Türkiye’de Doğal Yayılış Gösteren Bazı Pistacia L. Türlerinin ITS Gen Bölgesi Kullanılarak Dünya’da ki Diğer Türlerle Moleküler Filogenetik İlişkilerinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 10, 59 - 68, 01.12.2018

Mevlüde Alev Ateş Zeynep Yıldırım Duygu Yağan

Abstract

Pistacia L. türleri Anacardiaceae Sakızağacıgiller familyasına ait, bazen her dem yeşil olan bazen de yaprak döken, boyu 5-15 m’ye kadar ulaşabilen dioik ve küçük ağaç özelliği gösteren bitkilerdir. Özellikle Pistacia vera Antep Fıstığı ’nın yetiştirilme alanı açısından Türkiye, Dünya’da stratejik bir konuma sahiptir. Pistacia vera’nın bazı durumlarda Pistacia L. cinsine ait türlerden aşılama yapılarak üretilmesi, türler arasındaki hibridizasyonu hızlandırmış ve karışık bir filogenetik ilişkiyi ortaya çıkarmıştır. Günümüzde ITS gen bölgesi hızlı çoğaltılabilir ve sayıca kopyasının çok olması sebebiyle moleküler filogenetik ilişkilendirme çalışmalarında sıklıkla kullanılan bir bölge olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Dünya’da çeşitli alanlarda yayılış gösteren Pistacia L. türlerinin filogenetik ilişkileri anlamlandırılmaya çalışıldı. NCBI veribankasından alınan 13 türün ITS gen bölgelerine ait sekanslar MEGA programı vasıtasıyla analiz edilmiş ve BEAST paket programları kullanılarak da filogenetik ilişki ağacı çizdirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler ışığında çizdirilen filogenetik ağaçta Dünya’daki Pistacia L. türlerinin birbirine olan genetik mesafeleri belirlemiş ve türler arası akrabalık dereceleri ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Sonuç olarak bu genetik mesafeler gelecekte yapılacak klasik ıslah çalışmalarına destekleyici ve kolaylaştırıcı bilgiler içermektedir

Keywords

Pistacia L., BEAST, ITS, moleküler filogenetik, taksonomi

Molecular Phylogenetic Relationships of Some Pistacia L. species Native to Turkey and the World Based on ITS Gene Region

Abstract

Pistacia L. species which belongs to Anacardiaceae Sakızağacıgiller family are sometimes evergreen sometimes deciduous trees that are 5-15cm long. Turkey has an important role in the World for producing Pistacia vera. In many situations wild Pistacia species were used as a fertilizer of Pistacia vera cultivars. So, this kind of applications would support hybridizations among species. Therefore, complex phylogenetic relationships were obtained within Pistacia L. species. Especially ITS region was mostly preferred for molecular phylogenetic studies due to its highly repeated in number in plant genomes and large copy numbers that support PCR amplification. In the current study, some Pistacia L. species were studied to clarify genetic relationships belong genus members through the World. Related sequences were obtained from NCBI database and statistics were analyzed in MEGA X software. Phylogenetic tree was constructed via BEAST program package. According to the analysis, all genetic relationships of Pistacia L species were indicated, and all genetic similarities were clarified. Consecutively, all these molecular genetic distances would be used with classical methods in order to support breeding strategies of Pistacia L. species

Keywords

Pistacia L., BEAST, ITS, molecular phylogeny, taxonomy

References

• Aliakbarkhani, S. T., Akbari, M., Hassankhah, A., Talaie, A., and Moghadam, M. F. ,2015. Phenotypic and genotypic variation in Iranian Pistachios. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 13(2), 235-241.
• AL-Saghir M. G. 2009. Evolutionary history of the genus Pistacia (Anacardiaceae). International Journal of Botany, 5(3), 255-257.
• AL-Saghir, M. G. 2010. Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Pistacia L.(Anacardiaceae) based on morphological data. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 9(1), 28.
• AL-Yafi, J. 1978. New characters differentiating Pistacia atlantica subspecies. Candollea.
• Aznarte-Mellado, C., Sola-Campoy, P. J., Robles, F., Rejón, C. R., de la Herrán, R., Navajas- Pérez, R. 2014. Molecular characterization of the interspecific hybrid Pistacia vigros (P. vera L.× P. atlantica Desf.). Scientia Horticulturae, 179, 180-183.
• Barazani, O., Dudai, N., and Golan-Goldhirsh, A. , 2003. Comparison of Mediterranean Pistacia lentiscus genotypes by random amplified polymorphic DNA, chemical, and morphological analyses. Journal Of Chemical Ecology, 29(8), 1939-1952.
• Drummond, A. J., Suchard M. A., Xie D., Rambaut A.,2012. Bayesian phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7. Molecular Biology And Evolution, 29(8), 1969-1973.
• Edgar, R. C. 2004. MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research, 32(5): 1792-1797.
• Engler , A . 1936. Syllabus der Pfl anzenfamilien, vol 11. Gebriider Borntraeger, Berlin, Germany.
• El-Oqlah, A. A. 1996. Biosystematic research on the genus Pistacia in Jordan. In Taxonomy, distribution, conservation and uses of Pistacia genetic resources. Proceedings of the IPGRI Workshop (Vol. 29, pp. 12-19).
• Golan-Goldhirsh, A., Barazani, O., Wang, Z. S., Khadka, D. K., Saunders, J. A., Kostiukovsky, V., Rowland, L. J. ,2004. Genetic relationships among Mediterranean Pistacia species evaluated by RAPD and AFLP markers. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 246(1-2), 9- 18.
• Hamby, R. K., Zimmer E. A., Soltis P. S., Soltis D. E., and Doyle J. J., 1992. Molecular systematics of plants. Chapman and Hall, New York, 50-91.
• Kafkas, S., Kafkas, E., and Perl-Treves, R. ,2002. Morphological diversity and a germplasm survey of three wild Pistacia species in Turkey. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 49(3), 261-270.
• Kafkas, S., Khodaeiaminjan, M., Güney, M., and Kafkas, E., 2015. Identification of sex-linked SNP markers using RAD sequencing suggests ZW/ZZ sex determination in Pistacia vera L. BMC Genomics, 16(1), 98.
• Katsiotis, A., Hagidimitriou, M., Drossou, A., Pontikis, C., and Loukas, M. ,2003. Genetic relationships among species and cultivars of Pistacia using RAPDs and AFLPs. Euphytica, 132(3), 279-286.
• Kozhoridze, G., Orlovsky, N., Orlovsky, L., Blumberg, D. G., and Golan‐Goldhirsh, A., 2015. Geographic distribution and migration pathways of Pistacia–present, past and future. Ecography, 38(11), 1141-1154.
• Köroğlu, M., and Köksal, A. İ.,1998. Türkiye'de Yetiştirilen Bazı Antepfıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Çeşitlerinde Yağ Miktarı ve Yağ Asitlerinin Değişimi Üzerine Farklı Tozlayıcı Türlerin Etkileri. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 4(3), 24-29.
• Kumar, S., Stecher G., Li M ., Knyaz C., and Tamura K., 2018. MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution 35:1547-1549.
• Lee, W. K., Kim, M. J., Heo, K., 2004. Phylogeny of Korean Rhus spp. based on ITS and rbcL sequences. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science, 12(1), 60-66.
• Marengo, A., Piras, A., Falconieri, D., Porcedda, S., Caboni, P., Cortis, P., ... & Maxia, A. , 2018. Chemical and biomolecular analyses to discriminate three taxa of Pistacia genus from Sardinia Island (Italy) and their antifungal activity. Natural Product Research, 32(23), 2766-2774.
• Motalebipour, E. Z., Kafkas, S., Khodaeiaminjan, M., Çoban, N., Gözel, H. , 2016. Genome survey of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) by next generation sequencing: development of novel SSR markers and genetic diversity in Pistacia species. BMC Genomics, 17(1), 998.
• Parfitt, D. E., and Badenes, M. L. 1997. Phylogeny of the genus Pistacia as determined from analysis of the chloroplast genome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 94(15), 7987-7992.
• Rogers, S. O., and Bendich A.J., 1987. Ribosomal RNA genes in plants: variability in copy number and in the intergenic spacer. Plant Molecular Biology, 9(5), 509-520.
• Kafkas S., Selim Cetiner, G. D., Perl-Treves, R., Ada Nissim-Levi, A. N. ,2001. Development of sex-associated RAPD markers in wild Pistacia species. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 76(2), 242-246.
• Stevens, P. F. 2001. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008.
• Talebi, M., Akbari, M., Zamani, M., Sayed-Tabatabaei, B. E. ,2016. Molecular polymorphism in Pistacia vera L. using non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 14(1), 31-37.
• Xie, L., Yang, Z. Y., Wen, J., Li, D. Z., Yi, T. S., 2014. Biogeographic history of Pistacia (Anacardiaceae), emphasizing the evolution of the Madrean-Tethyan and the eastern Asian-Tethyan disjunctions. Molecular Phylogenetics And Evolution, 77, 136-146.
• Yaltirik, F. 1967. Anacardiaceae. Flora of Turkey, 2, 544-548.
• Yi, T., Wen, J., Golan‐Goldhirsh, A., Parfitt, D. E., 2008. Phylogenetics and reticulate evolution in Pistacia (Anacardiaceae). American Journal of Botany, 95(2), 241-251.
• Zohary, M. 1952. A monographical study of the genus Pistacia. Palestine Journal of Botany (Jerusalem Series), 5(4), 187-228.