Türkiye’de Banka Kredilerindeki Genişleme ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki
Year 2018,
Issue: 636, 25 - 36, 01.02.2018
Özcan Karahan
,
Metehan Yılgör
Ayça Aysun Özekin
Abstract
Finansal gelişme ile büyüme arasındaki ilişki üzerine yoğunlaşan araştırmaların önemli bir bölümü banka kredilerindeki genişlemenin ekonomik büyümeye yol açtığını ileri sürmektedir. Buna karşılık bir grup iktisatçı ise ekonomik büyümenin banka kredi hacmini artırıcı yönde etki yarattığını iddia etmektedir. Böylece banka kredileri ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisinin yönü hakkında iktisatçılar arasında ortak bir fikir birliği yoktur. Bu durum banka kredi hacmini geliştirerek ekonomik büyümeyi artırmayı amaçlayan para politikalarının etkinliğini de tartışmalı hale getirmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye tecrübesini analiz ederek, literatürde tartışılan bu konu ile ilgili yeni bir açıklama getirmektir. Buna uygun olarak banka kredileri ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik analizleri çerçevesinde 2002:1 ile 2016:4 dönemi içindeki veri setini kullanarak incelenmiştir. Ampirik sonuçlara göre banka kredi hacmindeki genişlemelerle ekonomik büyüme arasında çift yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmaktadır. Bu sonuç Türkiye’de ekonomik büyüme hedefi çerçevesinde banka kredi hacmini genişletmeye yönelik para politikası uygulamasının etkin olduğunu göstermektedir.
References
- ALFARO, Rodgigo., HELMUT Franken, CARLOS Garcia ve ALEJANDRO Jara, A; (2003). Bank Lending Channel and the Monetary Transmission Mechanism: The Case of Chile. Central Bank of Chile Working Paper No: 223.
- ASLAN Özgür ve İSMAİL Küçükaksoy; (2006). Finansal Gelişme ve Ekonomik büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi Üzerine Ekonometrik Bir Uygulama, Ekonometri ve İstatistik, 4, 12-28.
- BECK, Thorsten. And ROSS Levine; (2004). Stocks Markets, Banks, and Growth: Panel Evidence. Journal of Banking and Finance, 28, 423.442.
- BELINGA Thierry, ZHOU Jun, DOUMBE Eric, GAHE Zimy Samuel Yannick, KOFFI Yao Stephane Landry; (2016). Causality Relationship between Bank Credit and Economic Growth: Evidence from a Time Series Analysis on a Vector Error Correction Model in Cameroon. 12th International Strategic Management Conference, 28-30 October 2016, Antalya, Turkey
- CALDERON Cesar and LIN Liu ;(2003), The Direction of Causality between Financial Development and Economic Growth. Journal of Development Economics, 72 (1), 321-334.
- CEYLAN, Servet. ve MEHMET Durkaya; (2010). Türkiye’de Kredi Kullanımı Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F Dergisi, 24 (2), 21-33.
- CHAKRABORTY, Indrani; (2008), Does Financial Development Cause Economic Growth? The Case of India. South Asia Economic Journal, 9 (1).
- Dickey, D.A., Fuller W.A. (1981). Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series With a Unit Root. Econometrica, 49(4), 1057-1072.
- DİŞBUDAK Cem; (2010), Analysing the Bank Credit-Economic Growth Nexus in Turkey. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 23, 34-48.
- DUICAN Elena Raluca ve POP Alina (2015). The Implications of Credit Activity on Economic Growth in Romania (2015). Procedia Economics and Finance, 30, 195-201.
- EGBETUNDE Tajudeen; (2012). Bank Credits and Rural Development in Nigeria (1982-2009). International Journal of Finance and Accounting, 1 (3), 45-52.
- GRANGER, C.W.J. (1988). Some Recent Developments in a Concept of Causality. Journal of Econometrics, 39(1-2)199- 211.
- FUFA Tolina ve KIM Jaebeom (2017). Research in International Business and Finance, in press. (http://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0275531917303173).
- GÖÇER İsmet, MEHMET Mercan ve MEHMET Bölükbaş; (2015). Bankacılık Sektörü Kredilerinin İstihdam ve Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkileri: Türkiye Ekonomisi İçin Çoklu Yapısal Kırılmalı Eş Bütünleşme Analizi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, İ.İ.B.F Dergisi, 33 (2), 65-84.
- GUERRA Emmanuel Alejandro Ramirez: (2017). The Economic Growth and the Banking Credit in Mexico: Granger Causality and Short-Term Effects, 2001Q1-2016Q4. Economia Informa, 406, 46-58.
- HASSAN, Kabir M., BENİTO Sanchez and JUNG-SUK Yu; (2011). Financial Development and Economic Growth: New Evidence from Panel Data, The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 51 (1), 88-104.
- JOHANSEN, S and JUSELIUS, K. (1990). Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on ointegration with Application to the Demand for Money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52, 169-210.
- LEITAO, Nuno Carlos; (2012). Bank Credit and Economic Growth, MPRA No:42664, Munich.
- MANDEL R. Benjamin ve SEYDI Joe (2016). Credit Condiitions and Economic Grwoth: Recent Evidence from US Banks, Economic Letters, 147, 63-67.
- MEHMET Mercan; (2013). Kredi Hacmindeki Değişimlerin Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi için Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı. Bankacılar Dergisi, 84, 54-71.
- MCCAIG, Brian and THANASIS Stengos; (2005). Financial Intermediation and Growth: Some Robustness Results. Economics Letters, 88(3), 306–312.
- MUSHTAG Saba; (2016). Causality between Bank’s Major Activities and Economic Growth: Evidences from Pakistan. Financial Innovation, 2 (7), 1-11.
- NARAYAN, P. Kumar and SEEMA Narayan; (2013). The shortrun relationship between the Financial System and Economic Growth: New Evidence from Regional Panels. International Review of Financial Analysis, 29, 70-78.
- OLUTIAN R. Oluwatoyin; (2012). Bank Credit and Economic Growth: Evidence from Nigeria, International Business and Management, 5 (2), 102-110.
- ONUORAH A. Chi and OZURUMBA B. Anayochukwu; (2013). Bank Credits: An Aid to Economic Growth in Nigeria. Information and Knowledge Management, 3 (3), 41-50.
- ÖZCAN Burcu ve AYŞE Arı; (2011). Finansal Gelişme ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin Ampirik Bir Analiz: Türkiye Örneği. Business and Economics Research Journal, 2 (1), 121- 142.
- ÖZCAN Figen, (2007). Finansal Kalkınma ve İktisadi Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Dünya Ülkeleri ve Türkiye Örneği, TCMB, Uzmanlık Yeterlilik Tezi, Ankara.
- ÖZTÜRKLER Harun ve A. HAKAN Çermikli; (2007). Türkiye’de Bir Parasal Aktarım Kanalı olarak Banka Kredileri, Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, 44 (514), 57-68.
- PAGANO, Marco and GIOVANNI. Pica; (2012), “Finance and Employment”, Economic Policy, 27(69), 5-55
- Phillips, P.C.B., Perron P. (1988). Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression. Biometrika, 75, 335–346.
- SAKSONOVA Svetlana ve KOLEDA Olga (2017). Evaluating the Interrelationship between Actions of Latvian Commercial Banks and Latvian Economic Growth. Procedia Engineering, 178, 123-130.
- TAHIR, H. Safdar, IQRA Shehzadi, ALI Ishfaq and MUHAMMAD R. Ullah; (2015). Impact of Bank Lending on Economics Growth in Pakistan: An Empirical Study of Lending to Private Sector. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 5, 565-576.
- TIMSINA Neelam; (2014). Impact of Bank Credit on Economic Growth in Nepal, NRB Working Paper No:22.
- VURUR, N. Serap ve ERCAN Özen; (2013), Türkiye’de Mevduat Banka Kredisi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisinin İncelenmesi.
- Uşak Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6 (3), 117-131.
The Relationship Between Bank Credits and Economic Growth in Turkey
Year 2018,
Issue: 636, 25 - 36, 01.02.2018
Özcan Karahan
,
Metehan Yılgör
Ayça Aysun Özekin
Abstract
Studies examining the interactions among bank credits and economic growth generally argue that expansion of bank credits cause economic growth. Contrarily, some economists assert that economic growth leads to increase in the volume of bank credit. Thus, there is no an agreement among the economists concerning with the direction of causal relationship between bank credit and economic growth. This situation makes the efficiency of monetary policies aiming to economic growth by enhancing bank credits a controversial issue. The aim of study is to shed light on this controversial issue by analysing the case of Turkey. Accordingly, we investigate the causality between bank credits and economic growth by employing Cointegration and Causality Tests to data for the period between 2002:1 and 2016:4. Empirical results indicate that there is a mutual relationship between the expansion of bank credits and economic growth. These results show that monetary policy implementations aiming to economic growth by enhancing the volume of bank credits are effective in Turkey.
References
- ALFARO, Rodgigo., HELMUT Franken, CARLOS Garcia ve ALEJANDRO Jara, A; (2003). Bank Lending Channel and the Monetary Transmission Mechanism: The Case of Chile. Central Bank of Chile Working Paper No: 223.
- ASLAN Özgür ve İSMAİL Küçükaksoy; (2006). Finansal Gelişme ve Ekonomik büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi Üzerine Ekonometrik Bir Uygulama, Ekonometri ve İstatistik, 4, 12-28.
- BECK, Thorsten. And ROSS Levine; (2004). Stocks Markets, Banks, and Growth: Panel Evidence. Journal of Banking and Finance, 28, 423.442.
- BELINGA Thierry, ZHOU Jun, DOUMBE Eric, GAHE Zimy Samuel Yannick, KOFFI Yao Stephane Landry; (2016). Causality Relationship between Bank Credit and Economic Growth: Evidence from a Time Series Analysis on a Vector Error Correction Model in Cameroon. 12th International Strategic Management Conference, 28-30 October 2016, Antalya, Turkey
- CALDERON Cesar and LIN Liu ;(2003), The Direction of Causality between Financial Development and Economic Growth. Journal of Development Economics, 72 (1), 321-334.
- CEYLAN, Servet. ve MEHMET Durkaya; (2010). Türkiye’de Kredi Kullanımı Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F Dergisi, 24 (2), 21-33.
- CHAKRABORTY, Indrani; (2008), Does Financial Development Cause Economic Growth? The Case of India. South Asia Economic Journal, 9 (1).
- Dickey, D.A., Fuller W.A. (1981). Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series With a Unit Root. Econometrica, 49(4), 1057-1072.
- DİŞBUDAK Cem; (2010), Analysing the Bank Credit-Economic Growth Nexus in Turkey. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 23, 34-48.
- DUICAN Elena Raluca ve POP Alina (2015). The Implications of Credit Activity on Economic Growth in Romania (2015). Procedia Economics and Finance, 30, 195-201.
- EGBETUNDE Tajudeen; (2012). Bank Credits and Rural Development in Nigeria (1982-2009). International Journal of Finance and Accounting, 1 (3), 45-52.
- GRANGER, C.W.J. (1988). Some Recent Developments in a Concept of Causality. Journal of Econometrics, 39(1-2)199- 211.
- FUFA Tolina ve KIM Jaebeom (2017). Research in International Business and Finance, in press. (http://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0275531917303173).
- GÖÇER İsmet, MEHMET Mercan ve MEHMET Bölükbaş; (2015). Bankacılık Sektörü Kredilerinin İstihdam ve Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkileri: Türkiye Ekonomisi İçin Çoklu Yapısal Kırılmalı Eş Bütünleşme Analizi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, İ.İ.B.F Dergisi, 33 (2), 65-84.
- GUERRA Emmanuel Alejandro Ramirez: (2017). The Economic Growth and the Banking Credit in Mexico: Granger Causality and Short-Term Effects, 2001Q1-2016Q4. Economia Informa, 406, 46-58.
- HASSAN, Kabir M., BENİTO Sanchez and JUNG-SUK Yu; (2011). Financial Development and Economic Growth: New Evidence from Panel Data, The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 51 (1), 88-104.
- JOHANSEN, S and JUSELIUS, K. (1990). Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on ointegration with Application to the Demand for Money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52, 169-210.
- LEITAO, Nuno Carlos; (2012). Bank Credit and Economic Growth, MPRA No:42664, Munich.
- MANDEL R. Benjamin ve SEYDI Joe (2016). Credit Condiitions and Economic Grwoth: Recent Evidence from US Banks, Economic Letters, 147, 63-67.
- MEHMET Mercan; (2013). Kredi Hacmindeki Değişimlerin Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi için Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı. Bankacılar Dergisi, 84, 54-71.
- MCCAIG, Brian and THANASIS Stengos; (2005). Financial Intermediation and Growth: Some Robustness Results. Economics Letters, 88(3), 306–312.
- MUSHTAG Saba; (2016). Causality between Bank’s Major Activities and Economic Growth: Evidences from Pakistan. Financial Innovation, 2 (7), 1-11.
- NARAYAN, P. Kumar and SEEMA Narayan; (2013). The shortrun relationship between the Financial System and Economic Growth: New Evidence from Regional Panels. International Review of Financial Analysis, 29, 70-78.
- OLUTIAN R. Oluwatoyin; (2012). Bank Credit and Economic Growth: Evidence from Nigeria, International Business and Management, 5 (2), 102-110.
- ONUORAH A. Chi and OZURUMBA B. Anayochukwu; (2013). Bank Credits: An Aid to Economic Growth in Nigeria. Information and Knowledge Management, 3 (3), 41-50.
- ÖZCAN Burcu ve AYŞE Arı; (2011). Finansal Gelişme ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin Ampirik Bir Analiz: Türkiye Örneği. Business and Economics Research Journal, 2 (1), 121- 142.
- ÖZCAN Figen, (2007). Finansal Kalkınma ve İktisadi Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Dünya Ülkeleri ve Türkiye Örneği, TCMB, Uzmanlık Yeterlilik Tezi, Ankara.
- ÖZTÜRKLER Harun ve A. HAKAN Çermikli; (2007). Türkiye’de Bir Parasal Aktarım Kanalı olarak Banka Kredileri, Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, 44 (514), 57-68.
- PAGANO, Marco and GIOVANNI. Pica; (2012), “Finance and Employment”, Economic Policy, 27(69), 5-55
- Phillips, P.C.B., Perron P. (1988). Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression. Biometrika, 75, 335–346.
- SAKSONOVA Svetlana ve KOLEDA Olga (2017). Evaluating the Interrelationship between Actions of Latvian Commercial Banks and Latvian Economic Growth. Procedia Engineering, 178, 123-130.
- TAHIR, H. Safdar, IQRA Shehzadi, ALI Ishfaq and MUHAMMAD R. Ullah; (2015). Impact of Bank Lending on Economics Growth in Pakistan: An Empirical Study of Lending to Private Sector. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 5, 565-576.
- TIMSINA Neelam; (2014). Impact of Bank Credit on Economic Growth in Nepal, NRB Working Paper No:22.
- VURUR, N. Serap ve ERCAN Özen; (2013), Türkiye’de Mevduat Banka Kredisi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisinin İncelenmesi.
- Uşak Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6 (3), 117-131.