Molecular Systematic Evaluation Of Some Invertebrate Species

Year 2016, Volume: 1 Issue: 5, 1 - 10, 01.06.2016

Mehmet Ali Kırpık Yağmur Yıldız

Abstract

In systematic studies, similarities and differences between the taxa should be fully expressed. With the rapid progress of molecular biology and many techniques used in this area, new data has been obtained in determining the diversity between species and populations. Thanks to this data that was obtained using molecular techniques has begun to show more clear information about the differences in the molecular levels between the living things. Natural protection of species and populations can only be achieved by conserving genetic diversity. Molecular data, which is extremely important in systematic studies, is based on a variety of genetic markers. Genetic markers contribute to the identification of species that are difficult to distinguish from one another using a variety of morphological characters. Phylogenetic comparison can be made by calculating nucleotide differences in specific regions of genomes of species or taxa, and phylogenetic trees can be created on this basis. By calculating the branch lengths of the phylogenetic trees formed in this way, it can be estimated how long ago the species differed and it is possible to predict the evolutionary relationships between species in a timely manner. At the same time, important data are obtained about the evolutionary processes causing the speciation and speciation by using molecular techniques and the functioning of these processes. The data obtained from the studies made with molecular systematic methods are summarized, taking into consideration the cases about the identification of the species for invertebrates is difficult

Keywords

Invertebrates, molecular systematic, taxonomy, phylogeny

Bazı Omurgasız Türlerinin Moleküler Sistematik Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Sistematik çalışmalarda taksonlar arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıkların tam olarak ifade edilebilmesi gerekmektedir. Moleküler biyoloji ve bu alanda kullanılan bir çok tekniğin hızlı bir şekilde ilerlemesi ile birlikte, türler ve populasyonlar arasındaki çeşitliliğin belirlenmesinde yeni veriler elde edilmiştir. Moleküler teknikler kullanılarak elde edilen bu veriler sayesinde canlılar arasındaki moleküler düzeydeki farklılıklar daha net olarak ifade edilmeye başlanmıştır. Türlerin ve populasyonların doğal olarak korunması ancak genetik çeşitliliğin korunmasıyla sağlanabilmektedir. Sistematik çalışmalarda son derece önemli olan moleküler veriler, çeşitli genetik markırlara dayanılarak gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu genetik markırlar çeşitli morfolojik karakterler kullanılarak birbirinden ayrılması güç olan türlerin teşhisindeki çalışmalara katkı sağlamaktadır. Türlerin veya taksonların genomlarındaki belirli bölgelerin nükleotid farklılıkların hesaplanmasıyla filogenetik olarak karşılaştırma yapılabilir ve bu sayede filogenetik ağaçlar oluşturulabilir. Bu yolla oluşturulan filogenetik ağaçların dal uzunlukları hesaplanarak türlerin ne kadar zaman önce farklılaştıkları tahmin edilebildiği gibi türler arasındaki evrimsel ilişkileri zamansal olarak tahmin etmekde mümkündür. Aynı zamanda moleküler teknikler kullanarak türleşme ve türleşmeye neden olan evrimsel süreçler ve bu süreçlerin işleyişi hakkında önemli veriler elde edilmektedir. Burada omurgasızlar için tür tespitinde teşhisin güç olduğu durumlar da göz önünde bulundurularak, moleküler sistematik yöntemlerle yapılmış çalışmalardan elde edilen veriler özetlenmiştir

Keywords

Omurgasızlar, moleküler sistematik, taksonomi, filogeni

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