Finansal Kriz ve Maliye Politikası: Avrupa Birliği’ne Üye Balkan Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2014, Issue: 597, 45 - 60, 01.11.2014

Servet Akyol

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı Avrupa Birliği’ne üye Balkan ülkelerinin kriz sonrasındaki maliye politikalarının ekonomik ve toplumsal sonuçlarını incelemektir. ABD’de 2008 yılında patlak veren küresel kriz, hem gelişmiş hem de gelişmekte olan ülkeleri derinden etkilemiştir. Krizin etkilerini ortadan kaldırmak ya da hafifletmek için günümüze kadar farklı politikalar gündeme gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda, ilk olarak kurtarma ve mali canlandırma paketleri uygulanmıştır. 2010 yılından sonra artan kamu borçları ve bütçe açıkları nedeniyle canlandırma paketlerinin yerini kemer sıkma politikaları almıştır. Maliye politikası ekonomik faaliyetleri desteklemek yerine borçların azaltılmasına odaklanmıştır. Çalışmada kamu harcaması, kamu borcu ve işsizlik oranı temel göstergeler olarak kullanılmakta ve maliye politikasının etkileri ülkeler arasında karşılaştırılmaktadır. Sonuçlar krizin finansal sektörden kaynaklanmasına karşın krizin yükünün kamu kesimine aktarıldığını göstermektedir. Birçok ülke ekonomisi artan kamu açıkları ve kamu borçları nedeniyle kamu sektörü kurtarılan finansal sektöre bağımlı hale gelmiştir. Kriz sonrasında maliye politikaları Avrupa Birliğine üye Balkan ülkelerinde önemli ekonomik ve toplumsal maliyetlere yol açmıştır

Keywords

Maliye Politikası, Finansal Kriz, Mali Disiplin, Mali Tuzak, AB

Financial Crisis and Fiscal Policy: An Assessment of Member States of the European Union in the Balkans

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to study the economic and social results of the postcrisis fiscal policies concerning the Balkan States that are members of the European Union. The financial global crisis which hit first the US in 2008, had a deep impact on both developed and developing countries. Until today different policies have been put on the agenda in order to eliminate or alleviate the impact of the crisis. In this context, bailout and stimulus packages were firstly implemented. Stimulus packages were replaced by austerity policies because of the increasing public debt and budget deficit after 2010. Fiscal policy focused on reducing debts instead of supporting economic activities. In this study, public expenditure, public debt, public deficit and unemployment rate are used as main economic indicators and the effects of fiscal policy are compared using panel data. The results show that although the crisis emerged from the financial sector, burden of crisis was transferred to the public sector. On account of increasing deficit and debt burden, the economy of many countries have become dependent on financial sector that was rescued before. After the crisis, fiscal policies have led to significant economic and social costs in the Balkan States that are members of the European Union

Keywords

Fiscal Policy, Financial Crisis, Fiscal Austerity, Fiscal Trap, The Balkan States

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