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Indicator Plant Species Analysis and Ecological Assessment of Tar Juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus L.)

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 22, 81 - 91, 31.12.2024

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the ecological characteristics and identify indicator plant species associated with Juniperus oxycedrus L. (tar juniper) in the Bozdağlar region. Field inventory studies were conducted in 170 sample plots, each measuring 20x20 m, and a data matrix was constructed. Indicator species analysis was performed using the PC-ORD software. The analysis identified 12 positive indicator plant species, with Aubrieta deltoidea, Muscari armeniacum, and Centaurea thirkei emerging as the most statistically significant positive indicators. However, no negative indicators of plant species were observed. These findings indicate that tar juniper is a species sensitive to environmental conditions, and the plant species associated with it provide valuable insights into the habitat characteristics of the region. This study underscores the adaptive capacity of tar juniper in arid and semi-arid ecosystems and highlights its ecological role in these habitats. These results are expected to contribute to the development of sustainable management strategies for tar juniper and forest ecosystems. Additionally, similar studies conducted in diverse geographical regions are anticipated to provide a broader understanding of the ecological functionality of this species and its sensitivity to environmental change.

References

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  • Albrich, K., Rammer, W., Thom, D., & Seidl, R. (2018). Trade‐offs between temporal stability and level of forest ecosystem services provisioning under climate change. Ecological Applications, 28(7), 1884-1896. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1785
  • Atalay, İ. & Efe, R. (2015). Türkiye biyocoğrafyası. Meta Basım Matbaacılık, İzmir.
  • Atalay, İ., Siler, M. & Altunbaş, S. (2022). Türkiye’de oyuntu erozyonu oluşumu ile ana materyal arasındaki ilişkiler. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 20(1), 84-120. https://doi.org/10.33688/aucbd.982732
  • Baytop, T. (1994). Türkçe Bitki Adları Sözlüğü. Atatürk Kültür, Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu, Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları: 578, Ankara, p. 33.
  • Bekat, L. & Oflas, S. (1990). Bozdağ (Ödemiş) Vejetasyonu. X. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi, 18-20 Temmuz 1990, Erzurum, Türkiye, 257-270.
  • Boratynski, A., Wachowiak, W., Dering, M., Krystyna, B., Katarzyna, S., Sobierajska, K., ... & Didukh, Y. (2014). The biogeography and genetic relationships of Juniperus oxycedrus and related taxa from the Mediterranean and Macaronesian regions. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 174(4), 637-653. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12147
  • Cano Ortiz, A., Musarella, C. M., Piñar Fuentes, J. C., Gomes, C. J. P., Spampinato, G., & Cano, E. (2019). Taxonomy, ecology and distribution of Juniperus oxycedrus L. group in the Mediterranean Region using morphometric, phytochemical and bioclimatic approaches. BioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/459651
  • Cano Ortiz, A., Spampinato, G., Pinar Fuentes, J. C., Pinto Gomes, C. J., Quinto-Canas, R., & Cano, E. (2021). Taxonomy, ecology and distribution of Juniperus oxycedrus L. group in the Mediterranean Basin using bioclimatic, phytochemical and morphometric approaches, with special reference to the Iberian Peninsula. Forests, 12(6), 703. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12060703
  • Cano, E., Musarella, C. M., Cano-Ortiz, A., Pinar Fuentes, J. C., Rodriguez Torres, A., Del Rio Gonzalez, S., ... & Spampinato, G. (2019). Geobotanical Study of the Microforests of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. badia in the Central and Southern Iberian Peninsula. Sustainability, 11(4), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041111
  • Carignan, V., & Villard, M. A. (2002). Selecting indicator species to monitor ecological integrity: a review. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 78, 45-61. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016136723584
  • Coode, M.J.E. & Cullen, J. (1965). Juniperus L. In: Davis PH (ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 1., Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ Press, pp. 78-84
  • Davis, P. H. (1965-1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Island (Vols.1- 9). Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press.
  • Davis, P. H., Mill, R.R. & Tan, K. (1988). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Vol. 10 (suppl.)). Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press.
  • De Cáceres, M., Legendre, P., & Moretti, M. (2010). Improving indicator species analysis by combining groups of sites. Oikos, 119(10), 1674-1684. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18334.x
  • Dufrêne, M., & Legendre, P. (1997). Species assemblages and indicator species: the need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecological monographs, 67(3), 345-366. https://doi.org/10.2307/2963459
  • Fakir, H. (2018). Juniperus L. (Ed. Ü. Akkemik) Türkiye’nin Doğal-Egzotik Ağaç ve Çalıları. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Ankara. s: 82.
  • Farjon A (2000). Juniperus L. In: Güner A, Özhatay N, Ekim T & Başer KHC (eds.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Suppl. 2), Vol. 11, Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ Press, pp. 8-10.
  • Fontaine, M., Aerts, R., Özkan, K., Mert, A., Gulsoy, S., Suel, H., Waelkens, M., Muys, B. (2007). Elevation and Exposition Rather Than Soil Types Determine Communities and Site Suitability in Mediterranean Mountain Forests of Southern Anatolia Turkey. Forest Ecology and Management, 247(1), 18-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.04.021
  • Gauquelin, T., Bertaudiere, V., Montes, N., Badri, W., & Asmode, J. F. (1999). Endangered stands of thuriferous juniper in the western Mediterranean basin: ecological status, conservation and management. Biodiversity & Conservation, 8, 1479-1498. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008966808796
  • Gülsoy, S., & Özkan, K. (2013). Determination of environmental factors and indicator plant species for site suitability assessment of Crimean Juniper in the Acipayam District, Turkey. Sains Malaysiana, 42(10), 1439-1447.
  • Gülsoy, S., Şentürk, O., Civga, A., & Özkan, K. (2022). Predıctıng potential distribution of prickly juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus L.) In the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Feb-fresenıus envıronmental bulletın, 9848.
  • Günal, N. (1987). Gediz ve Büyük Menderes arasındaki sahanın bitki örtüsü özellikleri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Deniz Bilimleri ve Coğrafya Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(4), 93-104. Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T. & Baser, K.H.C. (2000). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Vol 11 (suppl.)). Edinburgh, Edinburgh Univ Press.
  • Karaman, I., Şahin, F., Güllüce, M., Öǧütçü, H., Şengül, M., & Adıgüzel, A. (2003). Antimicrobial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of Juniperus oxycedrus L. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 85(2-3), 231-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00006-0
  • Klimko, M., Boratyńska, K., Montserrat, J. M., Didukh, Y., Romo, A., Gómez, D., ... & Boratyński, A. (2007). Morphological variation of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. oxycedrus (Cupressaceae) in the Mediterranean region. Flora-Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants, 202(2), 133-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2006.03.006
  • Koçman, A. (1989). Uygulamalı fiziki coğrafya çalışmaları ve İzmir-Bozdağlar Yöresi üzerinde araştırmalar. İzmir, Ege Üniversitesi.
  • Lindenmayer, D. B., & Likens, G. E. (2011). Direct measurement versus surrogate indicator species for evaluating environmental change and biodiversity loss. Ecosystems, 14, 47-59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9394-6
  • MacLaren, C. A. (2016). Climate change drives decline of Juniperus seravschanica in Oman. Journal of Arid Environments, 128, 91-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2016.02.001
  • Mandelik, Y., Roll, U., & Fleischer, A. (2010). Cost‐efficiency of biodiversity indicators for Mediterranean ecosystems and the effects of socio‐economic factors. Journal of applied ecology, 47(6), 1179-1188. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01864.x
  • McCune, B. & Mefford, M. J. (2011). PC-ORD. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data. Version 6.08, MjM Software, Gleneden Beach, Oregon, U.S.A.
  • Munoz, J. M., & Alcantara, J. (2013). The value of indicator species for landscape characterization. Plant Biosystems-An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 147(2), 418-428. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2012.751062
  • Negiz, M. G., & Erfidan, O. (2023). Akdağ (Burdur) Yöresinin Gösterge Türlerine Göre Ekolojik Değerlendirmesi ve Uygulama Önerileri. 21. Yüzyılda Fen ve Teknik, 10(19), 22-28.
  • Özkan, K., Negiz, M. G. (2011). Isparta yukarı gökdere yöresindeki odunsu vejetasyonun hiyerarşik yöntemlerle sınıflandırılması ve haritalanması. SDÜ Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 27-33.
  • Özdemir, S., Negiz, M. G., Turhan, U. U., Şenol, A., & Arslan, M. (2017). Kuyucak Dağı yöresinde alfa çeşitliliğinin gösterge bitki türleri. Türkiye Ormancılık Dergisi, 18(2), 102-109.
  • Özdemir, S., Gülsoy, S., & Mert, A. (2020). Predicting the effect of climate change on the potential distribution of Crimean Juniper. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 20(2), 133-142.
  • Özdemir, S., & Çınar, T. (2023). Determining indicator plant species of Pinus brutia Ten. Site index classes using interspecific correlation analysis in Antalya (Turkey). Cerne, 29, e-103188.
  • Reinoso, M. & Carlos, J. (2003). Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. macrocarpa in SW Spain: Ecology and conservation problems. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 9(2), 113-122. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02838082
  • Rupprecht, F., Oldeland, J., & Finckh, M. (2011). Modelling potential distribution of the threatened tree species Juniperus oxycedrus: how to evaluate the predictions of different modelling approaches?. Journal of Vegetation Science, 22(4), 647-659. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01269.x
  • Sezik, E., Zor, M., & Yeşilada, E. (1992). Traditional medicine in Turkey II. International Journal of Pharmacognosy 30:233-239. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209209054005
  • Siddig, A. A., Ellison, A. M., Ochs, A., Villar-Leeman, C., & Lau, M. K. (2016). How do ecologists select and use indicator species to monitor ecological change? Insights from 14 years of publication in Ecological Indicators. Ecological Indicators, 60, 223-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.06.036
  • Tavşanoğlu, Ç., & Pausas, J. G. (2018). A functional trait database for Mediterranean Basin plants. Scientific data, 5(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135
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Katran Ardıcının (Juniperus oxycedrus L.) Gösterge Bitki Tür Analizi ve Ekolojik Değerlendirmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 22, 81 - 91, 31.12.2024

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Juniperus oxycedrus L. (katran ardıcı) türünün Bozdağlar yöresindeki ekolojik özelliklerini ve gösterge bitki türlerini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında, 20x20 m boyutlarında toplam 170 örnek alanda arazi envanter çalışmaları gerçekleştirilerek veri matrisi hazırlanmıştır. Gösterge türlerin belirlenmesi için PC-ORD yazılımında indikatör tür analizi uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonucunda, 12 pozitif gösterge bitki türü tespit edilmiş olup, bunlar arasında Aubrieta deltoidea, Muscari armeniacum ve Centaurea thirkei istatistiksel olarak en önemli pozitif gösterge türler olarak öne çıkmıştır. Ancak negatif gösterge bitki türüne ise rastlanmamıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, katran ardıcının çevresel koşullara duyarlılık gösteren bir tür olduğunu ve bu türle birlikte bulunan bitki türlerinin, habitat özelliklerinin anlaşılmasında önemli ipuçları sunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, katran ardıcının kurak ve yarı kurak ekosistemlerdeki adaptasyon yeteneğini ve bu ekosistemlerde oynadığı rolü desteklemektedir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, katran ardıcının ve genel anlamda orman ekosistemlerinin sürdürülebilir yönetimi için stratejiler geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca gelecekte farklı coğrafi bölgelerde yapılacak benzer çalışmaların, bu türün ekolojik işlevselliği ve çevresel değişimlere karşı duyarlılığı hakkında daha geniş bir perspektif sağlayacağı öngörülmektedir.

References

  • Adams, R. P. (2014). Junipers of the world: the genus Juniperus. Trafford Publishing.
  • Albrich, K., Rammer, W., Thom, D., & Seidl, R. (2018). Trade‐offs between temporal stability and level of forest ecosystem services provisioning under climate change. Ecological Applications, 28(7), 1884-1896. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1785
  • Atalay, İ. & Efe, R. (2015). Türkiye biyocoğrafyası. Meta Basım Matbaacılık, İzmir.
  • Atalay, İ., Siler, M. & Altunbaş, S. (2022). Türkiye’de oyuntu erozyonu oluşumu ile ana materyal arasındaki ilişkiler. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 20(1), 84-120. https://doi.org/10.33688/aucbd.982732
  • Baytop, T. (1994). Türkçe Bitki Adları Sözlüğü. Atatürk Kültür, Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu, Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları: 578, Ankara, p. 33.
  • Bekat, L. & Oflas, S. (1990). Bozdağ (Ödemiş) Vejetasyonu. X. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi, 18-20 Temmuz 1990, Erzurum, Türkiye, 257-270.
  • Boratynski, A., Wachowiak, W., Dering, M., Krystyna, B., Katarzyna, S., Sobierajska, K., ... & Didukh, Y. (2014). The biogeography and genetic relationships of Juniperus oxycedrus and related taxa from the Mediterranean and Macaronesian regions. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 174(4), 637-653. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12147
  • Cano Ortiz, A., Musarella, C. M., Piñar Fuentes, J. C., Gomes, C. J. P., Spampinato, G., & Cano, E. (2019). Taxonomy, ecology and distribution of Juniperus oxycedrus L. group in the Mediterranean Region using morphometric, phytochemical and bioclimatic approaches. BioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/459651
  • Cano Ortiz, A., Spampinato, G., Pinar Fuentes, J. C., Pinto Gomes, C. J., Quinto-Canas, R., & Cano, E. (2021). Taxonomy, ecology and distribution of Juniperus oxycedrus L. group in the Mediterranean Basin using bioclimatic, phytochemical and morphometric approaches, with special reference to the Iberian Peninsula. Forests, 12(6), 703. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12060703
  • Cano, E., Musarella, C. M., Cano-Ortiz, A., Pinar Fuentes, J. C., Rodriguez Torres, A., Del Rio Gonzalez, S., ... & Spampinato, G. (2019). Geobotanical Study of the Microforests of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. badia in the Central and Southern Iberian Peninsula. Sustainability, 11(4), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041111
  • Carignan, V., & Villard, M. A. (2002). Selecting indicator species to monitor ecological integrity: a review. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 78, 45-61. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016136723584
  • Coode, M.J.E. & Cullen, J. (1965). Juniperus L. In: Davis PH (ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 1., Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ Press, pp. 78-84
  • Davis, P. H. (1965-1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Island (Vols.1- 9). Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press.
  • Davis, P. H., Mill, R.R. & Tan, K. (1988). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Vol. 10 (suppl.)). Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press.
  • De Cáceres, M., Legendre, P., & Moretti, M. (2010). Improving indicator species analysis by combining groups of sites. Oikos, 119(10), 1674-1684. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18334.x
  • Dufrêne, M., & Legendre, P. (1997). Species assemblages and indicator species: the need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecological monographs, 67(3), 345-366. https://doi.org/10.2307/2963459
  • Fakir, H. (2018). Juniperus L. (Ed. Ü. Akkemik) Türkiye’nin Doğal-Egzotik Ağaç ve Çalıları. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Ankara. s: 82.
  • Farjon A (2000). Juniperus L. In: Güner A, Özhatay N, Ekim T & Başer KHC (eds.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Suppl. 2), Vol. 11, Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ Press, pp. 8-10.
  • Fontaine, M., Aerts, R., Özkan, K., Mert, A., Gulsoy, S., Suel, H., Waelkens, M., Muys, B. (2007). Elevation and Exposition Rather Than Soil Types Determine Communities and Site Suitability in Mediterranean Mountain Forests of Southern Anatolia Turkey. Forest Ecology and Management, 247(1), 18-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.04.021
  • Gauquelin, T., Bertaudiere, V., Montes, N., Badri, W., & Asmode, J. F. (1999). Endangered stands of thuriferous juniper in the western Mediterranean basin: ecological status, conservation and management. Biodiversity & Conservation, 8, 1479-1498. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008966808796
  • Gülsoy, S., & Özkan, K. (2013). Determination of environmental factors and indicator plant species for site suitability assessment of Crimean Juniper in the Acipayam District, Turkey. Sains Malaysiana, 42(10), 1439-1447.
  • Gülsoy, S., Şentürk, O., Civga, A., & Özkan, K. (2022). Predıctıng potential distribution of prickly juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus L.) In the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Feb-fresenıus envıronmental bulletın, 9848.
  • Günal, N. (1987). Gediz ve Büyük Menderes arasındaki sahanın bitki örtüsü özellikleri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Deniz Bilimleri ve Coğrafya Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(4), 93-104. Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T. & Baser, K.H.C. (2000). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Vol 11 (suppl.)). Edinburgh, Edinburgh Univ Press.
  • Karaman, I., Şahin, F., Güllüce, M., Öǧütçü, H., Şengül, M., & Adıgüzel, A. (2003). Antimicrobial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of Juniperus oxycedrus L. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 85(2-3), 231-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00006-0
  • Klimko, M., Boratyńska, K., Montserrat, J. M., Didukh, Y., Romo, A., Gómez, D., ... & Boratyński, A. (2007). Morphological variation of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. oxycedrus (Cupressaceae) in the Mediterranean region. Flora-Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants, 202(2), 133-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2006.03.006
  • Koçman, A. (1989). Uygulamalı fiziki coğrafya çalışmaları ve İzmir-Bozdağlar Yöresi üzerinde araştırmalar. İzmir, Ege Üniversitesi.
  • Lindenmayer, D. B., & Likens, G. E. (2011). Direct measurement versus surrogate indicator species for evaluating environmental change and biodiversity loss. Ecosystems, 14, 47-59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9394-6
  • MacLaren, C. A. (2016). Climate change drives decline of Juniperus seravschanica in Oman. Journal of Arid Environments, 128, 91-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2016.02.001
  • Mandelik, Y., Roll, U., & Fleischer, A. (2010). Cost‐efficiency of biodiversity indicators for Mediterranean ecosystems and the effects of socio‐economic factors. Journal of applied ecology, 47(6), 1179-1188. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01864.x
  • McCune, B. & Mefford, M. J. (2011). PC-ORD. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data. Version 6.08, MjM Software, Gleneden Beach, Oregon, U.S.A.
  • Munoz, J. M., & Alcantara, J. (2013). The value of indicator species for landscape characterization. Plant Biosystems-An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 147(2), 418-428. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2012.751062
  • Negiz, M. G., & Erfidan, O. (2023). Akdağ (Burdur) Yöresinin Gösterge Türlerine Göre Ekolojik Değerlendirmesi ve Uygulama Önerileri. 21. Yüzyılda Fen ve Teknik, 10(19), 22-28.
  • Özkan, K., Negiz, M. G. (2011). Isparta yukarı gökdere yöresindeki odunsu vejetasyonun hiyerarşik yöntemlerle sınıflandırılması ve haritalanması. SDÜ Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 27-33.
  • Özdemir, S., Negiz, M. G., Turhan, U. U., Şenol, A., & Arslan, M. (2017). Kuyucak Dağı yöresinde alfa çeşitliliğinin gösterge bitki türleri. Türkiye Ormancılık Dergisi, 18(2), 102-109.
  • Özdemir, S., Gülsoy, S., & Mert, A. (2020). Predicting the effect of climate change on the potential distribution of Crimean Juniper. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 20(2), 133-142.
  • Özdemir, S., & Çınar, T. (2023). Determining indicator plant species of Pinus brutia Ten. Site index classes using interspecific correlation analysis in Antalya (Turkey). Cerne, 29, e-103188.
  • Reinoso, M. & Carlos, J. (2003). Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. macrocarpa in SW Spain: Ecology and conservation problems. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 9(2), 113-122. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02838082
  • Rupprecht, F., Oldeland, J., & Finckh, M. (2011). Modelling potential distribution of the threatened tree species Juniperus oxycedrus: how to evaluate the predictions of different modelling approaches?. Journal of Vegetation Science, 22(4), 647-659. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01269.x
  • Sezik, E., Zor, M., & Yeşilada, E. (1992). Traditional medicine in Turkey II. International Journal of Pharmacognosy 30:233-239. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209209054005
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There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Forest Biodiversity, Forest Ecosystems
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ayşegül Tekeş 0000-0003-4515-7258

Early Pub Date January 1, 2025
Publication Date December 31, 2024
Submission Date November 27, 2024
Acceptance Date December 28, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 11 Issue: 22

Cite

APA Tekeş, A. (2024). Katran Ardıcının (Juniperus oxycedrus L.) Gösterge Bitki Tür Analizi ve Ekolojik Değerlendirmesi. Science and Technique in the 21st Century, 11(22), 81-91.