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KÜRESELLEŞME, KÜRESELLEŞME KARŞITLIĞI VE İNGİLİZCE: NEREDEYİZ, NEREYE GİDİYORUZ?

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 14 - 36, 05.07.2024

Abstract

Küreselleşme, ülkeler arasında özellikle ekonomi, siyaset ve kültür alanlarında artan karşılıklı bağlılık sürecidir. Küreselleşmeyi mümkün kılan şey, insanların ve nesnelerin hareket etme ve iletişim kurma kapasitelerinin ve verimliliklerinin sürekli artmasıdır. Ancak 1999 yılında "Seattle buluşması" olarak bilinen ve Dünya Ticaret Örgütü zirvesini protesto için yapılan eylemlerden sonra bütün dünyada ciddi anlamda bir küreselleşme karşıtlığı başlamış ve bu durum devam etmektedir.

Batılı anlamda küreselleşme İngilizce sayesinde mümkün olmuştur. Bu durum da birçok ülkede eğitim, iş ve pek çok diğer sektörün dili olarak İngilizcenin hâkim ve uluslararası iletişim dili olmasına yol açmıştır.

Bu makalede, küreselleşmenin, küreselleşme karşıtlığının ve başta İngilizce olmak üzere yabancı dil öğretimi/öğreniminin mevcut durumu ile birlikte geleceğe yönelik vizyon paylaşılmaktadır.

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Thanks

Yazım kontrolü yapan Sebahattin Dilek'e Teşekkür ederim.

References

  • 1999 Seattle WTO protests. (19 November 2021‎). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Seattle_WTO_protests/sitesi den erişildi.
  • A brief history of the English language (T.Y.). College of English Language. www.englishcollege.com/sitesinden erişildi.
  • A Dictionary of the English Language. (27 May 2002‎). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Altan, M.Z. (2010). ELT Major University Students’ Beliefs on the Role of English, Globalization and Global English. In Gagliardi, C, Maley, A. (Eds). EIL, ELF, Global English: Teaching and Learning Issues. Bern: Peter Lang AG.
  • Altan, M.Z. (2017). Globalization, English Language Teaching and Turkey. International Journal of Languages' Education and Teaching, 5, 764-776.
  • Altan, M.Z. (2019) Türkiye’nin Eğitim Çıkmazı Girişimci Öğretim Girişimci Öğretmen. (3. Baskı). PEGEM.
  • Altan, M.Z. (2024). Profesyonel Öğretmenlik. Akademisyen Yayınevi.
  • Aiyar, S., Ilyina, A., & others (2023). Geoeconomic Fragmentation and the Future of Multilateralism. Staff Discussion Note SDN/2023/001. International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC.
  • Attinasi, M.G., Boeckelmann, L. and Meunier, B. (2023). Friend-shoring global value chains: a model based assessment. Published as part of the ECB Economic Bulletin, Issue 2/2023, www.ecb.europa.eu/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Barclays. (2022). The acceleration of deglobalisation, www.ib.barclays/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Bertucci, G., Alberti, A. (2003). Globalization and the Role of the State: Challenges and Perspectives. In Reinventing Government for the Twenty-first Century. State Capacity in a Globalizing Society. Kumarian Press.
  • Bohara, L. B. (2018). Global Language: Status, Scope and Challenges. Journal of NeltaSurkhet, 5, 89-96. https://doi.org/10.3126/jns.v5i0.19494
  • Britannica, Discover the history and development of dictionaries, www.britannica.com/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • British Council. (2013). The English Effect: The impact of English, what it’s worth to the UK and why it matters to the world, https://www.britishcouncil.org/sites/default/files/english effect reportv2.pdf/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Carnoy, M., Rhoten, D. (2002). What Does Globalization Mean For Educational Change: A Comparative Study. Comparative Education Review, 46, (1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1086/324053
  • Chang, H. J. (2002). Globalisation, Economic Development & the Role of the State. Zed Books.
  • Chatham House (12 October 2022). What is deglobalization? www.chathamhouse.org/ sitesinden erişildi
  • Chomsky, N. (2017). Myths of Globalization., https://chomsky.info/20170705/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Crystal, D. (1997). English as a global language. Cambridge University Press.
  • Cusack, C. (2001). The End of Religions? Religion in an Age of Globalization. Sydney Studies in Religion.
  • Deglobalization. (2018, January 15). Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deglobalization&acti n=history/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Dollar, D., & Kraay, A. (2002). Growth Is Good for the Poor. Journal of Economic Growth, 7(3), 195-225.
  • Dollar, D., & Kraay, A. (2004). Trade, Growth, and Poverty. The Economic Journal, 114 (493), 22–49. Encyclopedia of Education. (2002). Globalization of Education, www.encyclopedia.com/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Esperanto. (2001, November 3‎). Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=hi tory&dir=prev
  • European Comission (2021). COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT, Strategic dependencies and capacities, https://commission.europa.eu/system/files/2021-05/swd-strategic dependenciescapacitiesen.pdf/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Feder, J.B. (July 6, 2006). Theodore Levitt, Who Coined the Term 'Globalization,' Is Dead. 11. New York Times, www.nytimes.com/ sitesinden erişildi. First globalization, (18 April 2014‎). Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_globalization/sitesinden erişildi.
  • Fox, J. (2001). Chomsky and Globalisation (Postmodern Encounters). Icon Books.
  • Frazer, N. (Sun 2 Nov 2014). How the World Was Won: The Americanization of Everywhere review –a brilliant essay. The Guardian, www.theguardian.com/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Graddol, D. (1997). The future of English? British Council.
  • Giddens, A. (2000). Runaway world: How globalization is shaping our lives. Rutledge.
  • Gitnux (December, 2023). Must-Know Globalization Statistics [Latest Report], https://gitnux.org/globalization-statistics/sitesinden erişildi.
  • Hopkins, A. G. (ed.). (2002). Globalization in World History. W. W. Norton.
  • IFOP. (2012, April). Les Franc¸ais, le Protectionnisme et le Libre Echange, Vague 2, www.ifop.com/sitesinden erişildi.
  • International Monetary Fund (IMF). (2007). World Economic Outlook, October 2007: Globalization and Inequality, www.imf.org/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • International Monetary Fund (IMF). (2008). Globalization: A Brief Overview, www.imf.org/sitesinden erişildi.
  • International Monetary Fund (IMF). (OCTOBER 2023). NAVIGATING GLOBAL DIVERGENCES, www.imf.org/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Lerche III, Charles O. (1998). The Conflicts of Globalization. International Journal of Peace Studies, 3(1), January, 47-66.
  • Levitt, T. (May 1983). The Globalization of Markets. Harvard Bussiness Review, https://hbr.org/1983/05/the globalization-of-markets/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Marshall Plan. (23 August 2001‎). Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Plan/sitesinden erişildi.
  • Mazlish, B. (2011). Ruptures in History. Historically Speaking, 12 (3), 32-33. https://doi.org/10.1353/hsp.2011.0044
  • McAuley, J. (10 March 2018). ‘Let them call you racists’: Steve Bannon delivers fighting speech to France’s National Front. The Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/ sitesinden erişildi. National Geographic. Globalization, https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/globalization/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Nunan, D. (Winter, 2003). The Impact of English as a Global Language on Educational Policies and Practices in the Asia-Pacific Region. TESOL Quarterly, 37 (4), 589-613. https://doi.org/10.2307/3588214
  • O’Rourke, K. H., and Williamson, J. G. (1999). Globalisation and History: The Evolution of a Nineteenth-century Atlantic Economy. MIT Press.
  • Patel, M., Solly, M. & Copeland, S. (2023). In O’Sullivan, B. & Jin, Y. (Eds.). The Future of English: Global Perspectives. British Council., https://www.britishcouncil.org/future-of english/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Raja, S.G. (2012). The impact of english language on contemporary world: A global perspective. Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research, 1(4), 146- 155.
  • Sahlberg, P. (2006). Education reform for raising economic competitiveness. Journal of Educational Change, 7 (4), 259-287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-005-4884-6
  • Salmon Pandarangga. (2015). The transformation of english as a global language in the world. Lingua, 10 (2), 90-96. https://doi.org/10.18860/ling.v10i2.3132
  • Schulze, T., Soderberg, G. and Trevino, J.P. (2023). Geoeconomic Fragmentation and the Future of Multilateralism. Staff Discussion Notes, No 2023/001. IMF Staff Discussion Notes, www.imf.org/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Sen. A. (JANUARY 5, 2002). How to Judge Globalism, https://prospect.org/features/judge-globalism/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Seong J., White O., Woetzel J., Smit S., Devesa T., Birshan M. And Samandari H. (2022). Global Flows: The Ties that Bind in an Interconnected World. Discussion Papers, McKinsey Global Institute, McKinsey & Company and European Investment Bank, www.mckinsey.com/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Stiglitz, J.E. (2002). Globalization and Its Discontents. Norton.
  • Suleymanova, G. (2019). Integration of the english language and ict in the process of globalization, Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research, 8 (5), 328-333. https://doi.org/10.5958/2278 4853.2019.00209.X
  • Tam, K.K. (2019). Conclusion: Globalization as Englishization. In: The Englishized Subject. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2520-5_12
  • The Economist. (Special reports, September, 2001). Globalisation and its critics, www.economist.com/sitesinden erişildi.
  • Trump, D. (2017). President Trump Addresses the 72nd Session of the UN General Assembly. YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyttM9EnObc/ sitesinden erişilmiştir.
  • United Nation (UN). (New York, 8-9 November 2001). Report of the Expert Group Meeting Globalization and Poverty Reduction: Can the Rural Poor Benefit from Globalization? www.un.org/ sitesinden erişilmiştir.
  • UNDP (2008). Human Development Report 2007/2008: Fighting Climate Change: Human Solidarity in a Divided World, www.undp.org/ sitesinden erişilmiştir.
  • Volle, A. (2024, February 16). Globalization. Encyclopedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/money/globalization/sitesinden erişildi.
  • Wallraff, B. (2000, November). What global language? The Atlantic. World Social Forum (January 13 2022). Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Social_Forum/

GLOBALIZATION, ANTI-GLOBALIZATION AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE: WHERE ARE WE, WHERE ARE WE HEADING?

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 14 - 36, 05.07.2024

Abstract

Globalization is the process of increasing interdependence between countries, especially in the fields of economy, politics and culture. What makes globalization possible is the ever-increasing capacity and efficiency with which people and things move and communicate. However, after the protests against the World Trade Organization summit in 1999, known as the "Seattle meeting", a serious anti-globalization movement began all over the world and continues to this day.

Globalization in the Western sense has been made possible by English. This has led to English becoming the dominant and international language of communication in many countries as the language of education, business and many other sectors.

In this article, the current state of globalization, anti-globalization and foreign language teaching/learning, especially English, and the vision for the future are shared.

Project Number

-

References

  • 1999 Seattle WTO protests. (19 November 2021‎). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Seattle_WTO_protests/sitesi den erişildi.
  • A brief history of the English language (T.Y.). College of English Language. www.englishcollege.com/sitesinden erişildi.
  • A Dictionary of the English Language. (27 May 2002‎). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Altan, M.Z. (2010). ELT Major University Students’ Beliefs on the Role of English, Globalization and Global English. In Gagliardi, C, Maley, A. (Eds). EIL, ELF, Global English: Teaching and Learning Issues. Bern: Peter Lang AG.
  • Altan, M.Z. (2017). Globalization, English Language Teaching and Turkey. International Journal of Languages' Education and Teaching, 5, 764-776.
  • Altan, M.Z. (2019) Türkiye’nin Eğitim Çıkmazı Girişimci Öğretim Girişimci Öğretmen. (3. Baskı). PEGEM.
  • Altan, M.Z. (2024). Profesyonel Öğretmenlik. Akademisyen Yayınevi.
  • Aiyar, S., Ilyina, A., & others (2023). Geoeconomic Fragmentation and the Future of Multilateralism. Staff Discussion Note SDN/2023/001. International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC.
  • Attinasi, M.G., Boeckelmann, L. and Meunier, B. (2023). Friend-shoring global value chains: a model based assessment. Published as part of the ECB Economic Bulletin, Issue 2/2023, www.ecb.europa.eu/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Barclays. (2022). The acceleration of deglobalisation, www.ib.barclays/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Bertucci, G., Alberti, A. (2003). Globalization and the Role of the State: Challenges and Perspectives. In Reinventing Government for the Twenty-first Century. State Capacity in a Globalizing Society. Kumarian Press.
  • Bohara, L. B. (2018). Global Language: Status, Scope and Challenges. Journal of NeltaSurkhet, 5, 89-96. https://doi.org/10.3126/jns.v5i0.19494
  • Britannica, Discover the history and development of dictionaries, www.britannica.com/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • British Council. (2013). The English Effect: The impact of English, what it’s worth to the UK and why it matters to the world, https://www.britishcouncil.org/sites/default/files/english effect reportv2.pdf/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Carnoy, M., Rhoten, D. (2002). What Does Globalization Mean For Educational Change: A Comparative Study. Comparative Education Review, 46, (1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1086/324053
  • Chang, H. J. (2002). Globalisation, Economic Development & the Role of the State. Zed Books.
  • Chatham House (12 October 2022). What is deglobalization? www.chathamhouse.org/ sitesinden erişildi
  • Chomsky, N. (2017). Myths of Globalization., https://chomsky.info/20170705/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Crystal, D. (1997). English as a global language. Cambridge University Press.
  • Cusack, C. (2001). The End of Religions? Religion in an Age of Globalization. Sydney Studies in Religion.
  • Deglobalization. (2018, January 15). Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deglobalization&acti n=history/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Dollar, D., & Kraay, A. (2002). Growth Is Good for the Poor. Journal of Economic Growth, 7(3), 195-225.
  • Dollar, D., & Kraay, A. (2004). Trade, Growth, and Poverty. The Economic Journal, 114 (493), 22–49. Encyclopedia of Education. (2002). Globalization of Education, www.encyclopedia.com/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Esperanto. (2001, November 3‎). Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Esperanto&action=hi tory&dir=prev
  • European Comission (2021). COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT, Strategic dependencies and capacities, https://commission.europa.eu/system/files/2021-05/swd-strategic dependenciescapacitiesen.pdf/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Feder, J.B. (July 6, 2006). Theodore Levitt, Who Coined the Term 'Globalization,' Is Dead. 11. New York Times, www.nytimes.com/ sitesinden erişildi. First globalization, (18 April 2014‎). Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_globalization/sitesinden erişildi.
  • Fox, J. (2001). Chomsky and Globalisation (Postmodern Encounters). Icon Books.
  • Frazer, N. (Sun 2 Nov 2014). How the World Was Won: The Americanization of Everywhere review –a brilliant essay. The Guardian, www.theguardian.com/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Graddol, D. (1997). The future of English? British Council.
  • Giddens, A. (2000). Runaway world: How globalization is shaping our lives. Rutledge.
  • Gitnux (December, 2023). Must-Know Globalization Statistics [Latest Report], https://gitnux.org/globalization-statistics/sitesinden erişildi.
  • Hopkins, A. G. (ed.). (2002). Globalization in World History. W. W. Norton.
  • IFOP. (2012, April). Les Franc¸ais, le Protectionnisme et le Libre Echange, Vague 2, www.ifop.com/sitesinden erişildi.
  • International Monetary Fund (IMF). (2007). World Economic Outlook, October 2007: Globalization and Inequality, www.imf.org/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • International Monetary Fund (IMF). (2008). Globalization: A Brief Overview, www.imf.org/sitesinden erişildi.
  • International Monetary Fund (IMF). (OCTOBER 2023). NAVIGATING GLOBAL DIVERGENCES, www.imf.org/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Lerche III, Charles O. (1998). The Conflicts of Globalization. International Journal of Peace Studies, 3(1), January, 47-66.
  • Levitt, T. (May 1983). The Globalization of Markets. Harvard Bussiness Review, https://hbr.org/1983/05/the globalization-of-markets/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Marshall Plan. (23 August 2001‎). Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Plan/sitesinden erişildi.
  • Mazlish, B. (2011). Ruptures in History. Historically Speaking, 12 (3), 32-33. https://doi.org/10.1353/hsp.2011.0044
  • McAuley, J. (10 March 2018). ‘Let them call you racists’: Steve Bannon delivers fighting speech to France’s National Front. The Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/ sitesinden erişildi. National Geographic. Globalization, https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/globalization/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Nunan, D. (Winter, 2003). The Impact of English as a Global Language on Educational Policies and Practices in the Asia-Pacific Region. TESOL Quarterly, 37 (4), 589-613. https://doi.org/10.2307/3588214
  • O’Rourke, K. H., and Williamson, J. G. (1999). Globalisation and History: The Evolution of a Nineteenth-century Atlantic Economy. MIT Press.
  • Patel, M., Solly, M. & Copeland, S. (2023). In O’Sullivan, B. & Jin, Y. (Eds.). The Future of English: Global Perspectives. British Council., https://www.britishcouncil.org/future-of english/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Raja, S.G. (2012). The impact of english language on contemporary world: A global perspective. Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research, 1(4), 146- 155.
  • Sahlberg, P. (2006). Education reform for raising economic competitiveness. Journal of Educational Change, 7 (4), 259-287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-005-4884-6
  • Salmon Pandarangga. (2015). The transformation of english as a global language in the world. Lingua, 10 (2), 90-96. https://doi.org/10.18860/ling.v10i2.3132
  • Schulze, T., Soderberg, G. and Trevino, J.P. (2023). Geoeconomic Fragmentation and the Future of Multilateralism. Staff Discussion Notes, No 2023/001. IMF Staff Discussion Notes, www.imf.org/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Sen. A. (JANUARY 5, 2002). How to Judge Globalism, https://prospect.org/features/judge-globalism/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Seong J., White O., Woetzel J., Smit S., Devesa T., Birshan M. And Samandari H. (2022). Global Flows: The Ties that Bind in an Interconnected World. Discussion Papers, McKinsey Global Institute, McKinsey & Company and European Investment Bank, www.mckinsey.com/ sitesinden erişildi.
  • Stiglitz, J.E. (2002). Globalization and Its Discontents. Norton.
  • Suleymanova, G. (2019). Integration of the english language and ict in the process of globalization, Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research, 8 (5), 328-333. https://doi.org/10.5958/2278 4853.2019.00209.X
  • Tam, K.K. (2019). Conclusion: Globalization as Englishization. In: The Englishized Subject. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2520-5_12
  • The Economist. (Special reports, September, 2001). Globalisation and its critics, www.economist.com/sitesinden erişildi.
  • Trump, D. (2017). President Trump Addresses the 72nd Session of the UN General Assembly. YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyttM9EnObc/ sitesinden erişilmiştir.
  • United Nation (UN). (New York, 8-9 November 2001). Report of the Expert Group Meeting Globalization and Poverty Reduction: Can the Rural Poor Benefit from Globalization? www.un.org/ sitesinden erişilmiştir.
  • UNDP (2008). Human Development Report 2007/2008: Fighting Climate Change: Human Solidarity in a Divided World, www.undp.org/ sitesinden erişilmiştir.
  • Volle, A. (2024, February 16). Globalization. Encyclopedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/money/globalization/sitesinden erişildi.
  • Wallraff, B. (2000, November). What global language? The Atlantic. World Social Forum (January 13 2022). Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Social_Forum/
There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Specialist Studies in Education (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mustafa Zülküf Altan 0000-0001-9391-5856

Project Number -
Publication Date July 5, 2024
Submission Date April 21, 2024
Acceptance Date June 30, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Altan, M. Z. (2024). KÜRESELLEŞME, KÜRESELLEŞME KARŞITLIĞI VE İNGİLİZCE: NEREDEYİZ, NEREYE GİDİYORUZ?. Eğitimde Yeni Yaklaşımlar Dergisi, 7(1), 14-36.
AMA Altan MZ. KÜRESELLEŞME, KÜRESELLEŞME KARŞITLIĞI VE İNGİLİZCE: NEREDEYİZ, NEREYE GİDİYORUZ?. EYYAD. July 2024;7(1):14-36.
Chicago Altan, Mustafa Zülküf. “KÜRESELLEŞME, KÜRESELLEŞME KARŞITLIĞI VE İNGİLİZCE: NEREDEYİZ, NEREYE GİDİYORUZ?”. Eğitimde Yeni Yaklaşımlar Dergisi 7, no. 1 (July 2024): 14-36.
EndNote Altan MZ (July 1, 2024) KÜRESELLEŞME, KÜRESELLEŞME KARŞITLIĞI VE İNGİLİZCE: NEREDEYİZ, NEREYE GİDİYORUZ?. Eğitimde Yeni Yaklaşımlar Dergisi 7 1 14–36.
IEEE M. Z. Altan, “KÜRESELLEŞME, KÜRESELLEŞME KARŞITLIĞI VE İNGİLİZCE: NEREDEYİZ, NEREYE GİDİYORUZ?”, EYYAD, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 14–36, 2024.
ISNAD Altan, Mustafa Zülküf. “KÜRESELLEŞME, KÜRESELLEŞME KARŞITLIĞI VE İNGİLİZCE: NEREDEYİZ, NEREYE GİDİYORUZ?”. Eğitimde Yeni Yaklaşımlar Dergisi 7/1 (July 2024), 14-36.
JAMA Altan MZ. KÜRESELLEŞME, KÜRESELLEŞME KARŞITLIĞI VE İNGİLİZCE: NEREDEYİZ, NEREYE GİDİYORUZ?. EYYAD. 2024;7:14–36.
MLA Altan, Mustafa Zülküf. “KÜRESELLEŞME, KÜRESELLEŞME KARŞITLIĞI VE İNGİLİZCE: NEREDEYİZ, NEREYE GİDİYORUZ?”. Eğitimde Yeni Yaklaşımlar Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 1, 2024, pp. 14-36.
Vancouver Altan MZ. KÜRESELLEŞME, KÜRESELLEŞME KARŞITLIĞI VE İNGİLİZCE: NEREDEYİZ, NEREYE GİDİYORUZ?. EYYAD. 2024;7(1):14-36.