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Moğol Çin’inde Kıpçak Güç Ağları

Year 2024, , 124 - 138, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.61960/fikriyat.1441845

Abstract

Kıpçak boyları Moğol İmparatorluğu’nda daima önemli bir askerî role sahip olmuştur. Bu makalede söz konusu askerî rolün merkezinde bulunan, Moğol Çin’inde güçlü sosyal ve siyasi ağ oluşturan bir Kıpçak boyu ele alınmıştır. Çin’deki Moğol sivil bürokrasisine ait nüfuzlarını güçlendirmek için kullandıkları sosyal sermaye ile askerî rollerinin dışında aile yapılarının da işleyişi ve bunun faydaları gösterilmektedir. Buna göre söz konusu Kıpçak boyunun üyelerinin evlilikleri bile, kendi güç ağlarını kurmaya veya genişletmeye hizmet etmiştir. Yuan döneminde birçok önde gelen göçmene ev sahipliği yapan Çin’deki Jiking Bölgesi’nin yerel kayıtları bu incelemeye dair önemli deliller sunmaktadır. Gerek sivil bürokraside gerekse askerî alanda hanedanın sonuna kadar elit bir askerî birlik olarak kimliklerini korumaya özen gösteren Tuq Tuq’a’nın akrabaları ve soyundan gelenler İmparatorluk Muhafızları Komutanı pozisyonunu başarıyla devam ettirmişlerdir; ayrıca bu önemli ve güçlü askerî boy, Jiking Bölgesi’nde önemli ölçüde mülk ve mali avantajlar elde etmişlerdir. Çin’e yerleşen bu göçebe grup Yuan Hanedanlığı’nın önemli bir parçası olmuştur.

References

  • Allsen, Th. T. (1987–1991). The Mongols and North Caucasia. Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi, 7: 5–39.
  • --------------- (1997). Commodity and Exchange in the Mongol Empire. Cambridge University Press.
  • Benson, D. S. (1991). The Mongol Campaigns in Asia: A Summary History of Mongolian Warfare with the Governments of Eastern and Western Asia in the 13th Century. Chicago.
  • Biran, M. (1997). Qaidu and the Rise of the Independent Mongol State in Central Asia. Curzon.
  • Bretschneider, E. (1910). Medieval Researches from Eastern Asiatic Sources. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., 2.
  • Buell, P. D. (2003). Historical Dictionary of the Mongol World Empire. The Scarecrow Press.
  • Dardess, J. W. (1973). Conquerors and Confucians: Aspects of Political Change in Late Yüan China. Columbia University Press.
  • Ershiwushi bubian. 1955. Shanghai: Kaiming Shudian.
  • Farquhar, D. M. (1990). The Government of China Under Mongolian Rule. Franz Steiner Verlag.
  • Gammer, M. (2005). Russia and the Eurasian Steppe Nomads: An Overview, in Reuven Amitai and Michal Biran, eds., Mongols, Turks, and Others: Eurasian Nomads and the Sedentary World, Brill, 483–502.
  • Golden, P. B. (1987-1991). Nomads and Their Sedentary Neighbors in Pre-Činggisid Eurasia. Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi, 7: 41–82.
  • --------------- (1991). The Qipčaqs of Medieval Eurasia: An Example of Stateless Adaptation in the Steppes. in G. Seaman and D. Marks, ed., Rulers from the Steppe: State Formation on the Eurasian Periphery, Ethnographics Press, 132–157.
  • --------------- (1992). An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples. Otto Harrassowitz.
  • Gökbel, A. (2002). Kipchaks and Kumans. The Turks. Yeni Türkiye, 1, 643–659.
  • Halperin, Ch. J. (2000). The Kipchak Connection: the Ilkhans, the Mamluks and Ayn Jalut. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, (63:2) 229–245.
  • Hambis, L. (1954). Le Chapitre CVIII du Yuan Che. Brill, 163–169.
  • Juan, M. (2003). 马娟,元代钦 察人燕铁木儿事迹考伦 Yuandai Chincha Yan Tiemuer shiji kaolun. Yuanshi Luncong, 10: 98–106.
  • Tianjue, S. 蘇天爵 (1985). Shumi Jurong Wuyiwang. in Yuanchao Mingchen Shilüe, Zhonghua Shuju, 3–3/51.
  • Vasary, I. (2005). Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365. Cambridge University Press.
  • Xinmin, Y. 叶新民 (1998). Yuan Shangdu Yanjiu 元上都研究. Neimenggu Daxue chubanshe.
  • Yingsheng, L. (2005). War and Peace Between the Yuan Dynasty and the Chaghadaid Khanate (1312–1323). in Reuven Amitai and Michal Biran, eds., Mongols, Turks, and Others: Eurasian Nomads and the Sedentary World, Brill, 339–358.
  • Zhang, P. 张沛之 (2001). Yuandai Tutuha jiazu tanyan 元代土土哈家族探研. Yuanshi Luncong 元史论从, 8: 194–207.
  • Zuchang M. (1985). Gu zhenjie zeng Rongguo furen Safalishe beaming 故貞節贈 容國夫人 薩法禮氏碑銘, in Ma Shitian Wenji 馬石田文集 14.11a–13a; rptr. Yuanren Wenji zhenben congkan, Xinwenfeng Chubanshe, 6: 672–73.

Kipchak Networks of Power in Mongol China

Year 2024, , 124 - 138, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.61960/fikriyat.1441845

Abstract

Kipchak tribes have always had an important military role in the Mongol Empire. In this article, a Kipchak tribe that was at the center of this military role and formed a strong social and political network in Mongolian China is discussed. In addition to their military roles and the social capital they use to strengthen their influence in the Mongolian civil bureaucracy in China, the functioning of their family structure and its benefits are shown. Accordingly, even the marriages of the members of the Kipchak tribe in question served to establish or expand their power networks. Local records of the Jiking Region in China, which hosted many prominent immigrants during the Yuan period, provide important evidence for this investigation. Tuq Tuq’a’s relatives and descendants, who took care to preserve their identity as an elite military unit until the end of the dynasty, both in the civil bureaucracy and in the military field, successfully maintained the position of Commander of the Imperial Guard; In addition, this important and powerful military clan gained significant property and financial advantages in the Jiking Region. This nomadic group that settled in China became an important part of the Yuan Dynasty.

References

  • Allsen, Th. T. (1987–1991). The Mongols and North Caucasia. Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi, 7: 5–39.
  • --------------- (1997). Commodity and Exchange in the Mongol Empire. Cambridge University Press.
  • Benson, D. S. (1991). The Mongol Campaigns in Asia: A Summary History of Mongolian Warfare with the Governments of Eastern and Western Asia in the 13th Century. Chicago.
  • Biran, M. (1997). Qaidu and the Rise of the Independent Mongol State in Central Asia. Curzon.
  • Bretschneider, E. (1910). Medieval Researches from Eastern Asiatic Sources. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., 2.
  • Buell, P. D. (2003). Historical Dictionary of the Mongol World Empire. The Scarecrow Press.
  • Dardess, J. W. (1973). Conquerors and Confucians: Aspects of Political Change in Late Yüan China. Columbia University Press.
  • Ershiwushi bubian. 1955. Shanghai: Kaiming Shudian.
  • Farquhar, D. M. (1990). The Government of China Under Mongolian Rule. Franz Steiner Verlag.
  • Gammer, M. (2005). Russia and the Eurasian Steppe Nomads: An Overview, in Reuven Amitai and Michal Biran, eds., Mongols, Turks, and Others: Eurasian Nomads and the Sedentary World, Brill, 483–502.
  • Golden, P. B. (1987-1991). Nomads and Their Sedentary Neighbors in Pre-Činggisid Eurasia. Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi, 7: 41–82.
  • --------------- (1991). The Qipčaqs of Medieval Eurasia: An Example of Stateless Adaptation in the Steppes. in G. Seaman and D. Marks, ed., Rulers from the Steppe: State Formation on the Eurasian Periphery, Ethnographics Press, 132–157.
  • --------------- (1992). An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples. Otto Harrassowitz.
  • Gökbel, A. (2002). Kipchaks and Kumans. The Turks. Yeni Türkiye, 1, 643–659.
  • Halperin, Ch. J. (2000). The Kipchak Connection: the Ilkhans, the Mamluks and Ayn Jalut. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, (63:2) 229–245.
  • Hambis, L. (1954). Le Chapitre CVIII du Yuan Che. Brill, 163–169.
  • Juan, M. (2003). 马娟,元代钦 察人燕铁木儿事迹考伦 Yuandai Chincha Yan Tiemuer shiji kaolun. Yuanshi Luncong, 10: 98–106.
  • Tianjue, S. 蘇天爵 (1985). Shumi Jurong Wuyiwang. in Yuanchao Mingchen Shilüe, Zhonghua Shuju, 3–3/51.
  • Vasary, I. (2005). Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365. Cambridge University Press.
  • Xinmin, Y. 叶新民 (1998). Yuan Shangdu Yanjiu 元上都研究. Neimenggu Daxue chubanshe.
  • Yingsheng, L. (2005). War and Peace Between the Yuan Dynasty and the Chaghadaid Khanate (1312–1323). in Reuven Amitai and Michal Biran, eds., Mongols, Turks, and Others: Eurasian Nomads and the Sedentary World, Brill, 339–358.
  • Zhang, P. 张沛之 (2001). Yuandai Tutuha jiazu tanyan 元代土土哈家族探研. Yuanshi Luncong 元史论从, 8: 194–207.
  • Zuchang M. (1985). Gu zhenjie zeng Rongguo furen Safalishe beaming 故貞節贈 容國夫人 薩法禮氏碑銘, in Ma Shitian Wenji 馬石田文集 14.11a–13a; rptr. Yuanren Wenji zhenben congkan, Xinwenfeng Chubanshe, 6: 672–73.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects General Turkish History (Other)
Journal Section Çeviri
Authors

Kutluay Erk 0000-0001-5095-7888

Translators

Kutluay Erk 0000-0001-5095-7888

Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date February 23, 2024
Acceptance Date March 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Erk, K. (2024). Kipchak Networks of Power in Mongol China (K. Erk, Trans.). Fikriyat, 4(1), 124-138. https://doi.org/10.61960/fikriyat.1441845