Investigation of The Effects of BD35 (Biodiesel/Diesel Blend) and Propanol Usage in Combustion Characteristics in A Dual Fuel Diesel Engine

Year 2024, , 175 - 184, 12.06.2024

Mutlu Okcu , Müjdat Fırat , Yasin Varol

https://doi.org/10.62520/fujece.1464185

Abstract

This study investigates the changes in the combustion characteristics of a diesel engine modified to operate in reactivity controlled compression ignition mode using propanol as low reactivity fuel and BD35 as high reactivity fuel. In the study, BD35 fuel, a blend of 35% biodiesel and 65% petroleum-derived diesel, was sprayed directly into the cylinder as a high reactivity fuel, while propanol was sprayed into the intake manifold at low pressure as a low reactivity fuel for reactivity controlled compression ignition. Four different low reactivity fuel premixed ratios of 0%, 15%, 30% and 45% propanol were used in the experiments. The experiments were carried out under 60% engine load and 2400 (rpm) constant engine speed conditions. According to the data obtained, it was found that the maximum in-cylinder pressure value increased with the increase in the premixed ratio and a significant increase occurred especially when 45% premixed ratio was used. Although the use of propanol as low reactivity fuel in the test engine under the reactivity controlled compression ignition concept was observed to cause a decrease in the indicated mean effective pressure, the rate of decrease in the indicated mean effective pressure was found to slow down as the premixed ratio increased. Finally, it was found that the in-cylinder gas temperature decreased significantly with increasing the propanol premixed ratio. When all the findings are analyzed, it has shown an important way to understand the effects of propanol as low reactivity fuel and BD35 as high reactivity fuel on engine performance at high load in diesel engines modified to operate in reactivity controlled compression ignition mode.

Keywords

RCCI, Biodiesel, Propanol, Combustion, BD35

Ethical Statement

-

Supporting Institution

Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK)

Project Number

118M650

Thanks

This study was performed under the framework of a project numbered 118M650, financed by the Turkey Scientific and Technological Research Council (TUBITAK).

Çift Yakıtlı Dizel Bir Motorda BD35 (Biyodizel/Dizel Karışımı) ve Propanol Kullanımının Yanma Karakteristiklerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, reaktivite kontrollü sıkıştırma ateşleme modunda çalışacak şekilde modifiye edilmiş dizel bir motorda düşük reaktiviteli yakıt olarak propanol ve yüksek reaktiviteli yakıt olarak BD35 yakıtlarının kullanımının motorun yanma karakteristiklerindeki değişimini incelemektedir. Araştırmada, %35 biyodizel ve %65 petrol kökenli dizel karışımından oluşan BD35 yakıtı, yüksek reaktiviteli yakıt olarak doğrudan silindire püskürtülürken, reaktivite kontrollü sıkıştırma ateşleme için düşük reaktiviteli yakıt olarak propanol düşük basınçta emme kanalına püskürtülmüştür. Deneylerde propanol %0, %15, %30 ve %45 olmak üzere dört farklı ön karışım oranında kullanılmıştır. Deneyler %60 motor yükü ve 2400 (d/d) sabit motor hız şartları altında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre, karışım oranının artmasıyla birlikte silindir içi maksimum basınç değerinin arttığı ve özellikle %45 karışım oranı kullanımında önemli bir artış meydana geldiği tespit edilmiştir. Reaktivite kontrollü sıkıştırma ateşleme konsepti altında test motorunda propanolun düşük reaktiviteli yakıt olarak kullanılmasının ortalama indike basınç değerinde azalmaya neden olduğu gözlemlenmiş olmasına rağmen, karışım oranının artmasıyla birlikte ortalama indike basınçtaki azalma hızının yavaşladığı belirlenmiştir. Son olarak, karışım oranının artmasıyla birlikte silindir içi sıcaklığın önemli ölçüde azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Tüm bulgular analiz edildiğinde, reaktivite kontrollü sıkıştırma ateşleme modunda çalışacak şekilde modifiye edilmiş dizel motorlarda düşük reaktiviteli yakıt olarak propanol ve yüksek reaktiviteli yakıt olarak BD35 kullanımının yüksek yükte motor performansı üzerindeki etkilerini anlamak adına önemli bir yol göstermiştir.

Keywords

RCCI, Biyodizel, Propanol, Yanma, BD35

Project Number

118M650

References

• M. Lapuerta, J. J. Hernandez, and F. Oliva, “Strategies for active diesel particulate filter regeneration based on late injection and exhaust recirculation with different fuels”, Int. J. Engine Res., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 209–221, Feb. 2014.
• M. Krishnamoorthi, R. Malayalamurthi, Z. He, and S. Kandasamy, “A review on low temperature combustion engines: performance, combustion and emission characteristics”, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 116, p. 109404, 2019.
• M. Gwalwanshi, M. K. Chauhan, and R. Kumar, “A review of low temperature combustion techniques and the evolution of combustion strategies”, in Emerging Trends in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, X. Li, M. M. Rashidi, R. S. Lather, and R. Raman, Eds., in Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023, pp. 75–83.
• W. Zhao et al., “Towards a comprehensive understanding of mode transition between biodiesel-biobutanol dual-fuel ICCI low temperature combustion and conventional CI combustion–Part Ⅰ: Characteristics from medium to high load”, Energy, vol. 246, p. 123414, 2022.
• A. F. Dönmez, “Analysis of a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine (HCCI) by using a single zone modelling method”, M.Sc. Thesis, Sakarya University, Institute of science, 2010.
• O. K. Demi̇rci̇ and C. Çinar, “The investigation of the effects of using natural gas on the performance and exhaust emissions in an HCCI-DI engine”, Gazi Univ. J. Sci. Part C Des. Technol., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 317–330, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.29109/gujsc.521668.
• V. Manente, P. Tunestal, and B. Johansson, “Effects of ethanol and different type of gasoline fuels on partially premixed combustion from low to high load”, SAE Tech. Pap., vol. 2010-01–0871, 2010.
• S. Srihari and S. Thirumalini, “Investigation on reduction of emission in PCCI-DI engine with biofuel blends”, Renew. Energy, vol. 114, pp. 1232–1237, Dec. 2017.
• S. L. Kokjohn, R. M. Hanson, D. A. Splitter, and R. D. Reitz, “Fuel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI): a pathway to controlled high-efficiency clean combustion”, Int. J. Engine Res., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 209–226, Jun. 2011.
• J. Li, W. Yang, and D. Zhou, “Review on the management of RCCI engines”, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 69, pp. 65–79, Mar. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.159.
• S. L. Kokjohn and R. D. Reitz, “Reactivity controlled compression ignition and conventional diesel combustion: a comparison of methods to meet light-duty NOx and fuel economy targets”, Int. J. Engine Res., vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 452–468, Oct. 2013.
• Y. Li, M. Jia, Y. Chang, M. Xie, and R. D. Reitz, “Towards a comprehensive understanding of the influence of fuel properties on the combustion characteristics of a RCCI (reactivity controlled compression ignition) engine”, Energy, vol. 99, pp. 69–82, 2016.
• S. J. Curran, R. M. Hanson, and R. M. Wagner, “Reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion on a multi-cylinder light-duty diesel engine”, Int. J. Engine Res., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 216–225, Jun. 2012.
• A. Uyumaz and H. Solmaz, “Experimental investigation of the effects of lambda and injection timing on combustion and performance characteristics in a RCCI Engine”, Gazi Univ. J. Sci. Part C Des. Technol., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 299–308, 2016.
• A. Turkcan, “Effects of high bioethanol proportion in the biodiesel-diesel blends in a CRDI engine”, Fuel, vol. 223, pp. 53–62, 2018.
• F. Aydın and H. Öğüt, “Effects of using ethanol-biodiesel-diesel fuel in single cylinder diesel engine to engine performance and emissions”, Renew. Energy, vol. 103, pp. 688–694, 2017.
• M. Lapuerta, J. Sánchez-Valdepeñas, J. Barba, D. Fernández-Rodríguez, J. P. Andrés, and T. García, “Analysis of soot from the use of butanol blends in a euro 6 diesel engine”, Energy Fuels, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 2265–2277, Mar. 2019.
• J. Benajes, A. García, J. Monsalve-Serrano, and R. L. Sari, “Fuel consumption and engine-out emissions estimations of a light-duty engine running in dual-mode RCCI/CDC with different fuels and driving cycles”, Energy, vol. 157, pp. 19–30, 2018.
• M. Fırat, Ş. Altun, M. Okcu, and Y. Varol, “Comparison of ethanol/diesel fuel dual direct injection (DI2) strategy with reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) in a diesel research engine”, Energy, vol. 255, p. 124556, 2022.
• M. Elkelawy, E. A. El Shenawy, S. A. Mohamed, M. M. Elarabi, and H. Alm-Eldin Bastawissi, “Impacts of EGR on RCCI engines management: a comprehensive review”, Energy Convers. Manag. X, vol. 14, p. 100216, May 2022.
• S. Imtenan et al., “Impact of low temperature combustion attaining strategies on diesel engine emissions for diesel and biodiesels: a review”, Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 80, pp. 329–356, 2014.
• W. G. Wang, D. W. Lyons, N. N. Clark, M. Gautam, and P. M. Norton, “Emissions from nine heavy trucks fueled by diesel and biodiesel blend without engine modification”, Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 933–939, Mar. 2000.
• B. Kampman, A. Van Grinsven, H. Croezen, R. Verbeek, P. Van Mensch, and A. Patuleia, “Bringing biofuels on the market. options to increase EU biofuels volumes beyond the current blending limits”, 2013.
• M. Fırat, Ş. Altun, M. Okcu, and Y. Varol, “Experimental investigation on combustion and emission characteristics of reactivity controlled compression ignition engine powered with iso-propanol/biodiesel blends”, Propuls. Power Res., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 224–239, 2022.