapor.pdf. Accessed March 05, 2022.
• 16. Turkiye Demographic and Health Survey. 2013. Available at: http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/tnsa2013/rapor/TNSA_2013_ana_rapor.pdf. Accessed March 05, 2022.
• 17. Çapık A, Sakar T, Ejder Apay S. [Relationship between health practices and emotional intelligence in pregnancy]. International Refereed Journal of Nursing Researches 2016;6:75-86. [Article in Turkish]
• 18. Kubilay S, ed., Discover your social emotional intelligence. 1th ed. İstanbul: Truva Publishing, 2006: pp. 8-56.
• 19. Rollè L, Giordano M, Santoniccolo F, Trombetta T. Prenatal attachment and perinatal depression: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:26-44.
• 20 Arafaha D, Thomas B, Fenton TR, Sabr Y, Metcalfe A. Validity and reliability of the Arabic version of Muller’s prenatal attachment inventory. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2020;3:1-9.
• 21. Ulu P, Bayraktar S. Investigation of variables related to prenatal bonding levels in pregnant women. Yeni Symposium 2018;56:2-8.
• 22. Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Cognitive theories of stress and the issue of circularity. In: Appley MH, Trumbull R, eds., Dynamics of stress: Physiological, psychological and social perspectives. US, Springer US; 1986: pp. 63-80.
• 23. Fu W, Wilhelm LO, Wei Y, Zhou G, Schwarzer R. Emotional intelligence and dyadic satisfaction buffer the negative effect of stress on prenatal anxiety and depressive symptoms in Chinese women who are pregnant with twins. Anxiety Stress Coping 2020;33:466-78.
• 24. Karakoç H, Mucuk, Ö, Özkan H. The relationship of emotional ıntelligence and breastfeeding self-efficacy in mothers in the early postpartum period. Breastfeed Med 2020;15:103-8.
• 25. Sharma D. Impact of age on emotional intelligence and its components. Int J Res Innov Soc Sci 2017;1:13-20.
• 26. Pooja P, Kumar P. Demographic variables and its effect on emotional intelligence: a study on Indian service sector employees. Ann Neurosci 2016;23:18-24.
• 27. Nagar M. Role of demographic factors in emotional ıntelligence: an empirical study of bank managers. Indian J Commerce Manage Stud 2017;8:26-32.
• 28. Hosseini A, Roa A. Effects of demographic characteristics on trait emotional intelligence with respect to Azad University in Iran. Natl Monthly Refer J Res Commerce Manage 2013;2:10-9.
• 29. Ossa X, Bustos L, Fernandez L. Prenatal attachment and associated factors during the third trimester of pregnancy in Temuco, Chili. Midwifery 2012;28:689-96.
• 30. Watson D, Clark LA. Negative affectivity: the disposition to experience aversive emotional states. Psychol Bull 1984;96:465-90.
• 31. Kuyumcu B, Güven M. [The relationship between the emotional awareness expression of emotion and psychological well-being of Turkish and English university students]. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 2012;32:589-607. [Article in Turkish]