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Suriyeli Mülteciler için İnsani Diplomasi ve Türkiye-AB İlişkileri

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 10 - 39, 15.12.2017

Abstract

Türkiye, Suriye ve Irak gibi Ortadoğu’daki
sorun yaşanan bölgelere yakınlığı nedeniyle artan kitlesel mülteci akınına
maruz kalmıştır. Avrupa Birliği(AB) bu konudan rahatsızlık duymaktadır, çünkü
Türkiye sınırını aşan mülteciler Korunaklı Kale Avrupası’nın sınırlarına
dayanmaktadır ve böylece Avrupa’ya gitmektedirler. AB ve Türkiye, bu mülteci
sorununa farklı yaklaşmakta ve farklı politikalar üretmektedir. Bu çalışma,
2011 sonrası Suriyeli mülteci krizinin politika uygulamalarını analiz
etmektedir. Devam eden mülteci krizinin iki tarafın politikalarına ve
Türkiye-AB ilişkileri üzerine etkileri insani diplomasi anlayışı ışığında
analiz edilmiştir.




References

  • Refugee Council. (tarih yok), “Refugee Resettlement: the facts”: https://www.refugeecouncil.org.uk/what_we_do/refugee_services/resettlement_programme/refugee_resettlement_the_facts, (1.06.2017) Achilli Luigi, Yassin N. & Erdoğan M. M. (2017),"Neighbouring Host-Countries' Policies For Syrian Refugees: The Cases of Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey", European Institute of Mediterranean.
  • AFAD. (2017, May 22), "Barınma Merkezlerinde Son Durum": https://www.afad.gov.tr/upload/Node/2374/files/Barinma_merkezlerindeki_son_durum.pdf (1.06.2017)
  • Akgün, B. (2012),"Suriye Krizi'nde Bölgesel ve Küresel Aktörler", Ankara: SDE Uluslararası İlişkiler Programı Koordinatörlüğü.
  • Amnesty International. (2014), "Hayatta Kalma Mücadelesi Türkiye'deki Suriye'den Gelen Mülteciler", Uluslararası Af Örgütü, Londra.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu. (2015), 2015 Yılı Türkiye Raporu, Avrupa Komisyonu, Brüksel.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu.(2016), 2016 Türkiye Raporu, Avrupa Komisyonu, Brüksel.
  • Bakanlar Kurulu. (2016, January 15), "GEÇİCİ KORUMA SAĞLANAN YABANCILARIN ÇALIŞMA İZİNLERİNE DAİR YÖNETMELİK": http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/3.5.20168375.pdf (1.06/2017)
  • Başbakanlık Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı (AFAD). (2014), "Suriye'den Türkiye'ye Nüfus Hareketleri Kardeş Topraklarından Misafirlik", AFAD, Ankara.
  • Bayer R. & Keyman E. (2012), "Turkey: An Emerging Hub of Globalization and Internationalist Humanitarian Actor?", Globalizations Vol.9, No.1, 73-90.
  • Boyes, R. (2017, March 22), "Erdogan threatens a summer of chaos for the EU", The Times: http://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/erdogan-threatens-a-summer-of-chaos-for-the-eu-sf7mpzd8l (22.03.2017).
  • Cebeci E. & Üstün K. (2012), "The Syrian Quagmire: What’s Holding Turkey Back?", Insight Turkey Vol.14, No.2, 13-21.
  • Coşkun O.& Karadeniz T. (2017, March 15), "Turkey reassures investors, says Dutch business not at risk", Reuters: http://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-referendum-netherlands-ministe-idUSKBN16M0OT (22.03.2017).
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  • DAILY SABAH with ANADOLU AGENCY. (2017, March 15), "We may cancel Turkey-EU refugee deal", Foreign Minister Çavuşoğlu says, Daily Sabah: https://www.dailysabah.com/diplomacy/2017/03/15/we-may-cancel-turkey-eu-refugee-deal-foreign-minister-cavusoglu-says (22.03.2017).
  • Davutoğlu, A. (2013), "Turkey's humanitarian diplomacy: objectives, challenges and prospects", Nationalities Papers Vol.41, No.6, 865-870.
  • European Commission(2017, January), "Syria Crisis Echo Factsheet Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection", http://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/aid/countries/factsheets/syria_en.pdf (16.02.2017).
  • European Commission. (2017, January), "Turkey: Refugee crisis Echo Factsheet, European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations": http://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/aid/countries/factsheets/turkey_syrian_crisis_en.pdf (16.02.2017)
  • European Union (2011, June 9), "Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the European Union on the alignment of certain third countries with the Council Decision 2011/273/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria", as implemented by Council Decision 2011/302/CFSP, http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/cfsp/122483.pdf (3.11.2014).
  • European Union (2011, August 19), "Statement by High Representative Catherine Ashton on the broadening of restrictive measures against the government of Syria", https://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/124418.pdf (3.11.2014).
  • Eurostat Statistics Explained. (2017, May 11), "Asylum statistics": http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Asylum_statistics (1.06.2017) Fandrich, C. (2012), "Healing a Neighbourhood: Potential EU Responses to the Syrian Refugee Crisis", Migration Policy Centre, Italy.
  • Fandrich, C. (2012), "The Syrian Refugee Crisis: A Common EU Response Needed", https://blogs.eui.eu/migrationpolicycentre/the-syrian-refugee-crisis-a-common-eu-response-needed/ (21.01.2015).
  • Fargues P. & Fandrich C. (2012/14), "The European Response to the Syrian Refugees Crisis What Next?", Migration Policy Centre Research Report, Italy.
  • Gowan, R. (2012), "The EU and Syria: everyting but force?", http://www.iss.europa.eu/publications/detail/article/the-eu-and-syria-everything-but-force/ (21.01.2015).
  • İçduygu, A. (2015), "Syrian Refugees in Turkey: The Long Road Ahead", Washington D.C., Migration Policy Institute.
  • İçişleri Bakanlığı Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü. (2015, February 2), "Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanununda Geçici Koruma": http://www.goc.gov.tr/icerik3/yabancilar-ve-uluslararasi-koruma-kanununda-gecici-koruma_409_558_1098 (1.06.2017).
  • International Crisis Group (2013), "Blurring the Borders: Syrian Spillover Risks for Turkey", Belgium.
  • International Organization for Migration (2004), Glossary on Migration, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Kartal B. & Başçı E. (2014), "Türkiye'ye Yönelik Mülteci ve Sığınmacı Hareketleri", CBÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Cilt 12, Sayı 2, 275-299.
  • Kirişci, K. (2014), "Misafirliğin Ötesine Geçerken Türkiye'nin "Suriyeli Mülteciler" Sınavı", Uluslararası Stratejik Araştırmalar Kurumu& Brookings Enstitüsü, WashingtonD.C.
  • Kural, B. (2013), "Suriyeli Sığınmacılar Artıyor, Hükümet Yardıma Açık Olmalı", Bianet Bağımsız İletişim Ağı: http://bianet.org/bianet/insan-haklari/149677-suriyeli-siginmacilar-artiyor-hukumet-yardima-acik-olmali (3.11.2014).
  • Minear, L. (2007), "The craft of humanitarian diplomacy", S. H. Edited by Minear Larry içinde, Humanitarian Diplomacy Practitioners and Their Craft (7-35),United Nations University Press,Tokyo.
  • Orchard C. & Miller A. (2014), "Protection in Europe for Refugees from Syria", Refugee Studies Centre,Oxford.
  • ORSAM (2014), AFAD BAŞKANI: "Türkiye Başarısını Tecrübesine, Sistemli Olmasına ve Siyasi İradesine Borçlu", Ortadoğu Analiz, Vol.6,No.61, 92-100. Özden, Ş. (2013), Syrian Refugees in Turkey, Migration Policy Centre, Italy.
  • Öztürk, B. (2012), "Avrupa Birliği'nin İran ve Suriye Politikasının Türkiye'ye Etkisi", Ortadoğu Analiz Cilt 4, Sayı 48, 39-52.
  • Parasiliti, A. (2013, April 16), "EU Official: ‘We Don’t See the End’ of Syria Crisis", http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/04/kristalina-georgieva-syria-eu-commissioner-humanitarian-aid.html (15.01.2015).
  • Phillips, C. (2012), Turkey's Syria Problem, Public Policy Research, Vol.19, Issue.2, 137-141.
  • Posta Gazetesi (2014, Kasım 11), "Suriyeliler'e Çalışma İzni Verilecek", Posta Gazetesi: http://www.posta.com.tr/ekonomi/HaberDetay/Suriyeliler-e-calisma-izni-verilecek.htm?ArticleID=253000 (17.11.2014).
  • Regnier, P. (2011), The emerging concept of humanitarian diplomacy: İdentification of a community of practice and prospects for internationak recognition, International Review of the Red Cross.
  • Sağıroğlu, A. Z. (2016), "NOT ONLY A BURDEN BUT ALSO A CONTRIBUTION: THE IMPACT OF SYRIANS ON THE TURKISH ECONOMY", Turkish Migration Conference 2016, Vienna,Transnational Press London.
  • Sağıroğlu,A.Z.(2016), “Turkey’s Migration law and policy: is it a new era?” Edited by Ibrahim Sirkeci and Barbara Pusch içinde Turkish Migration Policy (41-53),Transnational Press London.
  • Smith, H. (2007), Humanitarian diplomacy: Theory and practice, S. H. edited by Minear Larry içinde, "Humanitarian Diplomacy Practitioners and Their Craft (36-62)", United Nations University Press,Tokyo.
  • Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu (SGK) (2014, Kasım 8), "Suriyeli Sığınmacılara Kimlik ve İş Verilecek", SGK: http://www.sgk.com.tr/2158-Haber1-suriyeli-siginmacilara-kimlik-ve-is-verilecek.html (17.11.2014).
  • Türk Kızılayı(2017), "Suriye Krizi İnsani Yardım Operasyonu", Türk Kızılayı Göç ve Mülteci Hizmetleri Müdürlüğü.
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı (2016, Temmuz 2), "Suriyeli Kardeşlerimize Vatandaşlık İmkanı Vereceğiz", http://www.tccb.gov.tr/haberler/410/45574/suriyeli-kardeslerimize-vatandaslik-imkni-verecegiz.html (10.05.2017)
  • UNHCR. (2014), Turkey: RRP6 Monthly Update-September Food Security, The UN Refugee Agency: data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/download.php?id=7399 (4.11.2014).
  • UNHCR. (2016, June), "UNHCR Projected Global Resetlement Needs": http://www.unhcr.org/uk/protection/resettlement/575836267/unhcr-projected-global-resettlement-needs-2017.html (1.06.2017)
  • UNHCR. (2017b, May 30), "Syria Emergency": http://www.unhcr.org/syria-emergency.html (1.06.2017)
  • UNHCR. (2017a, February 27), "Poorer countries host most of the forcibly displaced", report shows: http://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2017/2/58b001ab4/poorer-countries-host-forcibly-displaced-report-shows.html (1.06.2017)
  • Whittall, J. (2009), 'It's like talking to a brick wall': humanitarian diplomacy in the occupied Palestinian territory, Progress in Development Studies 9, 1, 37-53.

Humanitarian Diplomacy for Syrian Refugees and Turkey-EU Relations

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 10 - 39, 15.12.2017

Abstract

Turkey has been exposed
to growing mass refugee influx, because of its location in proximity to crisis
regions in the Middle East such as Syria and Iraq. The European Union (EU) has
been disturbed from this issue because the refugees who crossed the border of
Turkey are based on the boundary of Fortress Europe, and thus they are on their
way to Europe. Turkey and EU have approached differently and produced different
policies to this refugee challenge. This study analyses
the policy
implications
of the post- 2011 Syrian
refugee crisis. The effects of the ongoing refugee crisis on the policies of
the two parties and on the Turkish-EU relations are analyzed in light of the
insights from humanitarian diplomacy.




References

  • Refugee Council. (tarih yok), “Refugee Resettlement: the facts”: https://www.refugeecouncil.org.uk/what_we_do/refugee_services/resettlement_programme/refugee_resettlement_the_facts, (1.06.2017) Achilli Luigi, Yassin N. & Erdoğan M. M. (2017),"Neighbouring Host-Countries' Policies For Syrian Refugees: The Cases of Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey", European Institute of Mediterranean.
  • AFAD. (2017, May 22), "Barınma Merkezlerinde Son Durum": https://www.afad.gov.tr/upload/Node/2374/files/Barinma_merkezlerindeki_son_durum.pdf (1.06.2017)
  • Akgün, B. (2012),"Suriye Krizi'nde Bölgesel ve Küresel Aktörler", Ankara: SDE Uluslararası İlişkiler Programı Koordinatörlüğü.
  • Amnesty International. (2014), "Hayatta Kalma Mücadelesi Türkiye'deki Suriye'den Gelen Mülteciler", Uluslararası Af Örgütü, Londra.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu. (2015), 2015 Yılı Türkiye Raporu, Avrupa Komisyonu, Brüksel.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu.(2016), 2016 Türkiye Raporu, Avrupa Komisyonu, Brüksel.
  • Bakanlar Kurulu. (2016, January 15), "GEÇİCİ KORUMA SAĞLANAN YABANCILARIN ÇALIŞMA İZİNLERİNE DAİR YÖNETMELİK": http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/3.5.20168375.pdf (1.06/2017)
  • Başbakanlık Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı (AFAD). (2014), "Suriye'den Türkiye'ye Nüfus Hareketleri Kardeş Topraklarından Misafirlik", AFAD, Ankara.
  • Bayer R. & Keyman E. (2012), "Turkey: An Emerging Hub of Globalization and Internationalist Humanitarian Actor?", Globalizations Vol.9, No.1, 73-90.
  • Boyes, R. (2017, March 22), "Erdogan threatens a summer of chaos for the EU", The Times: http://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/erdogan-threatens-a-summer-of-chaos-for-the-eu-sf7mpzd8l (22.03.2017).
  • Cebeci E. & Üstün K. (2012), "The Syrian Quagmire: What’s Holding Turkey Back?", Insight Turkey Vol.14, No.2, 13-21.
  • Coşkun O.& Karadeniz T. (2017, March 15), "Turkey reassures investors, says Dutch business not at risk", Reuters: http://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-referendum-netherlands-ministe-idUSKBN16M0OT (22.03.2017).
  • Council of The European Union (2011, August 23), "Syria: restrictive measures", http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/124424.pdf (3.11.2014).
  • DAILY SABAH with ANADOLU AGENCY. (2017, March 15), "We may cancel Turkey-EU refugee deal", Foreign Minister Çavuşoğlu says, Daily Sabah: https://www.dailysabah.com/diplomacy/2017/03/15/we-may-cancel-turkey-eu-refugee-deal-foreign-minister-cavusoglu-says (22.03.2017).
  • Davutoğlu, A. (2013), "Turkey's humanitarian diplomacy: objectives, challenges and prospects", Nationalities Papers Vol.41, No.6, 865-870.
  • European Commission(2017, January), "Syria Crisis Echo Factsheet Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection", http://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/aid/countries/factsheets/syria_en.pdf (16.02.2017).
  • European Commission. (2017, January), "Turkey: Refugee crisis Echo Factsheet, European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations": http://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/aid/countries/factsheets/turkey_syrian_crisis_en.pdf (16.02.2017)
  • European Union (2011, June 9), "Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the European Union on the alignment of certain third countries with the Council Decision 2011/273/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria", as implemented by Council Decision 2011/302/CFSP, http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/cfsp/122483.pdf (3.11.2014).
  • European Union (2011, August 19), "Statement by High Representative Catherine Ashton on the broadening of restrictive measures against the government of Syria", https://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/124418.pdf (3.11.2014).
  • Eurostat Statistics Explained. (2017, May 11), "Asylum statistics": http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Asylum_statistics (1.06.2017) Fandrich, C. (2012), "Healing a Neighbourhood: Potential EU Responses to the Syrian Refugee Crisis", Migration Policy Centre, Italy.
  • Fandrich, C. (2012), "The Syrian Refugee Crisis: A Common EU Response Needed", https://blogs.eui.eu/migrationpolicycentre/the-syrian-refugee-crisis-a-common-eu-response-needed/ (21.01.2015).
  • Fargues P. & Fandrich C. (2012/14), "The European Response to the Syrian Refugees Crisis What Next?", Migration Policy Centre Research Report, Italy.
  • Gowan, R. (2012), "The EU and Syria: everyting but force?", http://www.iss.europa.eu/publications/detail/article/the-eu-and-syria-everything-but-force/ (21.01.2015).
  • İçduygu, A. (2015), "Syrian Refugees in Turkey: The Long Road Ahead", Washington D.C., Migration Policy Institute.
  • İçişleri Bakanlığı Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü. (2015, February 2), "Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanununda Geçici Koruma": http://www.goc.gov.tr/icerik3/yabancilar-ve-uluslararasi-koruma-kanununda-gecici-koruma_409_558_1098 (1.06.2017).
  • International Crisis Group (2013), "Blurring the Borders: Syrian Spillover Risks for Turkey", Belgium.
  • International Organization for Migration (2004), Glossary on Migration, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Kartal B. & Başçı E. (2014), "Türkiye'ye Yönelik Mülteci ve Sığınmacı Hareketleri", CBÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Cilt 12, Sayı 2, 275-299.
  • Kirişci, K. (2014), "Misafirliğin Ötesine Geçerken Türkiye'nin "Suriyeli Mülteciler" Sınavı", Uluslararası Stratejik Araştırmalar Kurumu& Brookings Enstitüsü, WashingtonD.C.
  • Kural, B. (2013), "Suriyeli Sığınmacılar Artıyor, Hükümet Yardıma Açık Olmalı", Bianet Bağımsız İletişim Ağı: http://bianet.org/bianet/insan-haklari/149677-suriyeli-siginmacilar-artiyor-hukumet-yardima-acik-olmali (3.11.2014).
  • Minear, L. (2007), "The craft of humanitarian diplomacy", S. H. Edited by Minear Larry içinde, Humanitarian Diplomacy Practitioners and Their Craft (7-35),United Nations University Press,Tokyo.
  • Orchard C. & Miller A. (2014), "Protection in Europe for Refugees from Syria", Refugee Studies Centre,Oxford.
  • ORSAM (2014), AFAD BAŞKANI: "Türkiye Başarısını Tecrübesine, Sistemli Olmasına ve Siyasi İradesine Borçlu", Ortadoğu Analiz, Vol.6,No.61, 92-100. Özden, Ş. (2013), Syrian Refugees in Turkey, Migration Policy Centre, Italy.
  • Öztürk, B. (2012), "Avrupa Birliği'nin İran ve Suriye Politikasının Türkiye'ye Etkisi", Ortadoğu Analiz Cilt 4, Sayı 48, 39-52.
  • Parasiliti, A. (2013, April 16), "EU Official: ‘We Don’t See the End’ of Syria Crisis", http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/04/kristalina-georgieva-syria-eu-commissioner-humanitarian-aid.html (15.01.2015).
  • Phillips, C. (2012), Turkey's Syria Problem, Public Policy Research, Vol.19, Issue.2, 137-141.
  • Posta Gazetesi (2014, Kasım 11), "Suriyeliler'e Çalışma İzni Verilecek", Posta Gazetesi: http://www.posta.com.tr/ekonomi/HaberDetay/Suriyeliler-e-calisma-izni-verilecek.htm?ArticleID=253000 (17.11.2014).
  • Regnier, P. (2011), The emerging concept of humanitarian diplomacy: İdentification of a community of practice and prospects for internationak recognition, International Review of the Red Cross.
  • Sağıroğlu, A. Z. (2016), "NOT ONLY A BURDEN BUT ALSO A CONTRIBUTION: THE IMPACT OF SYRIANS ON THE TURKISH ECONOMY", Turkish Migration Conference 2016, Vienna,Transnational Press London.
  • Sağıroğlu,A.Z.(2016), “Turkey’s Migration law and policy: is it a new era?” Edited by Ibrahim Sirkeci and Barbara Pusch içinde Turkish Migration Policy (41-53),Transnational Press London.
  • Smith, H. (2007), Humanitarian diplomacy: Theory and practice, S. H. edited by Minear Larry içinde, "Humanitarian Diplomacy Practitioners and Their Craft (36-62)", United Nations University Press,Tokyo.
  • Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu (SGK) (2014, Kasım 8), "Suriyeli Sığınmacılara Kimlik ve İş Verilecek", SGK: http://www.sgk.com.tr/2158-Haber1-suriyeli-siginmacilara-kimlik-ve-is-verilecek.html (17.11.2014).
  • Türk Kızılayı(2017), "Suriye Krizi İnsani Yardım Operasyonu", Türk Kızılayı Göç ve Mülteci Hizmetleri Müdürlüğü.
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı (2016, Temmuz 2), "Suriyeli Kardeşlerimize Vatandaşlık İmkanı Vereceğiz", http://www.tccb.gov.tr/haberler/410/45574/suriyeli-kardeslerimize-vatandaslik-imkni-verecegiz.html (10.05.2017)
  • UNHCR. (2014), Turkey: RRP6 Monthly Update-September Food Security, The UN Refugee Agency: data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/download.php?id=7399 (4.11.2014).
  • UNHCR. (2016, June), "UNHCR Projected Global Resetlement Needs": http://www.unhcr.org/uk/protection/resettlement/575836267/unhcr-projected-global-resettlement-needs-2017.html (1.06.2017)
  • UNHCR. (2017b, May 30), "Syria Emergency": http://www.unhcr.org/syria-emergency.html (1.06.2017)
  • UNHCR. (2017a, February 27), "Poorer countries host most of the forcibly displaced", report shows: http://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2017/2/58b001ab4/poorer-countries-host-forcibly-displaced-report-shows.html (1.06.2017)
  • Whittall, J. (2009), 'It's like talking to a brick wall': humanitarian diplomacy in the occupied Palestinian territory, Progress in Development Studies 9, 1, 37-53.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Giray Sadık

Hilal Zorba

Publication Date December 15, 2017
Submission Date August 15, 2017
Acceptance Date November 15, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Sadık, G., & Zorba, H. (2017). Humanitarian Diplomacy for Syrian Refugees and Turkey-EU Relations. Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 10-39.