Determination of terrestrial EUNIS habitat types of Mount Ganos (Işıklar), Tekirdağ, Türkiye

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 69 - 74, 30.08.2022

Ogün Demir , Aybüke Kızılırmaklı , Cavit Meriç Bozdağ , Evren Cabi

https://doi.org/10.51753/flsrt.1109635

Cited By: 1

Abstract

In this study, it is aimed to determine the terrestrial European Union Nature Information System (EUNIS) habitat types of Mount Ganos (Işıklar) and its surroundings. Field studies were carried out from April to October 2021. Reference areas were determined for Maximum Likelihood (ML) classification during the field studies. To increase the accuracy and obtain the highest possible level of EUNIS habitat types, we used both reference areas observed in the field studies and processed land cover and habitat maps. These are; Landsat Satellite Images classified with ML, Corine Land Cover, and European ecosystem maps. Regarding both biodiversity and social activities, Mount Ganos is among the most significant natural areas in the Tekirdağ district. The northern slopes of the mountain have a rainier and more humid climate than the southern slopes which Mediterranean climate is dominant. The presence of various climate types and the remarkable altitude variations also contribute to the habitat diversity of the Mount Ganos. Many natural areas have been degraded due to anthropogenic effects such as mineral extraction, agricultural, tourism, and urbanization activities in the Mount Ganos region until today. In this study, a total of 9 ecosystems and 29 habitat types were determined for Mount Ganos according to the EUNIS classification. 21 of them were identified at level 3 and 8 of them ranged between 2 and 6 levels. The intensive unmixed crops (I1.1) are the most-covered EUNIS habitat type with 16173.16 hectares. This is followed by low and medium altitude hay meadows (E2.2, 9350.63 ha), Meso- and eutrophic Quercus, Carpinus, Fraxinus, Acer, Tilia, Ulmus, and related woodland (G1.A, 7548.73 ha) and Pseudomaquis (F5.3, 5926.65 ha). With this study, a portrait of the habitat destruction created by humans has also been drawn. The results of this study can be used by decision-makers to conserve the remaining natural habitats on Mount Ganos.

Keywords

Biodiversity, classification, ecosystem, GIS, land cover

References

• Albert, D. A., Wilcox, D. A., Ingram, J. W., & Thompson, T. A. (2005). Hydrogeomorphic classification for Great Lakes coastal wetlands. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 31, 129-146.
• Arslan, M., Bingol, M., & Erdogan, N. (2012). Avrupa doğa bilgi sistemi (EUNIS) habitat sınıflandırması ve Türkiye öksin alanındaki doğu kayını (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) ormanları örneği. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(2), 278-290.
• Cakmak, M. H., & Aytac, Z. (2020). Determination and mapping of EUNIS habitat types of Mamak District (Ankara), Turkey. Acta Biologica Turcica, 33(4), 227-236.
• Cakmak, M. H., & Aytac, Z. (2021). EUNIS habitat sınıflandırmasının Türkiye durum değerlendirmesi. Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 5(2), 111-117.
• Čarni, A., Matevski, V., Kostadinovski, M., & Ćušterevska, R. (2018). Scrub communities along a climatic gradient in the southern Balkans: maquis, pseudomaquis and shibljak. Plant Biosystems-An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 152(5), 1165-1171.
• Chytrý, M., Tichý, L., Hennekens, S. M., Knollová, I., Janssen, J. A., Rodwell, J. S., ... & Schaminée, J. H. (2020). EUNIS Habitat Classification: Expert system, characteristic species combinations and distribution maps of European habitats. Applied Vegetation Science, 23(4), 648-675.
• Ciftci, D., & Hasbenli, A. (2018). Diversity analysis of the subfamilies Steninae, Staphylininae and Paederinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in different habitats of the Sündiken Mountains, Turkey. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 70, 319-329.
• Copernicus Land Monitoring Service, (2022). Official Website of Copernicus Land Monitoring Service, Corine Land Cover 2018, https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover, Last Accessed on March, 2022.
• Davies, C. E., & Moss, D. (1998) EUNIS Habitats Classification. Final report to the European Topic Centre on Nature Conservation. Copenhagen: European Environment Agency.
• Davies, C. E., Moss, D., & Hill, M. O. (2004). EUNIS habitat classification revised 2004. Report to: European environment agency-European topic centre on nature protection and biodiversity, 127-143.
• Davis, P. H. (1965-1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 1-9. Edinburgh University Press.
• Davis, P. H., Mill, R. R., & Tan, K. (1988). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, (Supplement), vol. 10. (pp. 1-302). Edinburgh University Press.
• Diehl, R. H. (2013). The airspace is habitat. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 28(7), 377-379.
• European Environment Agency, (2022). Official Website of European Environment Agency, Ecosystem types of Europe, version 3.1, https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/ecosystem-types-of-europe-1, Last Accessed on March, 2022.
• Fayvush, G., & Aleksanyan, A. (2022). Climate change and dynamics of vegetation in the lesser caucasus: an overview. Mountain Landscapes in Transition, 417-428.
• Geven, F., Ozdeniz, E., Kurt, L., Bolukbasi, A., Ozbey, B. G., Ozcan, A. U., & Turan, U. (2016). Habitat classification and evaluation of the Köyceğiz-Dalyan special protected area (Muğla/Turkey). Rendiconti Lincei, 27(3), 509-519.
• Guner, A., Kandemir, A., Menemen, Y., Yildirim, H., Aslan, S., Eksi, G., ... & Cimen, A. O. (2018). Resimli Türkiye Florası (Cilt 2). (pp. 1-1054). ANG Vakfı, NGBB Yayınları.
• Guner, A., Ozhatay, N., Ekim, T., & Baser, K. H. C. (2000). Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, (Supplement 2), vol. 11. (pp. 1-216). Edinburgh University Press.
• Hall, L. S., Krausman, P. R., & Morrison, M. L. (1997). The habitat concept and a plea for standard terminology. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 173-182.
• Janssen, J. A. M., Rodwell, J. S., Criado, M. G., Gubbay, S., Haynes, T., Nieto, A., ... & Calix, M. (2016). European red list of habitats. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
• Mergen, O., & Karacaoglu, C. (2015). Tuz Lake special environment protection area, central Anatolia, Turkey: the EUNIS habitat classification and habitat change detection between 1987 and 2007. Ekoloji Dergisi, 24(95).
• Mitchell, S. C. (2005). How useful is the concept of habitat?–a critique. Oikos, 110(3), 634-638.
• Moss, D. (2008) EUNIS Habitat Classification – A Guide for Users. Copenhagen: European Environment Agency.
• Moss, D., & Davies, C. E. (2002). Cross-references between the EUNIS habitat classification and the nomenclature of CORINE Land Cover. NERC/Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, 49pp. (CEH Project Number: C00389).
• Pompe, S., Hanspach, J., Badeck, F. W., Klotz, S., Bruelheide, H., & Kuhn, I. (2010). Investigating habitat-specific plant species pools under climate change. Basic and Applied Ecology, 11(7), 603-611.
• Rodríguez‐Rojo, M. P., Jiménez‐Alfaro, B., Jandt, U., Bruelheide, H., Rodwell, J. S., Schaminée, J. H., ... & Chytrý, M. (2017). Diversity of lowland hay meadows and pastures in Western and Central Europe. Applied Vegetation Science, 20(4), 702-719.
• Sullivan, E. R., Powell, I., & Ashton, P. A. (2018). Long-term hay meadow management maintains the target community despite local-scale species turnover. Folia Geobotanica, 53(2), 159-173.
• Tanaka, N., Jinadasa, K. B. S. N., Werellagama, D. R. I. B., Mowjood, M. I. M., & Ng, W. J. (2006). Constructed tropical wetlands with integrated submergent-emergent plants for sustainable water quality management. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 41(10), 2221-2236.
• Tezel, D., Inam, S., & Kocaman, S. (2020). GIS-Based assessment of habitat networks for conservation planning in Kas-Kekova protected area (Turkey). ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 9(2), 91.