A novel design for concrete culverts absorbing explosive energy from homemade explosives

Year 2022, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 80 - 93, 08.06.2022

Sedat Savaş Dursun Bakır , Muharrem Başpınar Mehmet Ülker

Abstract

With the increasing number of terrorist attacks for the last 40 years, terrorist organizations have devised various attack tactics. One of these tactics is to attack by placing homemade explosives inside culverts that are originally constructed for draining water within road infrastructure. The aim of this study is to enable the absorption of the explosive blast in concrete culverts in face of homemade explosives. For this purpose, concrete culverts that were within three road embankments and road infrastructures were built by projects that were devised according to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Standards. The experiment was carried out in three stages. tjIn the first one of these culverts, a standard road was built. In the second and third culverts, a system that enabled the installation of secondary culverts above and below primary culverts was devised.In conclusion, it was revealed that the methods developed in the study could enable the absorption of the explosive energy of homemade explosives by 60%-80%.

Keywords

Explosion load, Absorption of explosive energy, Concrete culvert, Homemade explosive, Road design against terrorist attacks

Supporting Institution

Firat University Scientific Research Foundation

Project Number

MF.18.26

Thanks

This study was conducted with the help of the Firat University Scientific Research Projects Units (FUBAP Project No: MF.18.26), the Malatya Municipality. We are grateful for their financial and technical support.

References

• [1] Almogy G, Rivkind AI. "Terror in the 21st century: milestones and prospects-part I". Current Problems in Surgery, 44(9), 496–554, 2007.
• [2] Khanmohamadi M, Bagheri M, Khademi N, Ghannadpour SF. "A security vulnerability analysis model for dangerous goods transportation by rail-Case study: Chlorine transportation in Texas-Illinois". Safety Science, 110, 230–241, 2018.
• [3] Elias W, Albert G, Shiftan Y. "Travel behavior in the face of surface transportation terror threats". Transport Policy, 28, 114–122, 2013.
• [4] Beveridge A. Forensic Investigation of Explosions. second edition. New York, USA, CRC press, 2011.
• [5] Milliyet. "Silvan’da yine faciadan dönüldü". https://www.milliyet.com.tr/yerel-haberler/diyarbakir/silvan-da-yine-faciadan-donuldu-11124018 (21.12.2015).
• [6] Haberler. "Menfez altına yerleştirilmiş 225kilogram Amonyum Nitrat imha edildi". https://www.haberler.com/guncel/mardin-de-menfez-altina-yerlestirilmis-225-8465444-haberi/ (24.05.2016)
• [7] Vatan. "İşte PKK tünelleri". https://www.gazetevatan.com/arsiv/galeri-iste-pkk-tunelleri-1525795(16.01.2017).
• [8] Habertürk. "Bitlis'te 350 kilogram patlayıcı imha edildi".
• https://www.haberturk.com/yerel-haberler/haber/11768348-bitliste-350-kilogram-patlayici-imha edildi (29.04.2017). [9] Yenişafak." Eruh'ta el yapımı patlayıcı ile saldırısı: 5 korucu yaralı". https://www.yenisafak.com/video-galeri/gundem/eruhta-el-yapimi-patlayici-ile-saldirisi-5-korucu-yarali-2106952 (28.08.2016).
• [10] Kristoffersen M, Hauge K.O, Børvik T. "Blast loading of concrete pipes using C-4 charges". Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Proceedings, 2(8),428,2018.
• [11] Bonalumi P, Colombo M, Prisco MD. "Internal explosions in embedded concrete". Applied Mechanics and Materials, 82, 452–457,2011.
• [12] Olarewaju AJ, Rao NSVK, Mannan MA. "Blast effects on underground pipes". Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 15, 1–14, 2010.
• [13] Olarewaju AJ, Rao NSV, Mannan MA. "Guidelines for the design of buried pipes to resist effects of internal explosion, open trench and underground blasts". Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 15, 1–13, 2010.
• [14] Parviz M, Aminnejad B, Fiouz A. "Numerical simulation of dynamic response of water in buried pipeline under explosion". KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 21(7), 2798–2806, 2017.
• [15] Tang Q, Jiang N, Yao Y, Zhou C, Wu T. "Experimental investigation on response characteristics of buried pipelines under surface explosion load". International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 183, 104101, 2020.
• [16] Chen B, Sun L. "The impact of soil properties on the structural integrity of high-fill reinforced concrete culverts". Computers and Geotechnics, 52 , 46–53,2013.
• [17] Kolisoja P, Kalliainen A. "Modelling of plastic culvert and road embankment ınteraction in 3D", Procedia Engineering, 143, 427–434, 2016.
• [18] Marr AJ, Groves DM. " Ion mobılıty spectrometry of peroxıde explosıves tatp and HMTD". International Journal for Ion Mobility Spectrometry, 59–63, 2003.