Cell Free DNA and Genometastasis

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 69 - 74, 01.08.2019

Cemal Çağıl Koçana Selin Toprak Büşra Yaşa Hilal Hekimoğlu Selçuk Sözer Tokdemir

Abstract

DOI: 10.26650/experimed.2019.19015

Cell free DNAs (cfDNA) are short DNA
fragments which are present in all biological fluids and cell culture medium.
They were first detected in blood plasma by Mandel and Metais in 1948. cfDNAs
are mostly endogenous-derived fragments that are determined in lipid/protein
rich complexes or particles with membranes. In healthy individuals, there are
small amounts of mono-nucleosome forms of cfDNA in the peripheral circulation.
cfDNA can bind to proteins and phospholipids on cell surfaces. This mechanism
may related to absorbance and release of cfDNA. Different enzymes such as
deoxyribonuclease (DNase) may facilitate the unbounding and recirculation of
membrane bound cfDNAs.

The investigation of cfDNA that circulates
freely in the blood initiated its application in clinical research including
diagnosis. Especially, cfDNA in mother’s blood, which originated in fetus, has
been in widely used in prenatal diagnosis already. Moreover, cfDNA has been
applied in much clinical research, including cancer, organ transplantation,
auto-immune diseases, trauma, myocardial infarcts, and sepsis. Although it is
extremely useful to analyze cfDNA for certain pathologies and physiological
conditions, there is no definite information about their fragment dimensions,
origins nor their character.

In this review, the possible origins of
cfDNA are explored with an overview of the literature regarding cfDNA and also,
its role in genometastasis has been investigated.

In addition, the rapidly increasing
diagnostic use in recent years, especially its advantages in prenatal diagnosis
are discussed.

Cite this article as: Koçana CÇ, Toprak SF,
Yaşa B, Hekimoğlu H, Tokdemir SS. Cell Free DNA and Genometastasis. Experimed
2019; 9(2): 69-74.

Keywords

Cell free DNA, genometastasis, Cell free fetal DNA

Hücre Dışı DNA ve Genometastaz

Abstract

DOI: 10.26650/experimed.2019.19015

1948 yılında, kan plazmasında Mandel ve
Metais tarafından keşfedilen hücre dışı DNA’lar (hdDNA), tüm biyolojik sıvılar
ve hücre kültür medyasında var olduğu bilinen kısa DNA parçalarıdır. Bu
hdDNA’lar ağırlıklı olarak endojen kökenli olup lipid ve protein içeren
komplekslerde veya membranlı partiküllerin içinde bulunabilirler. Sağlıklı
bireylerde periferik dolaşımda, mono-nükleozomlar şeklinde az miktarda hdDNA
bulunur. hdDNA, hücre yüzeylerindeki bağlayıcı proteinlere veya fosfolipitlere
tutunabilir. Bu mekanizma hdDNA emilimi veya salınımıyla ilişkilendirilebilir.
Deoksiribonükleaz (DNaz) gibi enzimler aracılığıyla hücreye tutunmuş olan
hdDNA’ların yüzeyden ayırıp sirkülasyona geri salınımı sağlanabilir.

Kanda serbest halde dolaşan hdDNA‘nın
keşfedilmesi ile farklı klinik alanlarda tanı amaçlı kullanımlarına ilişkin
çalışmalar da başlamıştır. Özellikle prenatal tanıda, anne dolaşımında bulunan
fetüse ait hdDNA analizleri halihazırda uygulanmaktadır. Bunun yanında, kanser,
organ nakli, otoimmün hastalıklar, travma, miyokardial infarktüs ve sepsis gibi
diğer klinik alanlar için de kullanılabildiği bilinmektedir. hdDNA analizi,
çeşitli patolojiler ve spesifik fizyolojik durumların araştırılması ve
tanısında yararlı görülse de, fragman boyutları dahil olmak üzere, kökenleri ve
doğası hakkında kesin bir bilgi yoktur.

Bu derlemede, muhtemel hdDNA orjini
hakkında literatür bilgileri bir araya getirilerek bir sentez oluşturulmaya
çalışılmış bunun yanında genometestazdaki rolü de irdelenmiştir. Son yıllarda
hızla artan tanı amaçlı kullanımına özellikle de prenatal tanıdaki avantajları
ele alınmıştır.

Cite this article as: Koçana CÇ, Toprak SF,
Yaşa B, Hekimoğlu H, Tokdemir SS. Cell Free DNA and Genometastasis. Experimed
2019; 9(2): 69-74.

Keywords

Hücre dışı DNA, Genometastaz, Hücre dışı fetal DNA

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