Security and Performance-Based Design and Evaluation Criteria for Cryptographic Random Number Generators

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 505 - 523, 20.10.2025

Ali Murat Garıpcan , Ebubekir Erdem

https://doi.org/10.62520/fujece.1667526

Abstract

This study comprehensively examines security and performance-oriented selection and evaluation criteria for Random Number Generators (RNGs) used in cryptographic applications. The study analyzes the fundamental differences between Pseudo Random Number Generators (PRNGs) and True Random Number Generators (TRNGs). Within the scope of these analyses, entropy sources, statistical characteristics, and performance metrics, as well as their effects on security, are evaluated. The ability of TRNGs to meet high security requirements thanks to their hardware-dependent structures is compared with PRNGs, which offer software-based and low-cost solutions. The study evaluates various criteria ranging from minimum entropy tests to space and energy requirements. It also highlights the fundamental challenges encountered in the design and implementation of RNGs in cryptographic systems. Additionally, the fundamental security requirements encountered in RNG design and how these requirements can be met in practice are discussed in detail. In this context, PRNGs, TRNGs based on physical processes, and hybrid RNG designs are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of these different design paradigms are then presented in a comparative manner. In conclusion, this study delivers a framework that unifies security, performance, and design considerations for RNGs, setting a benchmark for future cryptographic research. As a result, this framework forms the foundation for the next generation of secure, efficient, and scalable cryptographic systems.

Keywords

Information security , Cryptography , Random number generators , Randomness , Entropy

Ethical Statement

“There is no conflict of interest with any person/institution in the prepared article”

Kriptografik Rasgele Sayı Üreteçlerinin Güvenlik ve Performans Temelli Tasarım ve Değerlendirme Kriterleri

Abstract

Bu çalışma, kriptografik uygulamalarda kullanılan Rastgele Sayı Üreteçleri (RSÜ) için güvenlik ve performans odaklı seçim ve değerlendirme kriterlerini kapsamlı bir biçimde incelemektedir. Çalışmada, Sözde Rastgele Sayı Üreteçleri (SRSÜ) ile Gerçek Rastgele Sayı Üreteçleri (GRSÜ) arasındaki temel farklılıklar detaylı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Bu analizler kapsamında entropi kaynakları, istatistiksel karakteristikler ve performans metrikleri ile bunların güvenlik üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. GRSÜ’lerin, donanıma bağımlı yapıları sayesinde yüksek güvenlik gereksinimlerini karşılama kapasiteleri; buna karşılık, yazılım tabanlı ve düşük maliyetli çözümler sunan SRSÜ’ler ile karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmıştır. Çalışma içerisinde, minimum entropi testlerinden alan ve enerji gereksinimlerine kadar uzanan çeşitli kriterler değerlendirilmiş; kriptografik sistemlerde RSÜ tasarımı ve uygulaması sırasında karşılaşılan temel zorluklara dikkat çekilmiştir. Ayrıca, RSÜ tasarımında karşılaşılan temel güvenlik gereksinimleri ve bu gereksinimlerin pratikte nasıl karşılanabileceği ayrıntılı biçimde tartışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, SRSÜ’ler, fiziksel süreçlere dayalı GRSÜ’ler ve hibrit RSÜ tasarımları analiz edilerek; bu farklı tasarımların avantajları ve dezavantajları karşılaştırmalı olarak sunulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma RSÜ’ler için güvenlik, performans ve tasarım unsurlarını bir araya getiren bir çerçeve sunarak gelecekteki kriptografik araştırmalar için bir ölçüt oluşturuyor. Böylece, güvenli, verimli ve ölçeklenebilir yeni nesil kriptografik sistemler için bir temel sağlıyor.

Keywords

Bilgi güvenliği , Kriptografi , Rasgele sayı üreteçleri , Rasgelelik , Entropi

Ethical Statement

“Hazırlanan makalede herhangi bir kişi/kurumla çıkar çatışması bulunmamaktadır.”

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