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Educational Transformation in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Under the Shadow of Crises: Alternative Scenarios for Future School Models

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 55 - 71, 22.12.2025

Abstract

Education systems must have the flexibility to maintain social stability and solidarity both in times of routine functioning and in times of crisis. In today's world where crises such as health, economy and migration are widespread, it is inevitable that education policies are redesigned to adapt to these uncertainties. In this context, the interaction of international policy recommendations and local practices is becoming increasingly critical. Therefore, this study aims to examine the potential transformations that the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) education system may undergo in line with these scenarios by taking the four possible educational scenarios presented in the OECD's ‘Back to the Future of Education’ report as a theoretical basis. Using document analysis, the study analyzed the TRNC National Education Law, the Teachers' Law, policy documents of education unions, and media coverage of crisis periods. The findings show that there are structural deficits in the TRNC education system in terms of resilience to crises in areas such as governance, digital infrastructure, teacher competencies and social inequalities. The role of trade unions, the multidimensional role of teachers, and the limits of existing legislation are particularly highly relevant to the ‘Schooling Extended’ and ‘Schools as Learning Hubs’ scenarios. The study recommends updating policy documents, redefining the roles of teachers, institutionalizing the contributions of trade unions and adapting OECD scenarios to the local context. In this way, the TRNC education system can be made more resilient to unforeseen crisis conditions.

References

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  • Brossard, M., Cardoso, M., Kamei, A., Mishra, S., Mizunoya, S., & Reuge, N. (2020). Parental engagement in children’s learning: Insights for remote learning response during COVID-19 [Innocenti Research Brief]. https://www.unicef.org/innocenti/documents/parental-engagement-childrens-learning
  • Bowen, G. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
  • Creswell, J. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Pearson Education Inc.
  • Daniel, J. (2020). Education and the Covid-19 pandemic. Prospects, 49, 91-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-020-09464-3
  • Egeli, S., & Özdemir, M. B. (2020). Koronavirüs (Covid-19) pandemi sürecinin KKTC eğitim sistemine yansımalarına genel bir bakış. 21. Yüzyılda Eğitim ve Toplum Eğitim Bilimleri ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(27), 779-804.
  • Elmore, R. F. (2019). The future of learning and the future of assessment. ECNU Review of Education, 2(3), 329-345. https://doi.org/10.1177/2096531119878962
  • Ergin, İ., Akkaya, B., & Çelik, S. A. (2023). Türkiye, KKTC ve Türk Dünyası devletlerinin yükseköğretim ve hayat boyu öğretim sistemleri. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 43(1), 263-305. https://doi.org/10.17152/gefad.1214106
  • Erden, H., & Erden, A. (2019). KKTC eğitim sisteminde yaşanan güncel sorunlar. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 9(2), 282-303. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/792374
  • Fuerth, L., & Faber, E. (2012). Anticipatory governance practical upgrades: Equipping the executive branch to cope with increasing speed and complexity of major challenges. Institute for National Strategic Studies.
  • Geylan, D. (2021, November 23). Yüz yüze eğitimi önemsiyor musunuz? Kıbrıs Türk Orta Eğitim Öğretmenler Sendikası (KTOEÖS). https://www.ktoeos.org/yuz-yuze-egitimi-onemsiyor-musunuz/
  • Karahanoğlu, S. (2015). KKTC eğitim sistemindeki güncel sorunların öğretmenlerin görüşlerine göre değerlendirilmesi[Yüksek lisans tezi, Yakındoğu Üniversitesi]. YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
  • Karasar, N. (2020). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar, ilkeler, teknikler (35. baskı). Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kendir, G., & Güneyli, A. (2021). KKTC’deki göçmen öğrenci velilerinin eğitime ilişkin görüşleri. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 50(1), 991-1012. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.959268
  • Kendir, G., Hoşsöz, F., & Aykulu, A. (2024). Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’nde göç ve eğitim temelinde bir değerlendirme. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler ve Sanat Araştırmaları, 3(1), 80-93. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4276585
  • Kıbrıs Türk Orta Eğitim Öğretmenler Sendikası (KTOEÖS). (2025). https://www.ktoeos.org/hakkimizda/
  • Kıbrıs Türk Öğretmenler Sendikası (KTÖS). (2025). http://ktos.org
  • Kıbrıs Türk Öğretmenler Sendikası. (2025, July 8). KTÖS’ten kadro eksikliğine eylemli tepki. Mağusa Haber Ajansı. https://www.mhahaber.com/ktosten-kadro-eksikligine-eylemli-tepki
  • Kioupi, V., & Voulvoulis, N. (2019). Education for sustainable development: A systemic framework for connecting the SDGs to educational outcomes. Sustainability, 11(6104), 1-18.https://doi.org/10.3390/su11216104
  • Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti Milli Eğitim Yasası. (1986). KKTC Resmî Gazete, 51. http://www.mebnet.net/sites/default/files/yasalar/17-1986.pdf
  • Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti Öğretmenler Yasası. (1985). KKTC Resmî Gazete. https://khk.gov.ct.tr/Portals/29/ogretmenleryasas.pdf
  • Levin, B. (1998). An epidemic of educational policy: What can we learn from each other? Comparative Education, 34(2), 131-142. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050069828234
  • Lewin, K. M. (2019). The sustainable development goals for education: Commonwealth perspectives and opportunities. The Round Table, 108(4), 367-382. https://doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2019.1634888
  • Merriam, S. B., & Grenier, R. S. (Eds.). (2019). Qualitative research in practice: Examples for discussion and analysis(2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Miles, M., & Huberman, M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis. Sage Publications.
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2001a). Scenarios for the future of schooling. OECD.https://www.oecd.org/education/back-to-the-future-s-of-education-178ef527-en.htm
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2021b). Global scenarios 2035: Exploring implications for the future of global collaboration and the OECD. OECD Publishing.
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2020). Back to the future of education: Four OECD scenarios for schooling. OECD. https://www.oecd.org/education/back-to-the-future-s-of-education-178ef527-en.htm
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2022). Education at a glance 2022: OECD indicators. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/education-at-a-glance-2022_3197152b-en.html
  • Özgür Gazete. (2021, February 1). KTÖS, örgütlü bulunduğu okullarda uzaktan eğitim ile ilgili çalışma yaptı. https://ozgurgazetekibris.com/kibris/22478-ktos-orgutlu-bulundugu-okullarda-uzaktan-egitim-ile-ilgili-calisma-yapti.html
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Reimers, F. M. (2022). Primary and secondary education during COVID-19: Disruptions and responses. In F. M. Reimers (Ed.), Primary and secondary education during COVID-19: Disruptions to educational opportunity during a pandemic(pp. 1-37). Springer.
  • Reimers, F. M., & Schleicher, A. (2020). A framework to guide an education response to the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020. OECD. https://www.oecd.org/.../a-framework-to-guide-an-education-response-to-the-covid-19-pandemic-of-2020_a5bcbd8a/6ae21003-en.pdf
  • Reuge, N., Jenkins, R., Brossard, M., Soobrayan, B., Mizunoya, S., Ackers, J., ... & Taulo, W. G. (2021). Education response to COVID-19 pandemic: A special issue proposed by UNICEF. International Journal of Educational Development, 87, 102485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102485
  • Rizvi, F., & Lingard, B. (2009). Globalizing education policy. Routledge.
  • Sahlberg, P. (2021). Finnish lessons 3.0: What can the world learn from educational change in Finland? Teachers College Press.
  • Schleicher, A. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on education: Insights from Education at a Glance 2020. OECD Publishing. https://www.improvingthestudentexperience.com/library/covid19/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-education-insights-education-at-a-glance-2020.pdf
  • Spada, A., Fiore, M., & Galati, A. (2024). The impact of education and culture on poverty reduction: Evidence from panel data of European countries. Social Indicators Research, 175(3), 927-940. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-023-03155-0
  • Spring, J. (2015). Globalization of education: An introduction. Routledge. Türkiye Ekonomi Politikaları Araştırma Vakfı (TEPAV). (2012). KKTC Milli Eğitim Gençlik ve Spor Bakanlığı kurumsal ve fonksiyonel analizi. Fokus.
  • UN Women. (2025, April 21). Explainer: How gender inequality and climate change are interconnected. https://www.unwomen.org/en/articles/explainer/how-gender-inequality-and-climate-change-are-interconnected
  • United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). (2021). Building resilient education systems beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.https://www.unicef.org/eca/media/17306/file/Building%20resilient%20education%20systems%20beyond%20the%20COVID-19%20Pandemic_%202021.pdf
  • United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/21252030%20Agenda%20for%20Sustainable%20Development%20web.pdf
  • United Nations. (2020). Transforming education through COVID-19 disruptions: A policy brief. https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/08/sg_policy_brief_covid-19_and_education_august_2020.pdf
  • Uysal, M., & Çağanağa, Ç. K. (2022). Opinions of teachers on distance education applications in English language teaching policies in Northern Cyprus during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 868198. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.868198
  • World Bank. (2023). Education overview: Reducing poverty and boosting prosperity through learning. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/education/overview
  • Yüce, E. (2022). The immediate reactions of EFL learners towards total digitalization at higher education during the Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 15(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.939836

KRİZLERİN GÖLGESİNDE KUZEY KIBRIS TÜRK CUMHURİYETİ’NDE EĞİTİMİN DÖNÜŞÜMÜ: GELECEĞİN OKUL MODELLERİ İÇİN ALTERNATİF SENARYOLAR

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 55 - 71, 22.12.2025

Abstract

Eğitim sistemleri hem rutin işleyiş dönemlerinde hem de kriz anlarında toplumsal istikrarı ve dayanışmayı sürdürebilecek esnekliğe sahip olmalıdır. Sağlık, ekonomi, göç gibi krizlerin yaygınlaştığı günümüz dünyasında, eğitim politikalarının bu belirsizliklere uyum sağlayacak biçimde yeniden tasarlanması kaçınılmazdır. Bu bağlamda, uluslararası politika önerileri ve yerel uygulamaların etkileşimi giderek daha kritik hâle gelmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, OECD’nin ‘Eğitimin Geleceğine Dönüş’ başlıklı raporunda sunulan dört olası eğitim senaryosunu kuramsal bir zemin olarak ele alarak, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti (KKTC) eğitim sisteminin bu senaryolar doğrultusunda geçirebileceği potansiyel dönüşümleri incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Doküman analizi yöntemiyle yürütülen araştırmada, KKTC Milli Eğitim Yasası, Öğretmenler Yasası, eğitim sendikalarının politika belgeleri ve kriz dönemlerine ilişkin medya içerikleri analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, KKTC eğitim sisteminde krizlere karşı dayanıklılık açısından yönetişim, dijital altyapı, öğretmen yeterlikleri ve toplumsal eşitsizlikler gibi alanlarda yapısal açıklar olduğunu göstermektedir. Sendikaların rolü, öğretmenlerin çok boyutlu görevleri ve mevcut mevzuatın sınırları, özellikle ‘Genişleyen Okullaşma’ ve ‘Öğrenme Merkezleri Olarak Okullar’ senaryolarıyla yüksek düzeyde örtüşmektedir. Çalışma, politika belgelerinin güncellenmesini, öğretmenlerin rollerinin yeniden tanımlanmasını, sendikaların katkılarının kurumsallaştırılmasını ve OECD senaryolarının yerel bağlamda uyarlanmasını önermektedir. Bu sayede KKTC eğitim sistemi, öngörülemeyen kriz koşullarına karşı daha dirençli hale getirilebilir.

References

  • Bayyurt, Y., & Seggie, F. N. (2018). Nitel araştırma yöntem, teknik, analiz ve yaklaşımları. Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Brossard, M., Cardoso, M., Kamei, A., Mishra, S., Mizunoya, S., & Reuge, N. (2020). Parental engagement in children’s learning: Insights for remote learning response during COVID-19 [Innocenti Research Brief]. https://www.unicef.org/innocenti/documents/parental-engagement-childrens-learning
  • Bowen, G. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
  • Creswell, J. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Pearson Education Inc.
  • Daniel, J. (2020). Education and the Covid-19 pandemic. Prospects, 49, 91-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-020-09464-3
  • Egeli, S., & Özdemir, M. B. (2020). Koronavirüs (Covid-19) pandemi sürecinin KKTC eğitim sistemine yansımalarına genel bir bakış. 21. Yüzyılda Eğitim ve Toplum Eğitim Bilimleri ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(27), 779-804.
  • Elmore, R. F. (2019). The future of learning and the future of assessment. ECNU Review of Education, 2(3), 329-345. https://doi.org/10.1177/2096531119878962
  • Ergin, İ., Akkaya, B., & Çelik, S. A. (2023). Türkiye, KKTC ve Türk Dünyası devletlerinin yükseköğretim ve hayat boyu öğretim sistemleri. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 43(1), 263-305. https://doi.org/10.17152/gefad.1214106
  • Erden, H., & Erden, A. (2019). KKTC eğitim sisteminde yaşanan güncel sorunlar. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 9(2), 282-303. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/792374
  • Fuerth, L., & Faber, E. (2012). Anticipatory governance practical upgrades: Equipping the executive branch to cope with increasing speed and complexity of major challenges. Institute for National Strategic Studies.
  • Geylan, D. (2021, November 23). Yüz yüze eğitimi önemsiyor musunuz? Kıbrıs Türk Orta Eğitim Öğretmenler Sendikası (KTOEÖS). https://www.ktoeos.org/yuz-yuze-egitimi-onemsiyor-musunuz/
  • Karahanoğlu, S. (2015). KKTC eğitim sistemindeki güncel sorunların öğretmenlerin görüşlerine göre değerlendirilmesi[Yüksek lisans tezi, Yakındoğu Üniversitesi]. YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
  • Karasar, N. (2020). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar, ilkeler, teknikler (35. baskı). Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kendir, G., & Güneyli, A. (2021). KKTC’deki göçmen öğrenci velilerinin eğitime ilişkin görüşleri. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 50(1), 991-1012. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.959268
  • Kendir, G., Hoşsöz, F., & Aykulu, A. (2024). Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’nde göç ve eğitim temelinde bir değerlendirme. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler ve Sanat Araştırmaları, 3(1), 80-93. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4276585
  • Kıbrıs Türk Orta Eğitim Öğretmenler Sendikası (KTOEÖS). (2025). https://www.ktoeos.org/hakkimizda/
  • Kıbrıs Türk Öğretmenler Sendikası (KTÖS). (2025). http://ktos.org
  • Kıbrıs Türk Öğretmenler Sendikası. (2025, July 8). KTÖS’ten kadro eksikliğine eylemli tepki. Mağusa Haber Ajansı. https://www.mhahaber.com/ktosten-kadro-eksikligine-eylemli-tepki
  • Kioupi, V., & Voulvoulis, N. (2019). Education for sustainable development: A systemic framework for connecting the SDGs to educational outcomes. Sustainability, 11(6104), 1-18.https://doi.org/10.3390/su11216104
  • Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti Milli Eğitim Yasası. (1986). KKTC Resmî Gazete, 51. http://www.mebnet.net/sites/default/files/yasalar/17-1986.pdf
  • Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti Öğretmenler Yasası. (1985). KKTC Resmî Gazete. https://khk.gov.ct.tr/Portals/29/ogretmenleryasas.pdf
  • Levin, B. (1998). An epidemic of educational policy: What can we learn from each other? Comparative Education, 34(2), 131-142. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050069828234
  • Lewin, K. M. (2019). The sustainable development goals for education: Commonwealth perspectives and opportunities. The Round Table, 108(4), 367-382. https://doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2019.1634888
  • Merriam, S. B., & Grenier, R. S. (Eds.). (2019). Qualitative research in practice: Examples for discussion and analysis(2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Miles, M., & Huberman, M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis. Sage Publications.
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2001a). Scenarios for the future of schooling. OECD.https://www.oecd.org/education/back-to-the-future-s-of-education-178ef527-en.htm
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2021b). Global scenarios 2035: Exploring implications for the future of global collaboration and the OECD. OECD Publishing.
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2020). Back to the future of education: Four OECD scenarios for schooling. OECD. https://www.oecd.org/education/back-to-the-future-s-of-education-178ef527-en.htm
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2022). Education at a glance 2022: OECD indicators. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/education-at-a-glance-2022_3197152b-en.html
  • Özgür Gazete. (2021, February 1). KTÖS, örgütlü bulunduğu okullarda uzaktan eğitim ile ilgili çalışma yaptı. https://ozgurgazetekibris.com/kibris/22478-ktos-orgutlu-bulundugu-okullarda-uzaktan-egitim-ile-ilgili-calisma-yapti.html
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Reimers, F. M. (2022). Primary and secondary education during COVID-19: Disruptions and responses. In F. M. Reimers (Ed.), Primary and secondary education during COVID-19: Disruptions to educational opportunity during a pandemic(pp. 1-37). Springer.
  • Reimers, F. M., & Schleicher, A. (2020). A framework to guide an education response to the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020. OECD. https://www.oecd.org/.../a-framework-to-guide-an-education-response-to-the-covid-19-pandemic-of-2020_a5bcbd8a/6ae21003-en.pdf
  • Reuge, N., Jenkins, R., Brossard, M., Soobrayan, B., Mizunoya, S., Ackers, J., ... & Taulo, W. G. (2021). Education response to COVID-19 pandemic: A special issue proposed by UNICEF. International Journal of Educational Development, 87, 102485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102485
  • Rizvi, F., & Lingard, B. (2009). Globalizing education policy. Routledge.
  • Sahlberg, P. (2021). Finnish lessons 3.0: What can the world learn from educational change in Finland? Teachers College Press.
  • Schleicher, A. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on education: Insights from Education at a Glance 2020. OECD Publishing. https://www.improvingthestudentexperience.com/library/covid19/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-education-insights-education-at-a-glance-2020.pdf
  • Spada, A., Fiore, M., & Galati, A. (2024). The impact of education and culture on poverty reduction: Evidence from panel data of European countries. Social Indicators Research, 175(3), 927-940. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-023-03155-0
  • Spring, J. (2015). Globalization of education: An introduction. Routledge. Türkiye Ekonomi Politikaları Araştırma Vakfı (TEPAV). (2012). KKTC Milli Eğitim Gençlik ve Spor Bakanlığı kurumsal ve fonksiyonel analizi. Fokus.
  • UN Women. (2025, April 21). Explainer: How gender inequality and climate change are interconnected. https://www.unwomen.org/en/articles/explainer/how-gender-inequality-and-climate-change-are-interconnected
  • United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). (2021). Building resilient education systems beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.https://www.unicef.org/eca/media/17306/file/Building%20resilient%20education%20systems%20beyond%20the%20COVID-19%20Pandemic_%202021.pdf
  • United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/21252030%20Agenda%20for%20Sustainable%20Development%20web.pdf
  • United Nations. (2020). Transforming education through COVID-19 disruptions: A policy brief. https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/08/sg_policy_brief_covid-19_and_education_august_2020.pdf
  • Uysal, M., & Çağanağa, Ç. K. (2022). Opinions of teachers on distance education applications in English language teaching policies in Northern Cyprus during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 868198. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.868198
  • World Bank. (2023). Education overview: Reducing poverty and boosting prosperity through learning. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/education/overview
  • Yüce, E. (2022). The immediate reactions of EFL learners towards total digitalization at higher education during the Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 15(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.939836
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Education Management
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Merve Uysal 0000-0003-3430-0194

Submission Date July 30, 2025
Acceptance Date October 31, 2025
Publication Date December 22, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Uysal, M. (2025). KRİZLERİN GÖLGESİNDE KUZEY KIBRIS TÜRK CUMHURİYETİ’NDE EĞİTİMİN DÖNÜŞÜMÜ: GELECEĞİN OKUL MODELLERİ İÇİN ALTERNATİF SENARYOLAR. Eğitim Yönetimi Ve Politikaları Dergisi, 6(2), 55-71.