Immune Response Against to Asthma

Abstract

Both innate and adaptive immune responses develop against to asthma which is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways. It is known that contacting the products of microorganisms in early period of life changes the T helper (Th) 2 cell response to Th1 response. Basic reseptors of innate immunity are toll-like receptors (TLR). Bronchial epitelial cells are the most important cells that take part in inflammation, these cells act as antigen presenting cells (APC), and they contribute to the airway remodelling by secreting some growth factors. The other cells in innate immunity are; dendritic cells, basophils, mast cells, eosinophils, monocytes, macrophages, platelets. Adaptive immune response occurs as cellular and humoral immunity. It is known for a long time that basic cells in asthma pathogenesis are Th2 cells. But recently it is shown that Th1, Th9, Th17, Th25, follicular T cell, regulator T cell, invariant natural killer T cell, and γδ T cell contribute to the pathogenesis.

Keywords

• Asthma, Innate immune response, Adaptive immun response.

Astıma Karşı Oluşan İmmün Yanıt

Öz

Hava yollarının kronik inflamasyonu ile karakterize astıma karşı hem doğal hem de edinsel immün yanıt gelişmektedir. Hayatın erken döneminde mikrobik ürünler ile karşılaşmanın yardımcı T hücre (Th) 2 yanıtını Th1 yanıtına değiştirdiği bilinmektedir. Doğal immünitede temel rol oynayan reseptörler toll-like reseptörler (TLR)'dir. Bronş epitel hücreleri ise inflamasyonda rol alan en önemli hücrelerdir, bu hücreler antijen sunan hücre (APC) özelliği taşırlar, salgıladıkları birçok büyüme faktörü ile hava yolu yeniden yapılanmasına katkıda bulunurlar. Doğal immünitede rol alan diğer hücreler; dendritik hücreler, bazofiller, mast hücreleri, eozinofiller, monositler, makrofajlar, trombositlerdir. Edinsel immün yanıt ise hücresel ve hümöral immün yanıt şeklinde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Uzun süredir astım patogenezinde temel rol oynayan hücrelerin Th2 hücreler olduğu bilinmektedir. Ancak son zamanlarda Th1, Th9, Th17, Th25, folliküler T hücre, regülatör T hücre, invariant natural killer T hücreler ve γδ T hücrelerin de patogeneze katkıda bulundukları gösterilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Astım, Doğal immün yanıt, Edinsel immün yanıt.

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