Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Euro-Turks, Inter-Generational Differences, Islam and Integration Debates

Year 2015, Issue: 1, 44 - 79, 01.01.2015

Abstract

Referring to the quantitative and qualitative studies held in 2000s and 2010s, the main theme of this article is to analyse the ways in which Turkish-origin migrants residing in the European Union countries constructed and articulated their identities since the beginning of the deindustrialization process dading back to the 1970s, and to highlight the inter-generational differences with respect to identity formation and articulation processes. The article also questions the ways in which many European states accomodate Islam in the public space. The main premise of the article, in this regard, is that there a a contradiction between the democratization of Islam among young Muslims and the institutionalization of Islam by the EU states. The article will concluded that Euro-Turks are inclined to affiliate themselves towards transnational identities such as Islam and Europeanness in order to come to terms with the hegemonic repression of their countries of settlement which is built up by some mainstream discourses such as the clash of civilization, culturalism, and Islamophobia

References

  • Abadan-Unat, N. ve diğerleri (2014), Avanti I: Yurt Dışında Yaşayan Türkiye Kökenli Vatandaşların 2014 Cumhurbaşkanlığı Seçimlerindeki Siyasi Dav- ranışları, Araştırma Raporu, Friedrich Ebert Vakfı.
  • Abadan-Unat, N. ve diğerleri (2015), Avanti II: Yurt Dışında Yaşayan Türkiye Kökenli Vatandaşların 2015 Türkiye Genel Seçimlerinde Siyasi Davranışla- rı, Araştırma Raporu, Friedrich Ebert Vakfı.
  • Appadurai, A. (1996), Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalisa- tion, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN
  • Aydemir, N. (2015), Migrant Representation within British and Dutch Po- litical Systems, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Bilkent Üniversitesi, SBE, Ankara.
  • Berkovitz, J. B. (2007), The Napoleonic Sanhedrin: Halachic Foundations and Rabbinical Legacy, CCAR Journal: A Reform Jewish Quarterly (Win- ter): 11-34.
  • Brown, Carl L. (2000), Religion and State: The Muslim Approach to Politics, Columbia University Press, New York.
  • Brubaker, R. (1991), “International Migration: A Challenge for Humanity,” International Migration Review, 25(4), 946–957. doi:10.2307/2546853.
  • Buruma, I. (2007), Murder in Amsterdam: Death of Theo van Gogh and the Limits of Tolerance, Atlantic Books, London.
  • Byrnes, T. A. (2007), Religion and World Politics: A Structural Approach, AICGS Issue Brief, 16 (June).
  • Cesari, J. (2003), Muslim Minorities in Europe: The Silent Revolution, J. Espo- sito and F. Burgat (eds.), Modernizing Islam: Religion in the Public Sphere in the Middle East and in Europe, New Jersey, Rutgers University Press: 251-269.
  • Cesari, J. (2013), Why the West Fears Islam: An Exploration of Muslims in Liberal Societies, Palgrave Macmillan, London, New York.
  • Clifford, J. (1997), Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Cen- tury, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
  • De Certeau, M, (1984). The Practice of Everyday Life, trs. Steven Rendall, University of California Press, Berkeley.
  • Delanty, G. (1995), Inventing Europe: Idea, Identity, Reality, MacMillan Press, London (Türkçesi, Avrupa’nın İcadı, Çev. Hüsamettin İnaç, Anka- ra: Adres Yayınları, 2004).
  • Doty, R. L. (2000), Immigration and the Politics of Security, Security Studies, Sayı 8(2-3): 71-93.
  • Erdoğan, M. (2013), Euro-Türkler-Barometre. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, HUGO.
  • Fadil, N. (2005), The political mobilization of Muslim minorities in the West: a gender (un)friendly project?, Joseph Suad (Ed.), Encyclopedia of women and Islamic cultures. Vol. 2, Brill, Leiden: 293-295.
  • Fetzer, J. S. & Soper, J. C. (2005), Muslims and the State in Britain, France and Germany, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Foucault, M. (2000), Governmentality, J. D. Faubion (Ed.), Power: Essen- tial Works of Foucault 1954-1984, Vol 3, Penguin, London: 201-222.
  • Gans, H. (1979), Symbolic ethnicity: The future of ethnic groups and cultu- res in America, Ethnic and Racial Studies 2, No.1 (January): 1-20.
  • Hammar, T. (1990), Democracy and the Nation State, Avebury, Aldershot.
  • Huysmans, J. (1989), The Question of the Limit: Desecuritization and the Aesthetics of Horror in Political Realism, Millenium: Journal of Internati- onal Studies, Sayı 27(3): 569-589.
  • Ireland, P. R. (2000), “Reaping What They Sow: Institutions and Immigrant Political Participation in Western Europe,” R. Koopmans and P. Statham (eds.), Challenging Immigration and Ethnic Relations Politics, Oxford Uni- versity Press, Oxford: 233-282.
  • Kaya, A. (1998), Multicultural Clientalism and Alevi Resurgence in the Turkish Diaspora: Berlin-Alevis, New Perspectives on Turkey, 18 (Spring): 23-49.
  • Kaya, A. (2001), Sicher in Kreuzberg: Berlin’deki Küçük İstanbul. Büke Yayın- ları, İstanbul.
  • Kaya, A. (2012), Islam, Migration and Integration: The Age of Securitization. Palgrave Mac Millan, London.
  • Kaya, A. & Adaman, F. (2012), Social Impact of Emigration and Rural-Urban Migration in Central and Eastern Europe: Turkey, Report prepared with Fikret Adaman for the Directory General of Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion of the European Commission under the auspices of GVG in Cologne, Germany (April 2012). http://ec.europa.ec/social
  • Kaya, A. & Kentel, F. (2005), Euro-Türkler. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Ya- yınları.
  • Kaya, A. & Kentel, F. (2008), Belçika-Türkleri. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Koenig, M. (2003), The public incorporation of Muslim migrants in Western Europe --a comparative perspective, Religion and diversity in international focus: Research and policy issues, chair Paul Bradamat, John Biles, and m Humera Ibrahim. 8th International Metropolis Confederence, Vienna.
  • Kosnick, K. (2007), Migrant Media: Turkish Broadcasting and Multicultural Politics in Berlin, Indiana University Press, Bloomington & Indianapolis.
  • MacIntyre, A. (1971), Against the Self-Images of the Age: Essays on Ideology, Schoken Books, New York.
  • Mandaville, P. (2001), Transnational Muslim Politics: Reimagining the Umma, Routledge, London.
  • Maussen, M. (2007), The Governance of Islam in Western Europe: A state of the art report, Working Paper, No. 16, IMISCOE.
  • Nielsen, J. (1987), Muslims in Britain: Searching for an Identity?, New Community, Vol. 13, No. 3 (Spring): 384-394.
  • Odmalm, P. (2005), Migration Policies and Political Participation: Inclusion or Intrusion in Western Europe? Palgrave MacMillan, Hampshire.
  • Park R. E. ve diğerleri (1925). The City, University of Chicago Press, London.
  • Pieterse, J. N. (1997), Travelling Islam: mosques without minarets, Ayşe Öncü and Petra Weyland (eds.), Space, Culture and Power: New Identities in globalizing cities, Zed Books, London: 177-200.
  • Rath, J. (1993), The Ideological Representation of Migrant Workers in Euro- pe: A Matter of Racialisation?, J. Solomos and J. Wrench (eds.), Racism and Migration in Western Europe,: Berg Publishers, Oxford: 215-232.
  • Rath, J. ve diğerleri (2001), Western Europe and its Islam, Brill, Leiden.
  • Roy, O. (2007). Secularism Confronts Islam. Translated by George Holoch, Columbia University Press, New York.
  • Safran, W. (2003), Pluralism and Multiculturalism in France: Post-Jacobin Transformation, Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 118, No. 3: 437-465.
  • Silvestri, S. (2007), Does Islam Challenge European Identity?, L. Faltin and M. Wright (eds). The Religious Roots of Contemporary European Identity, London and New York: Continuum: 14-28.
  • Simmel, G. (1971/1908), The Stranger, D. N. Levine (ed.), Georg Simmel: On Individuality and Social Forms, The University of Chicago Press, Chi- cago.
  • Starkey, H. (2003), Education for Citizenship: Reinventing the French Re- public, Susan Milner and Nick Parsons (eds.). Reinventing France: State and Society in the Twenty-First Century, Palgrave, Hampshire: 110-126.
  • Tindemans, L. (1975), European Union, Report to the European Council, Brussels.
  • Zemni, S. ve diğerleri (2006), Etude des Facteurs Limitant la Liberte de Choix d’un Partenaire dans les Groupes de Population d’origine entrangere en Bel- gique, University of Gent: Centre pour l’islam en Europa.
  • Zubaida, S. (2003), Islam in Europe, Critical Quarterly, Vol. 45 (1-2): 88- 98.

Euro-Türkler, Kuşaklararası Farklılıklar, İslam ve Entegrasyon Tartışmaları

Year 2015, Issue: 1, 44 - 79, 01.01.2015

Abstract

Bu makalenin amacı daha 2000’li yıllarda ve 2010’lu yıllarda gerçekleştirilen niceliksel ve niteliksel yöntemlerin kullanıldığı birtakım araştırmalara referansla Avrupa’da yaşayan Türkiye kökenli göçmenlerin ve onların çocuklarının 1970’li yıllardan bu yana Batı Avrupa’da yaşanmakta olan sanayisizleşme sürecinde inşa ettikleri kimliklerin kuşaklararasındaki farklarını ele almak ve dinin bu insanların gündelik hayatlarında ne anlam ifade ettiğini tartışmaktır. Öte yandan makalede tartışılacak bir diğer konu ise Avrupa Birliği (AB) devletlerinin kamusal alanda giderek görünür hale gelen İslam dinini nasıl entegre etmeye çalıştıklarıdır. Bu çerçevede makalenin iddiası, pek çok AB ülkesinde genç Müslümanların İslam’ı demokratikleştirirken ulus-devletlerin İslam’ı kurumsallaştırma eğiliminde oldukları şeklinde ifade edilecektir. Medeniyetler çatışması, kültüralizm ve İslamofobyanın egemen söylemler haline geldiği uluslararası düzlemde Türkiye kökenli göçmenlerin ve onların çocuklarının ulus-devletlerin milliyetçi hegemonyalarına karşı durabilmek için bir yandan Avrupalılık kimliğine diğer yandan da Müslümanlık kimliğine sarılmak suretiyle ulus-aşırı birtakım kimliklenme süreçlerini deneyimledikleri anlatılacaktır

References

  • Abadan-Unat, N. ve diğerleri (2014), Avanti I: Yurt Dışında Yaşayan Türkiye Kökenli Vatandaşların 2014 Cumhurbaşkanlığı Seçimlerindeki Siyasi Dav- ranışları, Araştırma Raporu, Friedrich Ebert Vakfı.
  • Abadan-Unat, N. ve diğerleri (2015), Avanti II: Yurt Dışında Yaşayan Türkiye Kökenli Vatandaşların 2015 Türkiye Genel Seçimlerinde Siyasi Davranışla- rı, Araştırma Raporu, Friedrich Ebert Vakfı.
  • Appadurai, A. (1996), Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalisa- tion, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN
  • Aydemir, N. (2015), Migrant Representation within British and Dutch Po- litical Systems, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Bilkent Üniversitesi, SBE, Ankara.
  • Berkovitz, J. B. (2007), The Napoleonic Sanhedrin: Halachic Foundations and Rabbinical Legacy, CCAR Journal: A Reform Jewish Quarterly (Win- ter): 11-34.
  • Brown, Carl L. (2000), Religion and State: The Muslim Approach to Politics, Columbia University Press, New York.
  • Brubaker, R. (1991), “International Migration: A Challenge for Humanity,” International Migration Review, 25(4), 946–957. doi:10.2307/2546853.
  • Buruma, I. (2007), Murder in Amsterdam: Death of Theo van Gogh and the Limits of Tolerance, Atlantic Books, London.
  • Byrnes, T. A. (2007), Religion and World Politics: A Structural Approach, AICGS Issue Brief, 16 (June).
  • Cesari, J. (2003), Muslim Minorities in Europe: The Silent Revolution, J. Espo- sito and F. Burgat (eds.), Modernizing Islam: Religion in the Public Sphere in the Middle East and in Europe, New Jersey, Rutgers University Press: 251-269.
  • Cesari, J. (2013), Why the West Fears Islam: An Exploration of Muslims in Liberal Societies, Palgrave Macmillan, London, New York.
  • Clifford, J. (1997), Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Cen- tury, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
  • De Certeau, M, (1984). The Practice of Everyday Life, trs. Steven Rendall, University of California Press, Berkeley.
  • Delanty, G. (1995), Inventing Europe: Idea, Identity, Reality, MacMillan Press, London (Türkçesi, Avrupa’nın İcadı, Çev. Hüsamettin İnaç, Anka- ra: Adres Yayınları, 2004).
  • Doty, R. L. (2000), Immigration and the Politics of Security, Security Studies, Sayı 8(2-3): 71-93.
  • Erdoğan, M. (2013), Euro-Türkler-Barometre. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, HUGO.
  • Fadil, N. (2005), The political mobilization of Muslim minorities in the West: a gender (un)friendly project?, Joseph Suad (Ed.), Encyclopedia of women and Islamic cultures. Vol. 2, Brill, Leiden: 293-295.
  • Fetzer, J. S. & Soper, J. C. (2005), Muslims and the State in Britain, France and Germany, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Foucault, M. (2000), Governmentality, J. D. Faubion (Ed.), Power: Essen- tial Works of Foucault 1954-1984, Vol 3, Penguin, London: 201-222.
  • Gans, H. (1979), Symbolic ethnicity: The future of ethnic groups and cultu- res in America, Ethnic and Racial Studies 2, No.1 (January): 1-20.
  • Hammar, T. (1990), Democracy and the Nation State, Avebury, Aldershot.
  • Huysmans, J. (1989), The Question of the Limit: Desecuritization and the Aesthetics of Horror in Political Realism, Millenium: Journal of Internati- onal Studies, Sayı 27(3): 569-589.
  • Ireland, P. R. (2000), “Reaping What They Sow: Institutions and Immigrant Political Participation in Western Europe,” R. Koopmans and P. Statham (eds.), Challenging Immigration and Ethnic Relations Politics, Oxford Uni- versity Press, Oxford: 233-282.
  • Kaya, A. (1998), Multicultural Clientalism and Alevi Resurgence in the Turkish Diaspora: Berlin-Alevis, New Perspectives on Turkey, 18 (Spring): 23-49.
  • Kaya, A. (2001), Sicher in Kreuzberg: Berlin’deki Küçük İstanbul. Büke Yayın- ları, İstanbul.
  • Kaya, A. (2012), Islam, Migration and Integration: The Age of Securitization. Palgrave Mac Millan, London.
  • Kaya, A. & Adaman, F. (2012), Social Impact of Emigration and Rural-Urban Migration in Central and Eastern Europe: Turkey, Report prepared with Fikret Adaman for the Directory General of Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion of the European Commission under the auspices of GVG in Cologne, Germany (April 2012). http://ec.europa.ec/social
  • Kaya, A. & Kentel, F. (2005), Euro-Türkler. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Ya- yınları.
  • Kaya, A. & Kentel, F. (2008), Belçika-Türkleri. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Koenig, M. (2003), The public incorporation of Muslim migrants in Western Europe --a comparative perspective, Religion and diversity in international focus: Research and policy issues, chair Paul Bradamat, John Biles, and m Humera Ibrahim. 8th International Metropolis Confederence, Vienna.
  • Kosnick, K. (2007), Migrant Media: Turkish Broadcasting and Multicultural Politics in Berlin, Indiana University Press, Bloomington & Indianapolis.
  • MacIntyre, A. (1971), Against the Self-Images of the Age: Essays on Ideology, Schoken Books, New York.
  • Mandaville, P. (2001), Transnational Muslim Politics: Reimagining the Umma, Routledge, London.
  • Maussen, M. (2007), The Governance of Islam in Western Europe: A state of the art report, Working Paper, No. 16, IMISCOE.
  • Nielsen, J. (1987), Muslims in Britain: Searching for an Identity?, New Community, Vol. 13, No. 3 (Spring): 384-394.
  • Odmalm, P. (2005), Migration Policies and Political Participation: Inclusion or Intrusion in Western Europe? Palgrave MacMillan, Hampshire.
  • Park R. E. ve diğerleri (1925). The City, University of Chicago Press, London.
  • Pieterse, J. N. (1997), Travelling Islam: mosques without minarets, Ayşe Öncü and Petra Weyland (eds.), Space, Culture and Power: New Identities in globalizing cities, Zed Books, London: 177-200.
  • Rath, J. (1993), The Ideological Representation of Migrant Workers in Euro- pe: A Matter of Racialisation?, J. Solomos and J. Wrench (eds.), Racism and Migration in Western Europe,: Berg Publishers, Oxford: 215-232.
  • Rath, J. ve diğerleri (2001), Western Europe and its Islam, Brill, Leiden.
  • Roy, O. (2007). Secularism Confronts Islam. Translated by George Holoch, Columbia University Press, New York.
  • Safran, W. (2003), Pluralism and Multiculturalism in France: Post-Jacobin Transformation, Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 118, No. 3: 437-465.
  • Silvestri, S. (2007), Does Islam Challenge European Identity?, L. Faltin and M. Wright (eds). The Religious Roots of Contemporary European Identity, London and New York: Continuum: 14-28.
  • Simmel, G. (1971/1908), The Stranger, D. N. Levine (ed.), Georg Simmel: On Individuality and Social Forms, The University of Chicago Press, Chi- cago.
  • Starkey, H. (2003), Education for Citizenship: Reinventing the French Re- public, Susan Milner and Nick Parsons (eds.). Reinventing France: State and Society in the Twenty-First Century, Palgrave, Hampshire: 110-126.
  • Tindemans, L. (1975), European Union, Report to the European Council, Brussels.
  • Zemni, S. ve diğerleri (2006), Etude des Facteurs Limitant la Liberte de Choix d’un Partenaire dans les Groupes de Population d’origine entrangere en Bel- gique, University of Gent: Centre pour l’islam en Europa.
  • Zubaida, S. (2003), Islam in Europe, Critical Quarterly, Vol. 45 (1-2): 88- 98.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Other ID JA36NA39EP
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ayhan Kaya

Publication Date January 1, 2015
Submission Date January 1, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kaya, A. (2015). Euro-Türkler, Kuşaklararası Farklılıklar, İslam ve Entegrasyon Tartışmaları. Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi(1), 44-79.