Yükseköğretimde Devlet ve Vakıf Üniversiteleri: Sorunlar ve Politika Önerileri

Year 2018, Issue: 642, 769 - 792, 01.08.2018

Mustafa Aykaç Bahar Baysal Kar

Abstract

Otuz yılı aşkın bir süredir, dünya ekonomisinde piyasa odaklı düzenleme rejiminin yükselişi, diğer birçok sektörde olduğu gibi, yükseköğretim alanında da etkili olmuştur. Özel üniversiteler, devlete ait öğretim kurumlarıyla kıyaslandığında artan biçimde dikkat çekmeye başlamıştır. Kâr amacı güden özel kurumların piyasa payı artarken, diğer kurumlarla arasındaki rekabet de yoğunlaşmıştır. Bazı ülkelerde öğrenim harcı uygulamasına başlanırken, bazılarında ise harç düzeylerinde artış yaşanmıştır. Yükseköğretimin finansmanında devlet dışı mali kaynaklar, devlet fonlarındaki azalış nedeniyle belirginleşmiştir. Fakat bu piyasalaşma sürecine rağmen, literatürde yükseköğretimde serbest piyasa modeline muhalefet edilir. Çünkü yükseköğretimin üretiminin ve tüketiminin doğası, bir piyasa modeli geliştirmeyi imkânsız hale getirmektedir. Piyasa temelinde yükseköğretim sağlanması, devlet düzenlemesi olmaksızın kamu refahını maksimize etmemektedir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmanın iki temel amacı vardır. Birinci amaç yükseköğretim piyasasını serbest bir piyasa olarak kavramsallaştırmaya engel olan temel özellikleri ortaya koymaktır. İkinci amaç, piyasa başarısızlıklarını analiz etmek ve piyasa güçlerine maruz kalan yükseköğretim sistemlerinin toplumsal faydalarını maksimize etmeye yardımcı olacak politikaları ele almaktır

Keywords

Yükseköğretim, serbest piyasa, piyasalaşma, rekabet, kamu malı

Public and Foundation Universities in Higher Education: Problems and Policy Proposals

Abstract

For more than thirty years the rise of a market-oriented regulation regime in the world economy has been influential in higher education realm, as in many other sectors. The private universities have become progressively prominent in comparison to public higher education institutions. While the market share of private –for profit-institutions has grown, competition with other institution has intensified. In some countries tuition fee has introduced, while it has increased in others. In higher education financing non-state financial resources has come to prominence because of the shortage of public funds. However, in the literature it has been challenged to the free market model in higher education despite this process of marketization. Because the nature of the production and consumption of higher education makes developing a market model impossible. The provision of higher education on the market basis would not maximize public welfare without state regulation. In this context this paper has two main purposes. The first purpose is to introduce the main characteristics that constraint conceptualizing the higher education market as a free market. The second purpose is to analyze market failures and to address policies that will help to maximize the social benefits of higher education systems expose to market forces

Keywords

Higher education, free market, marketization, competition, public good

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