Güneş Panellerinde Soğutma Kanatçığı Uygulamaları için Modüler bir Bağlama Sisteminin Tasarımı
Year 2025,
Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 460 - 473, 20.10.2025
Serhat Şengür
,
Mehmet Vefa Han
,
Cihan Özel
,
Meral Özel
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, Fotovoltaik (FV) panelleri soğutmak için kullanılan ısı emici kanatların panele bağlanabilmesi için mevcut uygulamalardan farklı olarak yeni bir modüler bağlama sistemi tasarlanmış ve bu sistemin FV panel ile birlikte ayrıntılı modeli oluşturulmuştur. Bu yeni model, soğutma amaçlı kullanılan farklı geometrilere ve büyüklüklere sahip ısı emicilerin de FV panel üzerine bağlanmasına imkân tanımıştır. Makalede, farklı geometrilerdeki ısı emicilerin etkin kanat uzunluğu geometrisini değiştirmeden bunları modüler sisteme entegre etmek için pim geometrili ısı emici modelleri önerilmiş ve tasarlanan FV modülün ayrıntılı olarak montajı, çalışma prensipleri ve ısı transferi açısından avantajları tartışılmıştır.
Ethical Statement
“Hazırlanan makalede herhangi bir kişi/kurumla çıkar çatışması yoktur. Ayrıca bu çalışma için etik kurul onayı gerekmemektedir.”
References
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M. Shoaib, S.Y. Khan, N. Ahmed , M. Mahmood, A. Waqas, M.A. Qaisrani, and N. Shehzad, "Thermal management of solar photovoltaic module by using drilled cylindrical rods integrated with phase change materials," J. Energy Storage, vol. 52, no. PB, p. 104956, 2022.
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N. Agarwal, and A. Saxena, "Performance characteristics of a photovoltaic panel integrated with PCM packed cylindrical tubes for cooling," Int. J. Sustain. Energy, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 444–468, 2022.
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A. Waqas, J. Jie, and L. Xu, "Thermal behavior of a PV panel integrated with PCM-filled metallic tubes: An experimental study," J. Renew. Sustain. Energy, vol. 9, no. 5, 2017.
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A. Waqas, J. Ji, A. Bahadar, L. Xu, Zeshan, and Mawufemo Modjinou, "Thermal management of conventional photovoltaic module using phase change materials, An experimental investigation," Energy Explor. Exploit., vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 1516–1540, 2019.
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F. Bayrak, H. F. Oztop, and F. Selimefendigil, "Effects of different fin parameters on temperature and efficiency for cooling of photovoltaic panels under natural convection," Sol. Energy, vol. 188, pp. 484–494, Jun. 2019.
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A. A. Farhan, and D. J. Hasan, "An experimental investigation to augment the efficiency of photovoltaic panels by using longitudinal fins," Heat Transf., vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 1748–1757, 2021.
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S.Y. Khan, A. Waqas, M. Kumar, S. Liu, Y. Shen, T. Chen, M. Shoaib and M. O. Khan, "Experimental, numerical, and 4E assessment of photovoltaic module using macro-encapsulation of pure and nano phase change material: A comparative analysis," Energy, vol. 290, p. 130162, Dec. 2023.
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A. D. Tuncer, A. Khanlari, İ. Aytaç, E. Çiftçi, A. Sözen, and H.İ. Variyenli, "Passive thermal management of photovoltaic panel by using phase change material-filled aluminum cans: an experimental study," Heat Transf. Res., vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 73–86, 2022.
-
A. Al Miaari and H. M. Ali, "Technical method in passive cooling for photovoltaic panels using phase change material," Case Stud. Therm. Eng., vol. 49, p. 103283, May 2023.
-
M. Sivashankar and C. Selvam, "Experimental investigation on the thermal performance of low-concentrated photovoltaic module using various pin-fin configurations of heat sink with phase change materials," J. Energy Storage, vol. 55, no. PB, p. 105575, 2022.
-
E.B. Agyekum, S. P. Kumar, N.T. Alwan, V.I. Velkin and T.S. Adebayo, "Experimental study on performance enhancement of a photovoltaic module using a combination of phase change material and aluminum fins: Exergy, energy and economic (3E) analysis," 2021.
-
E. Abdelhafez and M. Hamdan, "Enhancing photovoltaic panel efficiency through passive cooling with nano-coated aluminum fins: a comparative study of zinc oxide and aluminum oxide nanofluids," Multiscale Multidiscip. Model. Exp. Des., 2024.
-
A.Khelifa, M.E.H. Attia , K. Harby, A.E. Kabeel, M.M. Abdel-Aziz and M. Abdelgaied "Experimental and economic evaluation on the performance improvement of a solar photovoltaic thermal system with skeleton-shaped fins," Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 248, no. PA, p. 123180, 2024.
-
S.N. Razali, A. Ibrahim, A. Fazlizan, M.F. Fauzan, R.K. Ajeel, E. Z. Ahmad, W. E. Ewe and H. A. Kazem, "Performance enhancement of photovoltaic modules with passive cooling multidirectional tapered fin heat sinks (MTFHS)," Case Stud. Therm. Eng., vol. 50, p. 103400, Feb. 2023.
-
F. Grubišić-Čabo, S. Nižetić, D. Čoko, I.M. Kragić and A. Papadopoulos, "Experimental investigation of the passive cooled free-standing photovoltaic panel with fixed aluminum fins on the backside surface," J. Clean. Prod., vol. 176, pp. 119–129, 2018.
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M. Alktranee and B. Péter, "Energy and exergy analysis for photovoltaic modules cooled by evaporative cooling techniques," Energy Reports, vol. 9, pp. 122–132, 2023.
-
A. Bria, B. Raillani, D. Chaatouf, M. Salhi, S. Amraqui and A. Mezrhab, "Effect of PCM thickness on the performance of the finned PV/PCM system," Mater. Today Proc., vol. 72, pp. 3617–3625, 2023.
-
S. Khanna, K. S. Reddy, and T. K. Mallick, "Optimization of finned solar photovoltaic phase change material (finned PV PCM) system," Int. J. Therm. Sci., vol. 130, pp. 313–322, Dec. 2017.
-
J. Jiang, Y. Hong, Q. Li and J. Du, "Evaluating the impacts of fin structures and fin counts on photovoltaic panels integrated with phase change material," Energy, vol. 283, p. 129143, Sep. 2023.
-
T. Wongwuttanasatian, T. Sarikarin, and A. Suksri, "Performance enhancement of a photovoltaic module by passive cooling using phase change material in a finned container heat sink," Sol. Energy, vol. 195, pp. 47–53, 2020.
-
H.A. Refaey, S. Abdo, H. Saidani-Scott, Y.A. El-Shekeil, S. Bendoukha, N. Barhoumi and M.A. Abdelrahman "Thermal regulation of photovoltaic panels using PCM with multiple fins configuration: Experimental study with analysis," Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog., vol. 49, p. 102457, 2024.
-
E. Johnston, P. S. B. Szabo, and N. S. Bennett, "Cooling silicon photovoltaic cells using finned heat sinks and the effect of inclination angle," Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog., vol. 23, p. 100902, 2021.
-
E.Z. Ahmad, A. Fazlizan, H. Jarimi, K. Sopian and A. Ibrahim "Enhanced heat dissipation of truncated multi-level fin heat sink (MLFHS) in case of natural convection for photovoltaic cooling," Case Stud. Therm. Eng., vol. 28, p. 101578, 2021.
-
M. Firoozzadeh, A. H. Shiravi, and M. Shafiee, "Thermodynamics assessment on cooling photovoltaic modules by phase change materials (PCMs) in critical operating temperature," J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., vol. 144, no. 4, pp. 1239–1251, 2021.
-
F. Wang, Z. Li, M. Liu, X. Liu, D. Pang, W. Du, X. Cheng, Y.Zhang and W. Guo "Heat-dissipation performance of photovoltaic panels with a phase-change-material fin structure," J. Clean. Prod., vol. 423, p. 138756, 2023.
-
G. Raina, S.Sinha, G. Saini, S. Sharma, P. Malik and N.S. Thakur "Assessment of photovoltaic power generation using fin augmented passive cooling technique for different climates," Sustain. Energy Technol. Assess., vol. 52, p. 102095, 2022.
-
A. Mahdavi, M. Farhadi, M. Gorji-Bandpy and A. Mahmoudi, "A comprehensive study on passive cooling of a PV device using PCM and various fin configurations: Pin, spring, and Y-shaped fins," Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 252, p. 123519, 2024.
-
M. Rajvikram, S. Leoponraj, S. Ramkumar, H. Akshaya and A. Dheeraj, "Experimental investigation on the abasement of operating temperature in solar photovoltaic panel using PCM and aluminium," Sol. Energy, vol. 188, pp. 327–338, 2019.
-
M. R. Gomaa et al., "Performance enhancement of grid-tied PV system through proposed design cooling techniques: An experimental study and comparative analysis," Sol. Energy, vol. 211, pp. 1110–1127, 2020.
-
R. G. Budynas and J. K. Nisbett, Makine Mühendisliğinde Tasarım, İstanbul, 2015. (In Turkish)
-
Y. A. Çengel, Isı ve Kütle Transferi, İzmir: Güven Kitapevi, 2011. (In Turkish)
Design of a Modular Clamping System for Cooling Fin Applications in Solar Panels
Year 2025,
Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 460 - 473, 20.10.2025
Serhat Şengür
,
Mehmet Vefa Han
,
Cihan Özel
,
Meral Özel
Abstract
In this study, a novel modular clamping system was proposed for attaching heat sink fins to Photovoltaic (PV) panels, differing from conventional methods, and a detailed model of this system was created together with the PV panel. This new model allowed heat sinks with different geometries and sizes used for cooling purposes to be connected to the PV panel. Pin geometry heat sink models were proposed to integrate heat sinks with different geometries into the modular system without changing the effective fin length geometry, and the detailed assembly of the designed PV panel, its working principles and advantages in terms of heat transfer were discussed.
Ethical Statement
“There is no conflict of interest with any person/institution in the prepared article. Additionally, ethics committee approval is not required for this study.”
References
-
M. Shoaib, S.Y. Khan, N. Ahmed , M. Mahmood, A. Waqas, M.A. Qaisrani, and N. Shehzad, "Thermal management of solar photovoltaic module by using drilled cylindrical rods integrated with phase change materials," J. Energy Storage, vol. 52, no. PB, p. 104956, 2022.
-
N. Agarwal, and A. Saxena, "Performance characteristics of a photovoltaic panel integrated with PCM packed cylindrical tubes for cooling," Int. J. Sustain. Energy, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 444–468, 2022.
-
A. Waqas, J. Jie, and L. Xu, "Thermal behavior of a PV panel integrated with PCM-filled metallic tubes: An experimental study," J. Renew. Sustain. Energy, vol. 9, no. 5, 2017.
-
A. Waqas, J. Ji, A. Bahadar, L. Xu, Zeshan, and Mawufemo Modjinou, "Thermal management of conventional photovoltaic module using phase change materials, An experimental investigation," Energy Explor. Exploit., vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 1516–1540, 2019.
-
F. Bayrak, H. F. Oztop, and F. Selimefendigil, "Effects of different fin parameters on temperature and efficiency for cooling of photovoltaic panels under natural convection," Sol. Energy, vol. 188, pp. 484–494, Jun. 2019.
-
A. A. Farhan, and D. J. Hasan, "An experimental investigation to augment the efficiency of photovoltaic panels by using longitudinal fins," Heat Transf., vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 1748–1757, 2021.
-
S.Y. Khan, A. Waqas, M. Kumar, S. Liu, Y. Shen, T. Chen, M. Shoaib and M. O. Khan, "Experimental, numerical, and 4E assessment of photovoltaic module using macro-encapsulation of pure and nano phase change material: A comparative analysis," Energy, vol. 290, p. 130162, Dec. 2023.
-
A. D. Tuncer, A. Khanlari, İ. Aytaç, E. Çiftçi, A. Sözen, and H.İ. Variyenli, "Passive thermal management of photovoltaic panel by using phase change material-filled aluminum cans: an experimental study," Heat Transf. Res., vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 73–86, 2022.
-
A. Al Miaari and H. M. Ali, "Technical method in passive cooling for photovoltaic panels using phase change material," Case Stud. Therm. Eng., vol. 49, p. 103283, May 2023.
-
M. Sivashankar and C. Selvam, "Experimental investigation on the thermal performance of low-concentrated photovoltaic module using various pin-fin configurations of heat sink with phase change materials," J. Energy Storage, vol. 55, no. PB, p. 105575, 2022.
-
E.B. Agyekum, S. P. Kumar, N.T. Alwan, V.I. Velkin and T.S. Adebayo, "Experimental study on performance enhancement of a photovoltaic module using a combination of phase change material and aluminum fins: Exergy, energy and economic (3E) analysis," 2021.
-
E. Abdelhafez and M. Hamdan, "Enhancing photovoltaic panel efficiency through passive cooling with nano-coated aluminum fins: a comparative study of zinc oxide and aluminum oxide nanofluids," Multiscale Multidiscip. Model. Exp. Des., 2024.
-
A.Khelifa, M.E.H. Attia , K. Harby, A.E. Kabeel, M.M. Abdel-Aziz and M. Abdelgaied "Experimental and economic evaluation on the performance improvement of a solar photovoltaic thermal system with skeleton-shaped fins," Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 248, no. PA, p. 123180, 2024.
-
S.N. Razali, A. Ibrahim, A. Fazlizan, M.F. Fauzan, R.K. Ajeel, E. Z. Ahmad, W. E. Ewe and H. A. Kazem, "Performance enhancement of photovoltaic modules with passive cooling multidirectional tapered fin heat sinks (MTFHS)," Case Stud. Therm. Eng., vol. 50, p. 103400, Feb. 2023.
-
F. Grubišić-Čabo, S. Nižetić, D. Čoko, I.M. Kragić and A. Papadopoulos, "Experimental investigation of the passive cooled free-standing photovoltaic panel with fixed aluminum fins on the backside surface," J. Clean. Prod., vol. 176, pp. 119–129, 2018.
-
M. Alktranee and B. Péter, "Energy and exergy analysis for photovoltaic modules cooled by evaporative cooling techniques," Energy Reports, vol. 9, pp. 122–132, 2023.
-
A. Bria, B. Raillani, D. Chaatouf, M. Salhi, S. Amraqui and A. Mezrhab, "Effect of PCM thickness on the performance of the finned PV/PCM system," Mater. Today Proc., vol. 72, pp. 3617–3625, 2023.
-
S. Khanna, K. S. Reddy, and T. K. Mallick, "Optimization of finned solar photovoltaic phase change material (finned PV PCM) system," Int. J. Therm. Sci., vol. 130, pp. 313–322, Dec. 2017.
-
J. Jiang, Y. Hong, Q. Li and J. Du, "Evaluating the impacts of fin structures and fin counts on photovoltaic panels integrated with phase change material," Energy, vol. 283, p. 129143, Sep. 2023.
-
T. Wongwuttanasatian, T. Sarikarin, and A. Suksri, "Performance enhancement of a photovoltaic module by passive cooling using phase change material in a finned container heat sink," Sol. Energy, vol. 195, pp. 47–53, 2020.
-
H.A. Refaey, S. Abdo, H. Saidani-Scott, Y.A. El-Shekeil, S. Bendoukha, N. Barhoumi and M.A. Abdelrahman "Thermal regulation of photovoltaic panels using PCM with multiple fins configuration: Experimental study with analysis," Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog., vol. 49, p. 102457, 2024.
-
E. Johnston, P. S. B. Szabo, and N. S. Bennett, "Cooling silicon photovoltaic cells using finned heat sinks and the effect of inclination angle," Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog., vol. 23, p. 100902, 2021.
-
E.Z. Ahmad, A. Fazlizan, H. Jarimi, K. Sopian and A. Ibrahim "Enhanced heat dissipation of truncated multi-level fin heat sink (MLFHS) in case of natural convection for photovoltaic cooling," Case Stud. Therm. Eng., vol. 28, p. 101578, 2021.
-
M. Firoozzadeh, A. H. Shiravi, and M. Shafiee, "Thermodynamics assessment on cooling photovoltaic modules by phase change materials (PCMs) in critical operating temperature," J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., vol. 144, no. 4, pp. 1239–1251, 2021.
-
F. Wang, Z. Li, M. Liu, X. Liu, D. Pang, W. Du, X. Cheng, Y.Zhang and W. Guo "Heat-dissipation performance of photovoltaic panels with a phase-change-material fin structure," J. Clean. Prod., vol. 423, p. 138756, 2023.
-
G. Raina, S.Sinha, G. Saini, S. Sharma, P. Malik and N.S. Thakur "Assessment of photovoltaic power generation using fin augmented passive cooling technique for different climates," Sustain. Energy Technol. Assess., vol. 52, p. 102095, 2022.
-
A. Mahdavi, M. Farhadi, M. Gorji-Bandpy and A. Mahmoudi, "A comprehensive study on passive cooling of a PV device using PCM and various fin configurations: Pin, spring, and Y-shaped fins," Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 252, p. 123519, 2024.
-
M. Rajvikram, S. Leoponraj, S. Ramkumar, H. Akshaya and A. Dheeraj, "Experimental investigation on the abasement of operating temperature in solar photovoltaic panel using PCM and aluminium," Sol. Energy, vol. 188, pp. 327–338, 2019.
-
M. R. Gomaa et al., "Performance enhancement of grid-tied PV system through proposed design cooling techniques: An experimental study and comparative analysis," Sol. Energy, vol. 211, pp. 1110–1127, 2020.
-
R. G. Budynas and J. K. Nisbett, Makine Mühendisliğinde Tasarım, İstanbul, 2015. (In Turkish)
-
Y. A. Çengel, Isı ve Kütle Transferi, İzmir: Güven Kitapevi, 2011. (In Turkish)