Marulda Beyaz Çürüklük Hastalığı’nın (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) Fungal Antagonistlerle Biyolojik Mücadelesi

Year 2017, Volume: 46 Issue: 1, 1 - 14, 02.08.2017

Figen Yıldız , Başak Çoşkun

Abstract

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, marulun en önemli hastalık etmenlerinden birisidir. Patojen, kök ve kök boğazında yumuşak çürüklüklere neden olur ve toprakta kışlamasına neden olan sklerot yapıları oluşturur. Hastalık etmeni ile savaşımda kullanılan fungisitlerin patojeni engellemekte yetersiz kalması ve fungusun dayanıklılık kazanması nedeniyle biyolojik savaşım çalışmaları hız kazanmıştır. Çalışmada, marul yetiştirilen alanlardan toplanan örnekler içerisinden en virulent S. sclerotiorum izolatı seçilmiştir. Bu izolattan elde edilen sklerotlar tuzak olarak kullanılmış ve sklerotları parazitleyen funguslar izole edilmiştir. İn vitroda yapılan ikili testlerde 30 fungus, antagonizma özelliklerine göre testlenmişlerdir. Hiperparazitik etki gösteren funguslar içerisinde H1/2 izolatı koparılmış yaprak testlerinde en yüksek parazitik etkiyi (%67.60) göstermiştir. Daha sonra antibiyosis etkiye sahip 3 (A1/1, A3/5, A3/6) ve hiperparazit etkiye sahip 8 (H1/2, H5/1,H7/1,H7/2,H7/3,H10/1,H13/1, H18/2) antagonistik fungus, saksı koşullarında marul fidelerinde hastalığı kontrol açısından incelenmiştir. Saksı testleri sonuçlarına göre, hiperparazit etkiye sahip Gliocladium spp.(H1/2) izolatı kontrole göre %54.79 etkililik göstermiştir. 

Keywords

Marul, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, antagonist, sklerot

Biological Control of White Mold Disease (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) on Lettuce by Using Fungal Antagonists

Abstract

Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum is one of the most destructive fungal disease agent
on lettuce. The pathogen cause the watery soft rots and produce the
overwintering structures known as sclerotium. Inadequate control by using
fungicides on disease agent and increasing the resistance to fungicides is
accelerated necessities of the biological control studies. The most virulent
isolate of S.sclerotiorum was
selected among the samples collected from lettuce producing area. The sclerotia
collected from the pathogen isolate were used as bait for isolation of
biocontrol agent of parasitic fungi. Thirty fungal isolates were tested for
their antagonistic characteristics using dual cultures. The isolate H1/2 showed
the most strong hyperparasitic activity (67.60%) on detached leaf test. Among
them, three isolates having antibiosis effect (A1/1,A3/5, A3/6) and eight
isolates (H1/2, H5/1,H7/1, H7/2,H7/3, H10/1,H13/1, H18/2) having hyperparasitic
activity were evaluated for ability of control of the disease. Gliocladium spp. (H1/2), having hyperparasitic activity, significantly reduced the disease
incidence as 54.79% in the pot tests.

Keywords

: Lettuce, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, antagonist

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