Ulusal İnovasyon Sistemi İçerisinde Kamu ile Özel Sektör AR-GE Faaliyetlerinin Etkileşimi

Year 2018, Issue: 640, 549 - 562, 01.06.2018

Özcan Karahan , Metehan Yılgör

Abstract

Verimliliğe dayalı büyüme oranını sürekli bir biçimde artırmak için temel koşul ekonomik sisteminin yenilik yaratma kapasitesini geliştirmektir. Böylece Araştırma Geliştirme (AR-GE) faaliyetleri günümüzde büyük önem kazanmıştır. Buna bağlı olarak kamunun gerçekleştirdiği AR-GE faaliyetlerinin hacmi de genişlemiştir. Ancak serbest piyasa mekanizmasını savunan Klasik görüş kamunun yürüttüğü AR-GE faaliyetlerinin özel sektör AR-GE faaliyetlerini kısıtladığı için verimsiz olduğunu iddia etmektedir. Buna karşın, inovasyon sürecini sistematik yöntemle analiz eden Modern yaklaşım kamu AR-GE faaliyetlerinin pozitif dışsallık yarattığını ileri sürmektedir. Çalışmamızın amacı yukarıda belirtilen iddiaları test etmektir. Bu kapsamda Avrupa Birliğine üye on dokuz ülkenin 1999-2014 yılları arasındaki yıllık verileri Panel Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik testleri çerçevesinde analiz edilmiştir. Ampirik sonuçlar Avrupa ülkelerinde hızla büyüyen kamu AR-GE faaliyetlerinin özel sektör AR-GE faaliyetlerinin üzerinde tamamlayıcılık etkisine sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Böylece ulusal inovasyon sistemini geliştirmek için kamu AR-GE faaliyetlerinin artırılmasına yönelik uygulamalar etkin bir politika tercihi olabilir

Keywords

AR-GE Harcamaları, İnovasyon Politikaları

The Interactions between Public and Private Sector R&D Activities in the National Innovation System

Abstract

Basic requirement for permanent increase in the ratio of productivity growth is to improve the innovative capability of economic system. Thus, the financing of Research and Development (RD) activities gains huge significance. Accordingly, public RD activities also reach big volumes. However, Classical approach advocating free market mechanism argues that public RD activities are not productive since they have a negative impact on private RD activities. Contrarily, Modern approach analysing the innovation process by using systematic framework asserts that public RD activities create positive spillover effects. Our study aims to test the arguments indicated above. For this aim, we examine the yearly values between 1999 and 2014 for nineteen countries member of European Union by employing Panel Cointegration and Causality techniques. Findings indicate that public RD activities have a complementary effect on private RD activities. Thus, applications towards increasing public RD activities can be preferred in order to enhance the capability of national innovation system

Keywords

RD Expenditures, Innovation Policies

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