Comparison of Fuzzy, Intuitionistic Fuzzy, and Picture Fuzzy Regression Function Approaches for Forecasting the Dow Jones Financial Time Series

Emine Yüksek Dizdar

doi:10.34110/forecasting.1868623

Comparison of Fuzzy, Intuitionistic Fuzzy, and Picture Fuzzy Regression Function Approaches for Forecasting the Dow Jones Financial Time Series

Abstract

Uncertainty observed in financial time series makes it difficult to obtain accurate and stable forecasts. In this study, the forecasting performances of Fuzzy Regression Functions (FRF), Intuitionistic Fuzzy Regression Functions (IFRF), and Picture Fuzzy Regression Functions (PFRF) approaches are comparatively examined using Dow Jones index time series with different data lengths. These methods incorporate membership, non-membership, and rejection degrees into the modeling process in different ways, and all experiments are conducted under the same data structure and identical experimental conditions. Forecasting performance is evaluated using RMSE and MAPE metrics. The results indicate that, particularly when different test lengths are considered, the IFRF approach produces more stable forecasts with lower error values. The findings demonstrate that intuitionistic fuzzy regression functions provide a strong and reliable alternative for forecasting financial time series under uncertainty.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

No funding was received for this study.

Ethical Statement

This study does not involve human participants or animal subjects. Therefore, ethical approval is not required.

Thanks

No acknowledgements.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Fuzzy Computation, Time-Series Analysis

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Emine Yüksek Dizdar ^*
0000-0002-6574-0750
Türkiye

Publication Date

March 12, 2026

Submission Date

January 21, 2026

Acceptance Date

February 11, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 10 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.34110/forecasting.1868623

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA49DC39GU

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Yüksek Dizdar, E. (2026). Comparison of Fuzzy, Intuitionistic Fuzzy, and Picture Fuzzy Regression Function Approaches for Forecasting the Dow Jones Financial Time Series. Turkish Journal of Forecasting, 10(1), 41-49. https://doi.org/10.34110/forecasting.1868623

AMA

1.Yüksek Dizdar E. Comparison of Fuzzy, Intuitionistic Fuzzy, and Picture Fuzzy Regression Function Approaches for Forecasting the Dow Jones Financial Time Series. TJF. 2026;10(1):41-49. doi:10.34110/forecasting.1868623

Chicago

Yüksek Dizdar, Emine. 2026. “Comparison of Fuzzy, Intuitionistic Fuzzy, and Picture Fuzzy Regression Function Approaches for Forecasting the Dow Jones Financial Time Series”. Turkish Journal of Forecasting 10 (1): 41-49. https://doi.org/10.34110/forecasting.1868623.

EndNote

Yüksek Dizdar E (March 1, 2026) Comparison of Fuzzy, Intuitionistic Fuzzy, and Picture Fuzzy Regression Function Approaches for Forecasting the Dow Jones Financial Time Series. Turkish Journal of Forecasting 10 1 41–49.

IEEE

[1]E. Yüksek Dizdar, “Comparison of Fuzzy, Intuitionistic Fuzzy, and Picture Fuzzy Regression Function Approaches for Forecasting the Dow Jones Financial Time Series”, TJF, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 41–49, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.34110/forecasting.1868623.

ISNAD

Yüksek Dizdar, Emine. “Comparison of Fuzzy, Intuitionistic Fuzzy, and Picture Fuzzy Regression Function Approaches for Forecasting the Dow Jones Financial Time Series”. Turkish Journal of Forecasting 10/1 (March 1, 2026): 41-49. https://doi.org/10.34110/forecasting.1868623.

JAMA

1.Yüksek Dizdar E. Comparison of Fuzzy, Intuitionistic Fuzzy, and Picture Fuzzy Regression Function Approaches for Forecasting the Dow Jones Financial Time Series. TJF. 2026;10:41–49.

MLA

Yüksek Dizdar, Emine. “Comparison of Fuzzy, Intuitionistic Fuzzy, and Picture Fuzzy Regression Function Approaches for Forecasting the Dow Jones Financial Time Series”. Turkish Journal of Forecasting, vol. 10, no. 1, Mar. 2026, pp. 41-49, doi:10.34110/forecasting.1868623.

Vancouver

1.Emine Yüksek Dizdar. Comparison of Fuzzy, Intuitionistic Fuzzy, and Picture Fuzzy Regression Function Approaches for Forecasting the Dow Jones Financial Time Series. TJF. 2026 Mar. 1;10(1):41-9. doi:10.34110/forecasting.1868623