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İtalya’daki Kültürel ve Mali Müştereklerin Teori ve Pratiği

Year 2018, Issue: 637, 81 - 94, 01.03.2018

Abstract

Anaakım iktisat literatüründe, kullanımlarında rekabetin olduğu ancak kişileri sözkonusu malın tüketiminden dışlamanın mümkün olmadığı mallar, müşterekler olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Ancak müşterekler literatürü, geniş bir içerik yelpazesine sahip olan oldukça farklı malları içermekte ve bu durum, müştereklerin temel tanımının tartışmalı hale gelmesine neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca, müştereklerin yönetim biçimleri de ekonomik ve politik açıdan incelenen alanlardır. Buna ek olarak 2000’li yılların başı itibariyle müşterekler konusu, toplumsal hareketleri, bu alanda pratik deneyimleri ve ilgili yasal çerçeveler için yeni önermeleri teşvik etmekte ve teorik tartışmalara neden olmaktadır. Makalenin amacı gerek sözkonusu teorik alandaki tartışmalara katkı sunmak, gerekse de maliye yazınında öneme sahip olan italyan ekolünün müşterekler konusundaki çalışmalarının içeriğini incelemek ve ülkedeki müşterekler alanındaki pratik deneyimleri araştırmaktır. Bu bağlamda, İtalya’daki mali/bütçesel müşterekler (euro bölgesinin ikinci en yüksek kamu borçları) ve ayrıca kültürel müşterekler (doğal veya insan yapımı) tartışılacak ve bunlarla ilgili toplumsal hareketler yorumlanacaktır.

References

  • ANDRLE, M., HEBOUS, S., KANGUR, A. and MEHDİ, R. ; (2017), Italy: Selected Issues, IMF Country Report, No. 17/238, https://www.imf.org/~/media/Files/Publications/CR/2017/ cr17238.ashx, 12.10.2017.
  • BALMER, I. and BERNET, T.; (2015), “Housing as a common resource? Decommodification and self-organization in housing - Examples from Germany and Switzerland”. In M. Dellenbaugh, M. Kip, M. Bieniok, A. K. Müller, & M. Schwegmann (Eds.), Urban Commons: Moving Beyond State and Market, pp. 178-195, Basel: Birkhäuser, http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00- 001M-0000-0029-2BB7-9, 10.11.2017.
  • BAZZOLİ, Nico; (2016), “La Costruzione Del Comune Nella Citta’ Neoliberalista: La Dimensione Costituente Della Lotta Per La Casa Nella Gentrificazione Della Bolognina”, Commons/Comune. Geografie, Luoghi, Spazi, Città, Società di Studi Geografici. Memorie Geografiche, NS 14, Firenze, pp. 133-138, https://www.memotef.uniroma1.it/sites/dipartimento/ files/commons/AaVv_Commons_2016_intero.pdf, 20.10.2017.
  • BOLİER, David; (2014), The Teatro Valle Occupation Ends -- and a New Theater Commons Begins, http://www.bollier.org/ blog/teatro-valle-occupation-ends-and-new-theater-commonsbegins, 05.10.2017.
  • CAFFENTZİS, G.; (2004), “A Tale of Two Conferences: Globalization, the Crisis of Neoliberalism and Question of the Commons”, Alter-Globalization Conference, Mexico, San Miguel de Allende, http://sduk.us/silvia_george_david/caffentzis_a_tale_ of_two_conferences.pdf, 01.11. 2012.
  • CALEO, Ilenia; (2016), “Re/Play The Commons. Pratiche e Immaginazione Politica Nei Movimenti Culturali Per I Beni Comuni”, Commons/Comune. Geografie, Luoghi, Spazi, Città, NS 14, Firenze, pp. 13-24, https://www.memotef.uniroma1.it/sites/ dipartimento/files/commons/AaVv_Commons_2016_intero. pdf, 28.10.2017.
  • CARESTİATO, Nadia; (2008), Beni Comuni e Proprietà Collettiva Come Attori Territoriali Per Lo Sviluppo Locale, Tesi di Laurea, Universita degli studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Geografia “G. Morandini” Scuola di Dottorato di Ricerca in Territorio Ambiente Risorse Salute Indirizzo “Uomo e Ambiente”, http://paduaresearch.cab.unipd.it/903/1/Tesi_Carestiato.pdf, 18.11.2017.
  • CASTRONOVO, Alioscia; (2016), Fabbriche Recuperate e Pratiche Del Comune Nello Spazio Urbano”, Commons/Comune. Geografie, Luoghi, Spazi, Città, Società di studi geografici. Memorie geografiche NS 14, Firenze, pp. 101-107, https:// www.memotef.uniroma1.it/sites/dipartimento/files/commons/ AaVv_Commons_2016_intero.pdf, 22.10.2017.
  • CELATA, Filippo and GEMMİNİ, Roberta; (2016), “Introduzione”, Commons/Comune. Geografie, Luoghi, Spazi, Città, Memorie geografiche NS 14, Firenze, pp. 7-10, https://www. memotef.uniroma1.it/sites/dipartimento/files/commons/AaVv_ Commons_2016_intero.pdf, 20.10.2017.
  • CORTESE, Fulvio; (2017), “Che Cosa Sono I Beni Comuni? Prospettive Dal dibattito Italiano” Revista da Faculdade de Direito da UFMG, Nº Especial - 2 nd Conference Brazil-Italy, pp. 121 – 146, https://www.direito.ufmg.br/revista/index.php/ revista/article/download/1828/1731, 02.10.2017.
  • Costituente dei Beni Comuni- http://www.costituentedeibenicomuni.org/, 29.10.2017.
  • DEL RENO, G., Dİ GİOVAMBATTİSTA, A. and BEVİLACQUA, V.; (2017), Le spese Fiscali in Italia nel Primo Rapporto Annuale 2016, Documento di Analisi N. 8, Senato dela Republica, http://www.camera.it/temiap/allegati/2017/09/20/OCD177- 3045.pdf, 20.11.2017.
  • DE MOOR, T.; (2011), “From Common Pastures to Global Commons: A Historical Perspective on Interdisciplinary Approaches to Commons”, Natures Science Societies 19(4), pp. 54-63 http://vkc.library.uu.nl/vkc/seh/research/Documents/_ PUB_FromCommonPastures_Full.pdf, 10.05.2013.
  • DESSER, C.; (2008), Art and the Commons, a speech that Chris Desser gave to the California College of the Arts, http:// www.onthecommons.org/art-and-commons, indirilme tarihi: 15.05.2013.
  • DOLSAK, N. and OSTROM, E.; (2003), “The Challenges of the Commons”, N Dolsak and E Ostrom (edt), The Commons in the New Millenium- Challenges and Adaptation, USA: The MIT Press, pp. 3-34.

Theory and Practice of Fiscal and Cultural Commons in Italy

Year 2018, Issue: 637, 81 - 94, 01.03.2018

Abstract

In mainstream economics literature, goods that are rivalrous but non-excludable are called commons. However, historically the literature of commons contains quite different goods with a large range of different types of content; this makes the validity of the basic definition of commons controversial. Besides, the forms of governance that depend on them are also economically and politically debatable. In this manner, by the early 2000s, the commons issue has encouraged theoretical debates, as well as social movements, practical experiences, and new proposals to construct legal frameworks in different fields of commons. The purpose of the paper is to contribute to this theoretical discussion and also to examine the contents of the commons especially in the Italian school of economists, which has significant importance in the field of public finance, and to explore practical experiences about commons in Italy. In this context, Italian fiscalbudgetary commons (including Italy’s public debt which is the second highest in the euro zone) and also Italian cultural commons (natural or human-made) will be discussed and social movements concerning them will be interpreted.

References

  • ANDRLE, M., HEBOUS, S., KANGUR, A. and MEHDİ, R. ; (2017), Italy: Selected Issues, IMF Country Report, No. 17/238, https://www.imf.org/~/media/Files/Publications/CR/2017/ cr17238.ashx, 12.10.2017.
  • BALMER, I. and BERNET, T.; (2015), “Housing as a common resource? Decommodification and self-organization in housing - Examples from Germany and Switzerland”. In M. Dellenbaugh, M. Kip, M. Bieniok, A. K. Müller, & M. Schwegmann (Eds.), Urban Commons: Moving Beyond State and Market, pp. 178-195, Basel: Birkhäuser, http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00- 001M-0000-0029-2BB7-9, 10.11.2017.
  • BAZZOLİ, Nico; (2016), “La Costruzione Del Comune Nella Citta’ Neoliberalista: La Dimensione Costituente Della Lotta Per La Casa Nella Gentrificazione Della Bolognina”, Commons/Comune. Geografie, Luoghi, Spazi, Città, Società di Studi Geografici. Memorie Geografiche, NS 14, Firenze, pp. 133-138, https://www.memotef.uniroma1.it/sites/dipartimento/ files/commons/AaVv_Commons_2016_intero.pdf, 20.10.2017.
  • BOLİER, David; (2014), The Teatro Valle Occupation Ends -- and a New Theater Commons Begins, http://www.bollier.org/ blog/teatro-valle-occupation-ends-and-new-theater-commonsbegins, 05.10.2017.
  • CAFFENTZİS, G.; (2004), “A Tale of Two Conferences: Globalization, the Crisis of Neoliberalism and Question of the Commons”, Alter-Globalization Conference, Mexico, San Miguel de Allende, http://sduk.us/silvia_george_david/caffentzis_a_tale_ of_two_conferences.pdf, 01.11. 2012.
  • CALEO, Ilenia; (2016), “Re/Play The Commons. Pratiche e Immaginazione Politica Nei Movimenti Culturali Per I Beni Comuni”, Commons/Comune. Geografie, Luoghi, Spazi, Città, NS 14, Firenze, pp. 13-24, https://www.memotef.uniroma1.it/sites/ dipartimento/files/commons/AaVv_Commons_2016_intero. pdf, 28.10.2017.
  • CARESTİATO, Nadia; (2008), Beni Comuni e Proprietà Collettiva Come Attori Territoriali Per Lo Sviluppo Locale, Tesi di Laurea, Universita degli studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Geografia “G. Morandini” Scuola di Dottorato di Ricerca in Territorio Ambiente Risorse Salute Indirizzo “Uomo e Ambiente”, http://paduaresearch.cab.unipd.it/903/1/Tesi_Carestiato.pdf, 18.11.2017.
  • CASTRONOVO, Alioscia; (2016), Fabbriche Recuperate e Pratiche Del Comune Nello Spazio Urbano”, Commons/Comune. Geografie, Luoghi, Spazi, Città, Società di studi geografici. Memorie geografiche NS 14, Firenze, pp. 101-107, https:// www.memotef.uniroma1.it/sites/dipartimento/files/commons/ AaVv_Commons_2016_intero.pdf, 22.10.2017.
  • CELATA, Filippo and GEMMİNİ, Roberta; (2016), “Introduzione”, Commons/Comune. Geografie, Luoghi, Spazi, Città, Memorie geografiche NS 14, Firenze, pp. 7-10, https://www. memotef.uniroma1.it/sites/dipartimento/files/commons/AaVv_ Commons_2016_intero.pdf, 20.10.2017.
  • CORTESE, Fulvio; (2017), “Che Cosa Sono I Beni Comuni? Prospettive Dal dibattito Italiano” Revista da Faculdade de Direito da UFMG, Nº Especial - 2 nd Conference Brazil-Italy, pp. 121 – 146, https://www.direito.ufmg.br/revista/index.php/ revista/article/download/1828/1731, 02.10.2017.
  • Costituente dei Beni Comuni- http://www.costituentedeibenicomuni.org/, 29.10.2017.
  • DEL RENO, G., Dİ GİOVAMBATTİSTA, A. and BEVİLACQUA, V.; (2017), Le spese Fiscali in Italia nel Primo Rapporto Annuale 2016, Documento di Analisi N. 8, Senato dela Republica, http://www.camera.it/temiap/allegati/2017/09/20/OCD177- 3045.pdf, 20.11.2017.
  • DE MOOR, T.; (2011), “From Common Pastures to Global Commons: A Historical Perspective on Interdisciplinary Approaches to Commons”, Natures Science Societies 19(4), pp. 54-63 http://vkc.library.uu.nl/vkc/seh/research/Documents/_ PUB_FromCommonPastures_Full.pdf, 10.05.2013.
  • DESSER, C.; (2008), Art and the Commons, a speech that Chris Desser gave to the California College of the Arts, http:// www.onthecommons.org/art-and-commons, indirilme tarihi: 15.05.2013.
  • DOLSAK, N. and OSTROM, E.; (2003), “The Challenges of the Commons”, N Dolsak and E Ostrom (edt), The Commons in the New Millenium- Challenges and Adaptation, USA: The MIT Press, pp. 3-34.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Berna Uymaz This is me

Publication Date March 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Issue: 637

Cite

APA Uymaz, B. (2018). Theory and Practice of Fiscal and Cultural Commons in Italy. Finans Politik Ve Ekonomik Yorumlar(637), 81-94.
AMA Uymaz B. Theory and Practice of Fiscal and Cultural Commons in Italy. FPEYD. March 2018;(637):81-94.
Chicago Uymaz, Berna. “Theory and Practice of Fiscal and Cultural Commons in Italy”. Finans Politik Ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, no. 637 (March 2018): 81-94.
EndNote Uymaz B (March 1, 2018) Theory and Practice of Fiscal and Cultural Commons in Italy. Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar 637 81–94.
IEEE B. Uymaz, “Theory and Practice of Fiscal and Cultural Commons in Italy”, FPEYD, no. 637, pp. 81–94, March 2018.
ISNAD Uymaz, Berna. “Theory and Practice of Fiscal and Cultural Commons in Italy”. Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar 637 (March 2018), 81-94.
JAMA Uymaz B. Theory and Practice of Fiscal and Cultural Commons in Italy. FPEYD. 2018;:81–94.
MLA Uymaz, Berna. “Theory and Practice of Fiscal and Cultural Commons in Italy”. Finans Politik Ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, no. 637, 2018, pp. 81-94.
Vancouver Uymaz B. Theory and Practice of Fiscal and Cultural Commons in Italy. FPEYD. 2018(637):81-94.