Review
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Türkiye’de ekoturizm ve rekreasyon amacıyla kullanılan orman alanlarının yönetimi

Year 2018, Volume: 68 Issue: 2, 114 - 121, 20.07.2018

Abstract

DOI: 10.26650/ forestist.2018.345971

Ormanlar, doğal çevrenin temel bir bileşeni
olarak, turistler için doğal bir çekim merkezi olup çevre ve turizm arasındaki
ilişkilerde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Diğer taraftan, Türkiye’de kısa
dönemli ekonomik faydalar için kontrolsüz turizm gelişimi ortaya çıkmakta ve
doğal kaynaklar üzerinde bir baskı oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı;
Türkiye’nin orman kaynaklarının ekoturizm ve rekreasyonel kullanımlar açısından
genel özelliklerini açıklamak, bu kaynakların yönetimiyle ilgili bilgiler
vermek, karşılaşılan sorunları vurgulamak ve çözüm önerileri geliştirmektir.
Çalışmadaki veriler yetkililerle görüşülerek ve ulusal politika belgelerinin
içerikleri analiz edilerek elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları Türkiye’de orman
alanlarındaki rekreasyonel kullanım yükünün giderek arttığını, buna karşın
ziyaretçi yönetimi ve denetimine ilişkin etkin önlemler alınmadığını
göstermektedir. Bu doğrultuda temel öneriler şu şekilde sıralanabilir: korunan
alan yönetimi ana amaçları ile turizm ve rekreasyonla ilgili kullanımlar
arasındaki uyumun sağlanması, planlama ve denetim çalışmalarının daha etkin
hale getirilmesi, karar verme süreçlerinde bilimsel araçların katkısının
artırılması ve ilgi grupları arasındaki iletişim, eşgüdüm ve işbirliğinin
geliştirilmesi.

References

  • Atmış, E., 2018. A critical review of the (potentially) negative impacts of current protected area policies on the nature conservation of forests in Turkey. Land Use Policy 70(2018): 675-684.
  • Atmış, E., Günşen, H.B., Yücedağ, C., Lise, Wietze, 2012. Status, use and management of urban forests in Turkey. SEEFOR 3(2): 69-78.
  • ÇOB (Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı / Ministry of Environment and Forestry), 2004. Türkiye Ulusal Ormancılık Programı, Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı, Ankara, Turkey.
  • DKMPGM (Doğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü / General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks), 2018. Korunan Alan İstatistikleri-2016, http://www.milliparklar.gov.tr/AnaSayfa/istatistik_2018.aspx?sflang=tr, [Access Date: 14.02.2018].
  • Erdoğan, N., Erdoğan, İ., 2016. An Alternative View of Ecotourism with a Specific Reference to Turkey, In: Egresi, I., (Ed), Alternative Tourism in Turkey Role, Potential Development and Sustainability, Springer, Switzerland, 299-318.
  • FAO, 2015a. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015, How are the world’s forest changing?, 2nd Edition, FAO Forestry Paper 163, Rome.
  • FAO, 2015b. Global Forest Resource Assessment Desk Reference, Rome.
  • Fennell, D.A., 2015. Ecotourism, Routledge Publishing, New York, ISBN: 978-0-203-38211-0.
  • KB (Kalkınma Bakanlığı / Ministry of Development), 2014. 10. Kalkınma Planı 2014-2018 Sürdürülebilir Orman Yönetimi Özel İhtisas Komisyon Raporu, Kalkınma Bakanlığı, Ankara, Turkey.
  • KTB (Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı / Ministry of Culture and Tourism), 2007. Tourism Strategy of Turkey-2023, Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, Ankara, Turkey.
  • KTB (Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı / Ministry of Culture and Tourism), 2017. Turizm Gelir, Gider ve Ortalama Harcama, http://yigm.kulturturizm.gov.tr/TR,72942/turizm-gelir-gider-ve-ortalama-harcama .html, [Access Date: 21.02.2017].
  • Kuvan, Y., 2005a. The Use of Forests for the Purpose of Tourism: The Case of Belek Tourism Center in Turkey, Journal of Environmental Management, 75(3): 263-274.
  • Kuvan, Y., 2005b. Ormanların Turizm Yatırımlarına Tahsisi (Antalya-Belek Örneği). İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 55(1): 67-83.
  • Kuvan, Y., 2010. Mass Tourism Development and Deforestation in Turkey. Anatolia 21: 155-168.
  • Kuvan, Y., 2012a. Assessing the Impacts of Tourism on Forests: Mass Tourism and Policy in Turkey, Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 11(8), 1415-1424.
  • Kuvan, Y., 2012b. Doğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar, İstanbul Üniversitesi Basım ve Yayınevi Müdürlüğü, İstanbul. Mann, C., Pouta, E., Gentin, S., Jensen F.S., 2010. Outdoor recreation in forest policy and legislation: A European comparison. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 9(4): 303-312.
  • Manning, R.E., Anderson, L.E., 2012. Managing Outdoor Recreation Case Studies National Parks, CABI, London.
  • Morales-Hidalgo, D., Oswalt, S. N., Somanathan, E., 2015. Status and Trends in Global Primary Forest, Protected Areas, and Areas Designated for Conservation of Biodiversity from the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015. Forest Ecoloy and Management 352: 68-77.
  • OGM (Orman Genel Müdürlüğü / General Directorate of Forestry), 2012. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Stratejik Planı (2013-2017). Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, Turkey.
  • OGM (Orman Genel Müdürlüğü / General Directorate of Forestry), 2015a. Türkiye Orman Varlığı, Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, Turkey.
  • OGM (Orman Genel Müdürlüğü / General Directorate of Forestry), 2015b. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü 2015 Yılı Faaliyet Raporu, Ankara, Turkey.
  • OGM (Orman Genel Müdürlüğü / General Directorate of Forestry), 2016. Oduna Dayalı Orman Ürünlerinin Üretim ve Pazarlama Faaliyetleri, Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
  • OGM (Orman Genel Müdürlüğü / General Directorate of Forestry), 2017a. Ormancılık İstatistikleri-2016,https://www.ogm.gov.tr/ekutuphane/Sayfalar/Istatistikler.aspx?RootFolder=%2Fekutuphane%2FIstatistikler%2FOrmanc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k%20%C4%B0statistikleri&FolderCTID=0x012000301D182F8CB9FC49963274E712A2DC00&View={4B3B693B-B532-4C7F-A2D0-732F715C89CC, [Access Date: 01.10.2017].
  • OGM (Orman Genel Müdürlüğü / General Directorate of Forestry), 2017b. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Stratejik Planı (2017-2021), Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, Turkey.
  • OSİB (Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı / Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs), 2012. Stratejik Plan (2013-2017), Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Ankara, Turkey.
  • OSİB (Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı / Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs), 2017a. Stratejik Plan (2017-2021), Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Ankara, Turkey.
  • OSİB (Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı / Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs), 2017b. 2017 Yılı Performans Programı, Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Petrosillo, I., Zurlini, G., Corliano, M.E., Zaccarelli, N., Dadamo, M., 2007. Tourist perception of recreational environment and management in a marine protected area. Landscape and Urban Planning 79: 29–37.
  • TIES, 2016. Ecotourism Definition, https://www.ecotourism.org/news/ties-announces-ecotourism-principles-revision, [Access Date: 21.02.2017].
  • Tucker, H., 2016. Community-Based Tourism as Sustainable Development, In: Egresi, I., (Ed), Alternative Tourism in Turkey Role, Potential Development and Sustainability, Springer, Switzerland, 335-348.
  • Türker, M.F., Aydın, İ.Z., Aydın, T., 2014. Ecotourism activities for sustainability and management of forest protected areas: A case of Camili biosphere reserve area, Turkey, In: Nakagoshi, N., Mabuhay, J.A. (Eds), Designing Low Carbon Societies in Landscapes, Springer, Japan, 253-269.
  • TÜRSAB (Türkiye Seyahat Acentaları Birliği / Association of Turkish Travel Agencies), 2017. Foreign Visitors Figure & Tourist Spendings by Years, http://www.tursab.org.tr/en/tourism-data/statistics/foreign-visitors-figure-tourist-spendings-by-years_1083.html, [Access Date: 21.02.2017].
  • UNEP-WCMC and IUCN, 2016. Update on Global Statistics from Protected Planet Report 2016, https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/protected-planet-report-2016/december-2016--global-update, [Ziyaret Tarihi: 15.09.2017].
  • UNWTO, 2014. Global Report on Adventure Tourism, Madrid.
  • UNWTO, 2017. Tourism Highlights, World Tourism Organization, Madrid.
  • Yurdakul Erol, S.Y., Kuvan, Y.,Yıldırım, H.T., 2011. The general characteristics and main problems of national parks in Turkey. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6(23): 5377-5385.

Management of forest areas used for ecotourism and recreation in Turkey

Year 2018, Volume: 68 Issue: 2, 114 - 121, 20.07.2018

Abstract

DOI: 10.26650/ forestist.2018.345971


Forests have major natural attraction for
tourists and play an important role in the interaction between the environment
and tourism. Turkey is facing an increasing pressure on its natural resources
due to uncontrolled tourism growth that is aimed at achieving short-term
economic benefits. Hence, the main objectives of the study are to, describe the
main features of Turkey’s forest resources that are used for ecotourism and
recreation, highlight the related issues in current policy documents, and
emphasize the problems that have occurred during its management process. The
data was collected by contacting officials and analyzing the contents of
national policy documents. It was found out that the use of Turkey’s forest
resources for the purpose of recreation has increased recently. However, public
authorities have not substantially improved the visitor management and
monitoring systems. Harmonization of tourism and recreation-related utilization
with conservation objectives, prioritization of more effective planning and
controlling studies, and enhancing communication, cooperation, and
collaboration among the interest groups are the major suggestions of the study.

References

  • Atmış, E., 2018. A critical review of the (potentially) negative impacts of current protected area policies on the nature conservation of forests in Turkey. Land Use Policy 70(2018): 675-684.
  • Atmış, E., Günşen, H.B., Yücedağ, C., Lise, Wietze, 2012. Status, use and management of urban forests in Turkey. SEEFOR 3(2): 69-78.
  • ÇOB (Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı / Ministry of Environment and Forestry), 2004. Türkiye Ulusal Ormancılık Programı, Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı, Ankara, Turkey.
  • DKMPGM (Doğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü / General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks), 2018. Korunan Alan İstatistikleri-2016, http://www.milliparklar.gov.tr/AnaSayfa/istatistik_2018.aspx?sflang=tr, [Access Date: 14.02.2018].
  • Erdoğan, N., Erdoğan, İ., 2016. An Alternative View of Ecotourism with a Specific Reference to Turkey, In: Egresi, I., (Ed), Alternative Tourism in Turkey Role, Potential Development and Sustainability, Springer, Switzerland, 299-318.
  • FAO, 2015a. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015, How are the world’s forest changing?, 2nd Edition, FAO Forestry Paper 163, Rome.
  • FAO, 2015b. Global Forest Resource Assessment Desk Reference, Rome.
  • Fennell, D.A., 2015. Ecotourism, Routledge Publishing, New York, ISBN: 978-0-203-38211-0.
  • KB (Kalkınma Bakanlığı / Ministry of Development), 2014. 10. Kalkınma Planı 2014-2018 Sürdürülebilir Orman Yönetimi Özel İhtisas Komisyon Raporu, Kalkınma Bakanlığı, Ankara, Turkey.
  • KTB (Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı / Ministry of Culture and Tourism), 2007. Tourism Strategy of Turkey-2023, Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, Ankara, Turkey.
  • KTB (Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı / Ministry of Culture and Tourism), 2017. Turizm Gelir, Gider ve Ortalama Harcama, http://yigm.kulturturizm.gov.tr/TR,72942/turizm-gelir-gider-ve-ortalama-harcama .html, [Access Date: 21.02.2017].
  • Kuvan, Y., 2005a. The Use of Forests for the Purpose of Tourism: The Case of Belek Tourism Center in Turkey, Journal of Environmental Management, 75(3): 263-274.
  • Kuvan, Y., 2005b. Ormanların Turizm Yatırımlarına Tahsisi (Antalya-Belek Örneği). İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 55(1): 67-83.
  • Kuvan, Y., 2010. Mass Tourism Development and Deforestation in Turkey. Anatolia 21: 155-168.
  • Kuvan, Y., 2012a. Assessing the Impacts of Tourism on Forests: Mass Tourism and Policy in Turkey, Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 11(8), 1415-1424.
  • Kuvan, Y., 2012b. Doğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar, İstanbul Üniversitesi Basım ve Yayınevi Müdürlüğü, İstanbul. Mann, C., Pouta, E., Gentin, S., Jensen F.S., 2010. Outdoor recreation in forest policy and legislation: A European comparison. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 9(4): 303-312.
  • Manning, R.E., Anderson, L.E., 2012. Managing Outdoor Recreation Case Studies National Parks, CABI, London.
  • Morales-Hidalgo, D., Oswalt, S. N., Somanathan, E., 2015. Status and Trends in Global Primary Forest, Protected Areas, and Areas Designated for Conservation of Biodiversity from the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015. Forest Ecoloy and Management 352: 68-77.
  • OGM (Orman Genel Müdürlüğü / General Directorate of Forestry), 2012. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Stratejik Planı (2013-2017). Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, Turkey.
  • OGM (Orman Genel Müdürlüğü / General Directorate of Forestry), 2015a. Türkiye Orman Varlığı, Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, Turkey.
  • OGM (Orman Genel Müdürlüğü / General Directorate of Forestry), 2015b. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü 2015 Yılı Faaliyet Raporu, Ankara, Turkey.
  • OGM (Orman Genel Müdürlüğü / General Directorate of Forestry), 2016. Oduna Dayalı Orman Ürünlerinin Üretim ve Pazarlama Faaliyetleri, Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
  • OGM (Orman Genel Müdürlüğü / General Directorate of Forestry), 2017a. Ormancılık İstatistikleri-2016,https://www.ogm.gov.tr/ekutuphane/Sayfalar/Istatistikler.aspx?RootFolder=%2Fekutuphane%2FIstatistikler%2FOrmanc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k%20%C4%B0statistikleri&FolderCTID=0x012000301D182F8CB9FC49963274E712A2DC00&View={4B3B693B-B532-4C7F-A2D0-732F715C89CC, [Access Date: 01.10.2017].
  • OGM (Orman Genel Müdürlüğü / General Directorate of Forestry), 2017b. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Stratejik Planı (2017-2021), Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, Turkey.
  • OSİB (Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı / Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs), 2012. Stratejik Plan (2013-2017), Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Ankara, Turkey.
  • OSİB (Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı / Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs), 2017a. Stratejik Plan (2017-2021), Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Ankara, Turkey.
  • OSİB (Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı / Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs), 2017b. 2017 Yılı Performans Programı, Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Petrosillo, I., Zurlini, G., Corliano, M.E., Zaccarelli, N., Dadamo, M., 2007. Tourist perception of recreational environment and management in a marine protected area. Landscape and Urban Planning 79: 29–37.
  • TIES, 2016. Ecotourism Definition, https://www.ecotourism.org/news/ties-announces-ecotourism-principles-revision, [Access Date: 21.02.2017].
  • Tucker, H., 2016. Community-Based Tourism as Sustainable Development, In: Egresi, I., (Ed), Alternative Tourism in Turkey Role, Potential Development and Sustainability, Springer, Switzerland, 335-348.
  • Türker, M.F., Aydın, İ.Z., Aydın, T., 2014. Ecotourism activities for sustainability and management of forest protected areas: A case of Camili biosphere reserve area, Turkey, In: Nakagoshi, N., Mabuhay, J.A. (Eds), Designing Low Carbon Societies in Landscapes, Springer, Japan, 253-269.
  • TÜRSAB (Türkiye Seyahat Acentaları Birliği / Association of Turkish Travel Agencies), 2017. Foreign Visitors Figure & Tourist Spendings by Years, http://www.tursab.org.tr/en/tourism-data/statistics/foreign-visitors-figure-tourist-spendings-by-years_1083.html, [Access Date: 21.02.2017].
  • UNEP-WCMC and IUCN, 2016. Update on Global Statistics from Protected Planet Report 2016, https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/protected-planet-report-2016/december-2016--global-update, [Ziyaret Tarihi: 15.09.2017].
  • UNWTO, 2014. Global Report on Adventure Tourism, Madrid.
  • UNWTO, 2017. Tourism Highlights, World Tourism Organization, Madrid.
  • Yurdakul Erol, S.Y., Kuvan, Y.,Yıldırım, H.T., 2011. The general characteristics and main problems of national parks in Turkey. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6(23): 5377-5385.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Yalçın Kuvan This is me

Seçil Yurdakul Erol This is me

Gizem Şahin

Publication Date July 20, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 68 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kuvan, Y., Yurdakul Erol, S., & Şahin, G. (2018). Management of forest areas used for ecotourism and recreation in Turkey. Forestist, 68(2), 114-121.
AMA Kuvan Y, Yurdakul Erol S, Şahin G. Management of forest areas used for ecotourism and recreation in Turkey. FORESTIST. July 2018;68(2):114-121.
Chicago Kuvan, Yalçın, Seçil Yurdakul Erol, and Gizem Şahin. “Management of Forest Areas Used for Ecotourism and Recreation in Turkey”. Forestist 68, no. 2 (July 2018): 114-21.
EndNote Kuvan Y, Yurdakul Erol S, Şahin G (July 1, 2018) Management of forest areas used for ecotourism and recreation in Turkey. Forestist 68 2 114–121.
IEEE Y. Kuvan, S. Yurdakul Erol, and G. Şahin, “Management of forest areas used for ecotourism and recreation in Turkey”, FORESTIST, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 114–121, 2018.
ISNAD Kuvan, Yalçın et al. “Management of Forest Areas Used for Ecotourism and Recreation in Turkey”. Forestist 68/2 (July 2018), 114-121.
JAMA Kuvan Y, Yurdakul Erol S, Şahin G. Management of forest areas used for ecotourism and recreation in Turkey. FORESTIST. 2018;68:114–121.
MLA Kuvan, Yalçın et al. “Management of Forest Areas Used for Ecotourism and Recreation in Turkey”. Forestist, vol. 68, no. 2, 2018, pp. 114-21.
Vancouver Kuvan Y, Yurdakul Erol S, Şahin G. Management of forest areas used for ecotourism and recreation in Turkey. FORESTIST. 2018;68(2):114-21.