Ethnobotanical study of the use of Plectranthus glandulosus in the Department of Lac-Lere-Chad

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 20, 55 - 63, 31.12.2023

Théophile Dessenbe

Abstract

Introduction: The traditional use of plants has always been an important part of practices in Chad. The Mayo Kebbi West region is a palpable example of this, seeking alternatives to the use of synthetic chemical insecticides. Thus, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted in this region with the objective of highlighting the use of Plectranthus glandulosus in the Lac-Lere department.
Materials and Methods: To carry out this study, a questionnaire form was used and 513 people were randomly selected to be interviewed on different questions based on information related to their profiles and their knowledge about the plant. It was conducted during the month of May to July 2018.
Results: The results showed that P. glandulosus is widely used in the department of Lac-Lere as an insecticide (76.4%), medicinal (64.3%) and culinary (55.02%). The commodities most protected by this plant are maize (31.3%) and beans (30.6%). Its leaves are the most used (77.4%) and generally in the fresh state (82.5%). Others use its shade-dried leaves for crop protection. P. glandulosus has a power of conservation of the harvests being able to reach a duration of more than three (3) months (67,3%) thanks to its insecticidal effects.
Conclusion: At the end of this study, this plant can be recommended as an insecticide in the fight against crop pests and can constitute a powerful alternative against the use of synthetic chemical insecticides.

Keywords

Ethnobotanical survey, Insecticide, Lac-lere, Plecthranthus glandulosus, use

References

• Adjanohoun, E. J., Adjakidje, V., Ahyi, M., Ake, A., Akoegnou, A., Almea, J., Apovo, F., Al Hadji, A., Boukef, K., Chadare, M., Chibon, P., Cusset, G., Dramane, K., Eymé, J., Gassita, J., Gbaguidi, M., Goudote, E., Guinko, S., Houngnon, P., Lo I., Kéita, A., Kiniffo, H. V., Koné-Bamba, D., Musampa, Nseyya, A., Saadou, M., Sodogandji, T., Souza, S., Tchabi, A., Zinsou, C., Zohoun, T., (1989). Contribution aux études ethnobotaniques et floristique en République Populaire du Bénin. Collection « Médecine Traditionnelle et Pharmacopée ». Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique. (pp. 111, 339-405).
• Anyinam, C., (1995). Ecology and ethnomedicine: exploring links between current environmental crisis and indigenous medical practices. Social science and medicine, 40(3), 321-329.
• Benkhnigue, O., Zidane, L., Fadli, M., Elyacoubi, H., Rochdi, A., et Douira, A. (2010). Étude ethnobotanique des plantes médicinales dans la région de Mechraâ Bel Ksiri (Région du Gharb du Maroc). Acta botánica barcinonensia, 191-216.
• Bigendako, M., et Lejoly, J., (1990). La pharmacopée traditionnelle au Burundi. Pesticides et médicaments en santé animale. Pres. Univ. Namur, 45, 425-442.
• Bitsindou, M., (1986). Enquêtes sur la phytothérapie traditionnelle à Kindamba et Odzala (Congo) et analyse des convergences d'usages des plantes médicinales en Afrique Centrale. Doctoral dissertation, PhD thesis, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgique, (pp. : 98, 1-198).
• Caboni, P. L., Sarais, G., Angioni, A., Lai, F., Dedola, F., Cabras, P., (2009). Fate of azadirachtin A and related azadirachtoids on tomatoes after greenhouse treatment. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, 44: 598-605.
• Cheriti, A., Belboukhari, and Hacini, S. (2005). Phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of Launeae arborescens (Asteraceae). Séminaire international sur la valorization des plantes médicinales dans les zones arides, Ouargla 1-3 février, pp : 12.
• Cunningham, B., (1996). Professional ethics and ethnobotanical research. Advances in Economic Botany, 10, 19-51.
• Danga, S., Nukenine, E. N., Younoussa, L., Adler, C., et Esimone C. O., (2015). Efficacy of Plectranthus glandulosus (Lamiaceae) and Callistemon rigidus (Myrtaceae) Leaf Extract Fractions to Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Journal of Insect Sciences, 15 (1) : 139-148.
• Deravel, J., Krier, F., et Jacques, P., (2013). Les biopesticides, compléments et alternatives aux produits phytosanitaires chimiques (synthèse bibliographique). Biotechnologie, agronomie, société et environnement, 18(2) : 220-232.
• Dessenbe, T., Nukenine, E. N., and Mbaïlao, M., (2022). Effect of hexane, acetone and methanol extracts of Plectranthus glandulosus on the mortality of the adults of Callosobruchus maculatus and Sitophilus zeamais. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 10(2) : 20-27.
• El–Said, F., Sofowora, E. A., Malcolm, S. A., and Hofer, A., (1969). An investigation into the efficacy of Ocimum gratissimum as used in Nigerian native medicine. Planta medica, 17(02), 195-200.
• Fatima-Zahra, E., Fouzia, R. F., and Abdelilah, R., (2017). Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used in traditional medicine in the province of Sidi Kacem, Morocco. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 10(1), 121-130.
• Forster, P. L., Van, E. J., et Eggli, U., (2002). Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Dicotyledons. Berlin; New York, USA: Springer, Ill. XLVIII, 291-303.
• Hutchiton, J., et Daziel, J., (1958). Flora of West Africa, 2 (2): 459 - 460.
• Jayakumar, G., Ajithabai, M. D., Sreedevi, S., Viswanathan P., (2010). Ethnobotanical survey of the plangts used in the treatment of diabetes. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 9(1), 100-104.
• Klotoé, J. R., Dougnon, T. V., Koudouvo, K., Atègbo, J. M., Loko F., Akoègninou A. and Gbeassor M., (2013). Ethnopharmacological survey on antihemorrhagic medicinal plants in South of Benin. European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 3(1), 40.
• Kouadio, B., Djeneb, C., Yvette, F., Yao, K., Basile, Y. A., Cynthia, Y. Y., et Noël, Z. G., (2016). Étude ethnobotanique des plantes médicinales utilisées dans le Département de Transua, District du Zanzan (Côte d’Ivoire). Journal of Animal andPlant Sciences, 27(2), 4230-4250.
• Nacoulma, O. G., (1996). Plantes médicinales et pratiques médicales traditionnelles au Burkina Faso : cas du plateau central. Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Ouagadougou, 320, 42-53.
• Najafian, S., Agah, M., (2012). Essential oil content and composition of Lippa citriodora as affected by drying method before flowering stages. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2: 1771-1777.
• Nukenine, E. N., Adler, C. et Reichmuth, C., (2007). Efficacy evaluation of plant powders from Cameroon as post-harvest grain protectants against the infestation of Sitophilus zeamais MOTSCHULSKY (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Plant Disease Protection., 114 (1): 30-36.
• Nukenine, E. N., Tofel, H. K., et Adler, C., (2011). Comparative efficacy of Neem Azal and local botanicals derived from Azadirachta indica and Plectranthus glandulosus against Sitophilus zeamais on maize. Journal of Pest Sciences, pp. 8.
• Nukenine, E. N., Adler, C. and Reichmuth, C., (2009). Bioactivity of fenchone and Plectranthus glandulosus oil against Prostephanus truncatus and two strains of Sitophilus zeamais. Journal of Applied Entomology, 134 : 132–141.
• Pamplona, R., (1999). Guide des plantes médicinales. Encyclopédie vie et santé. Vol.1.407 p.
• Passinring, K., (2006). Milieux naturels et paysages du bassin-versant des lacs de Léré : Département du lac Léré, Tchad. Doctoral dissertation, Aix-Marseille 1.
• Pele, J. et Berre, S., (1966). Les aliments d’origine végétale au Cameroun. Le Cameroun agricole, pastoral et forestier, 110 : 49-65.
• Said, O. S. H., Badr, S., Mohamed, G., Nazik, M., Hayria, M. et Abdelaziz, C., (2011). Activité antimicrobienne et composition chimique de l’huile essentielle de Plectranthus aromaticus Roxb. De l’Ile de la Grande Comore. Biotechnology of Agronomy Society and Environment., 15 (2) : 251-258.
• Shahhoseini, R., Estaji, A., Hoseini, N., Ghorpanpour, M., Omidbaigi, R., (2013). The effect of drying methods on the content and chemical composition of essential oil of Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora). Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 16 : 474-481.
• Tahri, N., El Basti, A., Zidane, L., Rochdi, A., et Douira, A., (2012). Étude ethnobotanique des plantes médicinales dans La province De Settat (Maroc). Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 12(2), 192-208.
• Tofel, H. K., (2016). Insecticidal effects of local products from Azadirachta indica and Plectranthus glandulosus for the protection of maize and cowpea against their major storage pests. Ph.D. thesis, University of Ngaoundere, Faculty of Science, Department Biological Sciences, Ngaoundere Cameroon, 170 p.
• Van Jaarsveld, E., (2006). The Southern African Plectranthus and the art of turning shade to glade. Cape, South Africa: Fernwood Press. pp 44.