Principles of Publication Ethics
Publication Ethics can be defined as a self-regulatory mechanism that insists on integrity on behalf of authors, reviewers and publishers in order to establish higher standards of editorial processing. Ethical standards for publication exist to ensure high-quality scientific publications, public trust in scientific findings and respect for people's ideas.
• Honest researchers do not plagiarise.
• They do not misrepresent sources.
• They do not conceal objections they cannot refute.
• They do not distort opposing views.
• They do not destroy or conceal data.

Peer-reviewed studies are those that support and implement the scientific method. At this point, it is of great importance that all parties involved in the publication process (authors, readers and researchers, publishers, referees and editors) adhere to ethical principles. Fırat University Journal of Experimental and Numerical Engineering has adopted the International Principles of Ethical Publishing published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) regarding research and publication ethics.

Actions Contrary to Scientific Research and Publication Ethics
• Plagiarism: Presenting the original ideas, methods, data, or works of others as one's own, either partially or entirely, without proper citation in accordance with scientific rules.
• Fabrication: Using data that does not actually exist or has been falsified in scientific research.
• Distortion: Altering research records or obtained data, presenting equipment or materials not used in the research as if they had been used, altering or shaping research results in line with the interests of the individuals and organisations providing support,
• Duplicate publication: Presenting duplicate publications as separate publications for academic appointments and promotions,
• Salami slicing: Dividing the results of a research study into parts in an inappropriate manner that compromises the integrity of the research and publishing them as multiple publications, presenting these publications as separate publications for academic appointments and promotions,
• Unfair authorship: Including individuals who have not made an active contribution among the authors or excluding those who have, changing the author order in an unjustified and inappropriate manner, removing the names of those who have made an active contribution from subsequent editions, or including one's name among the authors by using one's influence despite not having made an active contribution,

Other types of ethical violations include:
a) Failing to acknowledge the individuals, institutions, or organisations that provided support for research resulting in publications,
b) Using theses or studies that have not yet been submitted or defended as sources without the owner's permission,
c) Sharing information contained in a work assigned for review with others prior to publication without the express permission of the author,
ç) Using resources, premises, facilities, and equipment provided or allocated for scientific research for purposes other than those intended,
d) Making unfounded, inappropriate, and deliberate allegations of ethical violations,
e) Publishing data obtained without the explicit consent of participants in surveys and attitude studies conducted as part of scientific work, or without the additional consent of the institution if the research is to be conducted at an institution,
f) Failure to comply with the obligation to inform and warn those concerned about possible harmful practices related to scientific research conducted by researchers and officials,
g) In scientific studies, failing to use data and information obtained from other persons and institutions to the extent and in the manner authorised, failing to respect the confidentiality of this information and failing to ensure its protection,
h) Making false or misleading statements regarding scientific research and publications in academic appointments and promotions,

Plagiarism Prevention Check
Plagiarism is the act of presenting the ideas, methods, data, applications, writings, figures, or works of others as one's own, either partially or entirely, without properly citing the original authors in accordance with scientific rules.
Fırat University Journal of Experimental and Numerical Engineering scans all submitted articles to prevent plagiarism. Works submitted for review are checked for plagiarism using Turnitin & Ithenticate software. A similarity rate of less than 25% is expected. In addition, a maximum of 5% similarity from a single article is acceptable. The main criterion for the similarity rate is the author's compliance with citation and quotation rules. Even if the similarity rate appears to be 1%, plagiarism may still be involved if citations and quotations are not made according to the rules. In this respect, the author must be aware of the citation and quotation rules and apply them carefully. If plagiarism is detected in an article submitted to or published in our journal, our journal acts in accordance with COPE principles (1-2).

Protection of Participants' Personal Data
Fırat University Journal of Experimental and Numerical Engineering requires that all research involving personal or sensitive data or materials relating to human participants that are not legally in the public domain be subject to formal ethical review.

Ethical Violation Reports
Readers who notice a significant error or inaccuracy in an article published in the Fırat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering, or who have any complaints regarding editorial content (plagiarism, duplicate articles, etc.), may submit a report by sending an email to fujece@firat.edu.tr. We welcome submissions as they provide us with an opportunity for improvement, and we respond quickly and constructively. Our journal follows the procedure outlined in the COPE Principles (1-2) regarding notifications.

Relationships with the Journal Owner and Publisher
The relationship between the editor and the publisher is based on the principle of editorial independence. As per the written agreement between the editor and the publisher, all decisions made by the editor are independent of the publisher and journal owner.

Corrections, Retractions, Expressions of Concern
Editors may consider publishing a correction if minor errors are identified in a published article that do not affect the findings, interpretations, or conclusions. Editors should consider retracting an article if major errors/violations invalidate the findings and conclusions. If there is a possibility that the research or publication has been misused by the authors; if there is evidence that the findings are unreliable and the authors' institutions have not investigated the matter, or if a possible investigation appears unfair or inconclusive, editors should consider publishing a statement of concern. The COPE principles (1-2-3-4-5-6) are taken into account regarding corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern.

Use of Artificial Intelligence
The use of artificial intelligence in studies submitted to our journal is acceptable in processes that do not affect the originality of the article, such as literature review or language control. However, the use of artificial intelligence must be carried out within the framework of ethical rules and must not be used for unethical purposes such as fabricated data or manipulation. Articles with an artificial intelligence similarity ratio above 25% will not be accepted.
For studies involving the use of artificial intelligence, it is mandatory to inform our journal of this situation during the article submission stage. All responsibility regarding the use of artificial intelligence lies with the authors themselves.

Editorial Confidentiality Obligation
The editors of Fırat University Journal of Experimental and Numerical Engineering treat all submitted manuscripts as confidential documents; this means that they will not disclose information about a manuscript to anyone without the authors' permission. During the article review process, the following individuals may access the articles: Editors, Reviewers, and Members of the Editorial Board. The only circumstance in which details about an article may be disclosed to a third party without the authors' permission is if the editor suspects serious research misconduct.

Complaints Procedure
This procedure applies to complaints regarding content, procedures, or policies under the responsibility of the Fırat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering or our editorial team. Complaints can provide an opportunity and incentive for improvement, and we aim to respond promptly, courteously, and constructively.
Complaints must relate to content, procedures, or policies under the responsibility of the Fırat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering or our editorial team. Complaints should be sent directly by email to fujece@firat.edu.tr and will be treated confidentially. The editor responds to complaints immediately.
Complaints are reviewed by the relevant member of the editorial team, and if they cannot be resolved, the following procedures are followed:
• If this initial response is deemed insufficient, the complainant may request that their complaint be forwarded to a more senior member of the journal.
• If the complainant remains dissatisfied, complaints may be forwarded to the chief editor.
• A full response will be provided within two weeks, if possible.
COPE publishes a code of practice for editors of scientific journals. These editors will facilitate the resolution of disputes with journals and publishers, but appeals may only be made here after the journal's own complaints procedures have been exhausted.

Appeal Process
We welcome serious appeals regarding evaluations made by editors and reviewers. If you believe we have rejected your article due to a misunderstanding of its scientific content, please send an appeal message to our editorial team at fujece@firat.edu.tr. At this stage, please do not attempt to submit a revised version of your article. After reading your appeal letter, if we find your appeal to be justified, we may invite you to submit a revised version of your article. Your work will then be sent back to the external peer review process. Please include as much detail as possible in your appeal letter. Finally, we can only consider one appeal per article, so please take the time and effort to write the letter in detail to clearly state your appeal – you have one chance, so use it well. We have found that lengthy discussions on rejected articles are generally unsatisfactory for both authors and editors, so we do not process multiple appeals for the same work.

Conflicts of Interest
A conflict of interest arises when professional judgement concerning a primary interest may be influenced by a secondary interest (such as financial gain or personal rivalry). We believe that in order to make the best decision about how to handle an article, we need to know about competing interests of the authors, and that readers should know about them if we publish the article.
Any financial or other interests that could cause a person to fall into conflict in their work, significantly compromise their objectivity, or provide an unfair advantage to any person or organisation. All financial support sources received during the research and article preparation process and the role of sponsors in the work must be disclosed. If there is no funding source, this should also be stated. Examples of potential conflicts of interest that should be disclosed include consultancies, salary payments, and grants. Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed at the earliest possible stage.
Fırat University Journal of Experimental and Numerical Engineering has a defined process for handling submissions from editors, staff, or editorial board members to ensure impartial review. Such submissions are first directed to other journals. If this is not possible, the submitter's role in the journal is suspended.
The editor should not be involved in decisions regarding articles written by themselves or their family members. Furthermore, such work should be subject to all the journal's standard procedures. The editor should apply the COPE principles (1,2) regarding the disclosure of potential conflicts of interest by authors and reviewers.

Principles of Research Ethics
Fırat University Journal of Experimental and Numerical Engineering observes the highest standards in research ethics and adopts the international research ethics principles defined below. It is the responsibility of the authors to ensure that the manuscripts comply with the ethical rules.
• The principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be ensured in the design, review of the design and conduct of the research.
• The research team and participants should be fully informed about the purpose of the research, its methods and its anticipated potential uses, and the requirements and risks, if any, of participating in the research.
• Confidentiality of information provided by research participants and confidentiality of respondents must be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.
• Research participants should take part in the research voluntarily and should not be under any coercion.
• Harm to participants should be avoided. The research should be planned in a way that does not put participants at risk. Consent must be obtained from the legal guardian of children and those under guardianship or with a confirmed mental illness.
• Research independence must be clear and explicit; any conflict of interest must be stated.
• If the study will be conducted in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization that the study will be conducted.

Responsibilities of Stakeholders

1. Ethical Responsibilities of Editors
Editors are the key actors responsible for maintaining the scientific quality and publication reliability of the journal.
The ethical responsibilities of editors are as follows:
To make editorial decisions based on the scientific content, methodology, and contribution of the article to the field; to act independently of the author's title, institution, nationality, gender, or ideological views.
To appoint reviewers who are experts in the field, competent to evaluate the article, and have no conflict of interest.
Reviewing referee reports impartially, making decisions based on scientific grounds, and providing clear, understandable feedback to the author.
Taking necessary actions in accordance with COPE guidelines when encountering plagiarism, data fabrication, falsification, duplicate publication, or ethical violations.
Keep all information and documents obtained during the publication process confidential; do not share the article content or the review process with third parties.
Ensure the accuracy of scientific records by publishing corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern when necessary.

2. Ethical Responsibilities of Authors
Authors are primarily responsible for the scientific integrity, originality, and accuracy of the work they submit.
The ethical responsibilities of authors are as follows:
The submitted work must be entirely original; it must not have been previously published or be under simultaneous review by another journal.
Presenting the data used in the research in an accurate, reliable, and verifiable manner when necessary; not deliberately distorting the results.
Ensuring that all authors listed in the article have made a genuine academic contribution to the work; not listing individuals who have not contributed as authors and not excluding those who have contributed.
Financial support for the research, institutional contributions, and potential conflicts of interest must be clearly stated.
Criticisms from reviewers and editors must be evaluated within a scientific framework, necessary corrections must be made, and responses must be presented in an academic style.

3. Ethical Responsibilities of Reviewers
Reviewers are independent experts who monitor the quality and scientific reliability of academic work.
The ethical responsibilities of reviewers are as follows:
Conduct the review process in accordance with the principle of impartiality, based on scientific criteria and free from personal bias.
Before accepting the review, consider whether they have sufficient expertise on the subject and whether there is a conflict of interest.
To treat the article they are reviewing as a confidential document; not to share its content or findings with third parties.
To present their criticism in a constructive, clear, and academically ethical manner.
To report any plagiarism, ethical violations, or serious methodological issues they identify in the article to the editor.
Not to use the information obtained during the review process for their own academic work or personal gain.

Publication Policies

1. Article Review Process
The article review process in our journal consists of five main stages: preliminary review, editor review, peer review, revision, and publication. Click here for detailed information about the process.

2. Open Access Policy
Articles published in our journal are published as open access under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. The full text of all published articles can be accessed free of charge at https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/fujece/archive. Click here for detailed information.

3. Copyright Policy
Authors retain the copyright of their work published in our journal, and their work is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0. Click here for detailed information.

4. Archiving Policy
All works published in our journal are digitally archived in LOCKSS. Click here for detailed information.

5. Special Issue Publication Policy
A special issue may be published once a year at the request of the Editorial Board. Articles submitted for inclusion in the special issue are first subject to editorial pre-review. They are then reviewed for compliance with the journal's writing rules and similarity scanning is performed to prevent plagiarism. After these stages, they undergo a peer review process using a single-blind model.

6. Fee Policy
Article publication and the execution of article processes in the journal are free of charge. No processing fee or submission fee is charged under any name for articles submitted to the journal or accepted for publication.

7. Advertising Policy
In accordance with our publication policies, our journal does not accept sponsorships or advertisements. All expenses of our journal are covered by our publisher.