Amerikan Merkez Bankası (Fed)’nın Oluşumu, Tarihsel Seyri, İşleyişi ve Küresel Etkinliği

Year 2014, Issue: 595, 59 - 71, 01.09.2014

Güneş Yılmaz Yalçın Alganer

Abstract

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin merkez bankası olarak bilinen Federal Rezerv Sistemi (Federal Reserve System –FED), ülkenin para politikasını yönetir ve bu bağlamda, ABD mali sisteminde, istikrarın sağlanmasında ve sürdürülebilmesinde çok önemli bir işlev görür. FED, bilinen anlamda tipik bir merkez bankası kimliğinde değildir. Tam anlamıyla özerk ve kendine özgü, son derece özel bir yapıdadır. ABD’nin para ve maliye politikalarına doğrudan etki etmesinin ötesinde, küresel bağlamda da, ülkelerin para ve maliye politikalarını etkilemektedir. Küresel bağlamda tüm ekonomiler, özellikle de yükselen piyasalar, politikalarını FED’ in kararlarına ve uygulamalarına göre ayarlamaya ve planlamaya çalışmaktadırlar. Diğer yandan da, ekonomik ve mali istikrarlarını sürdürebilmek için, FED’ i çok yakından ve güncel olarak, izlemektedirler. Bu makalede, FED’ in tarihsel gelişimi ve küresel ekonomilere mali yansımaları incelenmekte ve değerlendirilmektedir

Keywords

Federal Rezerv Sistemi, Amerikan Merkez Bankası-FED

The Formation, Historical Progress, Function and Global Effects of Fed

Abstract

The central bank of the United States is known as ‘’The Federal Reserve System (FED)’’. FED manages the monetary policy of the country and helps to ensure and sustain the stability of the financial system. However, concerning its structure and formation, FED is not a typical central bank in the sense that we know and understand. It is self-regulating, independent and unique. FED’s effects go well beyond the monetary and financial policies of the United States. All countries, especially emerging markets worldwide, are bound to strategize and adjust their policies based on FED’s decisions and applications. In order to maintain financial stability, all economies have to be up-to-date on FED’s current applications. In this article, the authors analyzing and evaluating the historical progress of FED and its financial reflections on global economies.

Keywords

Federal Rezerve System, The Central Bank of the United States

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