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An Examination on Public Relations Campaigns Regarding Women to Prevent Human Trafficking

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 118 - 142, 23.06.2020

Abstract

In recent years, the public relations campaigns aiming to prevent human trafficking have been prepared by both official and non-governmental organizations around the world. Among these campaigns, it has seen that public relations campaigns, which deal with the negative dimension of human trafficking especially for women, come to the forefront. In this study, four public relations campaigns (Tears, Sacrifice, Freedom, Attention) determined using purposeful sampling method were used to explain the messages about the victimization of women. For this purpose, posters used in public relations campaigns were examined using semiotic analysis through the concepts of semiotics of American linguist Charles Sanders Peirce. As a result of the study, it was found that women lost their freedom, they were excluded from the society and they subjected to physical exploitation because of human trafficking.

References

  • Alvarez, M. B., & Alessi, E. J. (2012). Human Trafficking is More Than Sex Trafficking and Prostitution: Implications for Social Work. Affilia, 27(2), 142-152. Andrijasevic, R. (2007). Beautiful Dead Bodies: Gender, Migration and Representation in Anti-Trafficking Campaigns. Feminist Review, 86(1), 24-44. Aradau, C. (2004). The Perverse Politics of Four-Letter Words: Risk and Pity in the Securitisation of Human Trafficking. Millennium, 33(2), 251-277. Askola, H. (2007). Violence against Women, Trafficking, and Migration in the European Union. European Law Journal, 13(2), 204-217. Barın, H. (2015). Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Kadınların Toplumsal Bağlamda Yaşadıkları Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri. Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, (2), 10-56. Behance (2019). "ABD'nin Halkla İlişkiler Kampanyası", https:// www. behance. net/ gallery / 3387001/ Human- Trafficking- Public- Awareness-Campaign- Poster, Erişim Tarihi: 23. 06. 2019. Brysk, A. (2009). Beyond Framing and Shaming: Human Trafficking, Human Security and Human Rights. Journal of Human Security, 5(3), 8-21. CNDH (2019). "Meksika'nın Halkla İlişkiler Kampanyası", http:// www. cndh. org. mx/ Campana _Trata, Erişim Tarihi: 23. 06. 2019. Corrin, C. (2005). Transitional Road for Traffic: Analysing Trafficking in Women from and through Central and Eastern Europe. Europe-Asia Studies, 57(4), 543-560. Coşkun, E. (2014). Türkiye'de Göçmen Kadınlar ve Seks Ticareti. Calisma ve Toplum, 42(3), 185-206. Coşkun, E. (2016). Türkiye'nin Göç Rejiminde Toplumsal Cinsiyet Faktörü: Ugandalı Göçmen Kadınlar Örneği. Fe Journal: Feminist Critique/Fe Dergi: Feminist Elestiri, 8(1). 91-104. Çetin, M., & Sönmez, E. E. (2015). Sosyal Temsil Kuramı Bağlamında Kurumsal Reklamlar: Türk Hava Yolları Örneği. İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, 1(39), 191-207. Deshpande, N. A., & Nour, N. M. (2013). Sex Trafficking of Women and Girls. Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 6(1), 22-27. Fiske, J. (2017). İletişim Çalışmalarına Giriş. Çev., Süleyman İrvan. 5. Basım. Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları. Friesendorf, C. (2007). Pathologies of Security Governance: Efforts Against Human Trafficking in Europe. Security Dialogue, 38(3), 379-402. Gajic-Veljanoski, O., & Stewart, D. E. (2007). Women Trafficked into Prostitution: Determinants, Human Rights and Health Needs. Transcultural Psychiatry, 44(3), 338-358. Gazi, M. A., Çakı, C. (2018). Siyahi Ayrımcılığa Karşı Hazırlanan Kamu Spotu Reklamları. International Journal of Labour Life and Social Policy, 1 (2), 48-62. Gould, C. (2010). Moral panic, Human Trafficking and the 2010 Soccer World Cup. Agenda, 24(85), 31-44. Gulati, G. J. (2011). News Frames and Story Triggers in the Media’s Coverage of Human Trafficking. Human Rights Review, 12(3), 363-379. Hodge, D. R., & Lietz, C. A. (2007). The International Sexual Trafficking of Women and Children: A Review of The Literature. Affilia, 22(2), 163-174. Hughes, D. M., & Denisova, T. A. (2001). The Transnational Political Criminal Nexus of Trafficking in Women from Ukraine. Trends in Organized Crime, 6(3-4), 43-67. Jahic, G., & Karan, U. (2006). Türk Ceza ve Ceza Usul Hukuku ve Fuhuş amaçlı İnsan Ticareti Suçunda Yaşanan Sorunlar. Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, 67, 97-110. Kempadoo, K. (2015). The Modern-day White (wo) Man’s Burden: Trends in Anti-Trafficking and Anti-Slavery Campaigns. Journal of Human Trafficking, 1(1), 8-20. Kligman, G., & Limoncelli, S. (2005). Trafficking Women after Socialism: From, to, and through Eastern Europe. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society, 12(1), 118-140. Lutya, T. M. (2009). Epi-Criminological Responses to Human Trafficking of Young Women and Girls for Involuntary Prostitution in South Africa. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 10(S1), 59-78. Mahmoud, T. O., & Trebesch, C. (2010). The Economics of Human Trafficking and Labour Migration: Micro-Evidence from Eastern Europe. Journal of Comparative Economics, 38(2), 173-188. McDonald, W. F. (2004). Traffic Counts, Symbols & Agendas: A Critique of the Campaign against Trafficking of Human Beings. International Review of Victimology, 11(1), 143-176. McDonald, W. F. (2014). Explaining the Under-Performance of the Anti-Human-Trafficking Campaign: Experience from the United States and Europe. Crime, Law and Social Change, 61(2), 125-138. Nieuwenhuys, C., & Pécoud, A. (2007). Human Trafficking, Information Campaigns, and Strategies of Migration Control. American Behavioral Scientist, 50(12), 1674-1695. O’Brien, E. (2016). Human Trafficking Heroes and Villains: Representing the Problem in Anti-Trafficking Awareness Campaigns. Social & Legal Studies, 25(2), 205-224. Outshoorn, J. (2005). The Political Debates on Prostitution and Trafficking of Women. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society, 12(1), 141-155. Paul, B. K., & Hasnath, S. A. (2000). Trafficking in Bangladeshi Women and Girls. Geographical Review, 90(2), 268-276. Purple Teardrop (2019). "İngiltere'nin Halkla İlişkiler Kampanyası", http://www. purpleteardrop. org. uk /resources/, Erişim Tarihi: 23. 06. 2019. Raphael, J., Reichert, J. A., & Powers, M. (2010). Pimp Control and Violence: Domestic Sex Trafficking of Chicago Women and Girls. Women & Criminal Justice, 20(1-2), 89-104. Rifat, M. (2013). Açıklamalı Göstergebilim Sözlüğü: Kavramlar, Yöntemler, Kuramcılar, Okullar. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları. Sever, M. (2018). Türkiye’de Kadın Ticaretine Yönelik Politikaların İncelenmesi. Sosyal Çalışma Dergisi, 2(2), 32-42. Siegel, D., & De Blank, S. (2010). Women Who Traffic Women: the Role of Women in Human Trafficking Networks–Dutch Cases. Global Crime, 11(4), 436-447. Stewart, D. E., & Gajic-Veljanoski, O. (2005). Trafficking in Women: the Canadian Perspective. Cmaj, 173(1), 25-26. Şeker, D. (2016). Göç Sürecinde Kadın. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(1), 199-214. Tanyeri Mazıcı, E., & Çakı, C. (2018). Adolf Hitler’in Korku Çekiciliği Bağlamında Kamu Spotu Reklamlarında Kullanımı. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 5(3), 290-306. Terminal Pasto (2019). "Kolombiya'nın Halkla İlişkiler Kampanyası", http:// terminalpasto. gov. co/ campana- esoescuento- 2/, http://www. purpleteardrop. org. uk /resources/, Erişim Tarihi: 23. 06. 2019. Tsutsumi, A., Izutsu, T., Poudyal, A. K., Kato, S., & Marui, E. (2008). Mental Health of Female Survivors of Human Trafficking in Nepal. Social Science & Medicine, 66(8), 1841-1847. Ugarte, M. B., Zarate, L., & Farley, M. (2004). Prostitution and Trafficking of Women and Children from Mexico to the United States. Journal of Trauma Practice, 2(3-4), 147-165. Womanstats (2019). "Ülkelere Göre Kadınların Güvenlik Durumları", http:// www. womanstats. org/, Erişim Tarihi: 23. 06. 2019. Yılmaz, A. (2019). Göç ve Kadın: “Göçün Feminizasyonu” ve Kadın Göçmenlerin Durumu. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17 (1), 383-400.

İnsan Ticaretini Önlemeye Yönelik Olarak Kadınları Konu Alan Halkla İlişkiler Kampanyaları Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 118 - 142, 23.06.2020

Abstract

Son yıllarda dünya genelinde gerek resmi gerekse sivil toplum kuruluşları tarafından insan ticaretini önlemeye yönelik halkla ilişkiler kampanyaları başlatılmıştır. Bu kampanyalar içerisinde özellikle insan ticaretinin kadınlara yönelik olumsuz boyutunu ele alan halkla ilişkiler kampanyalarının ön plana çıktığı görülmektedir. Çalışmada amaçlı örneklem metodu kullanılarak belirlenen insan ticaretinde kadınları konu alan dört halkla ilişkiler kampanyası (Gözyaşı, Kurban, Özgürlük, Dikkat) üzerinden kadınların mağduriyetine yönelik verilen mesajların açıklanmasına çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışmada ABD'li dilbilimci Charles Sanders Peirce'in göstergebilim kavramları üzerinden halkla ilişkiler kampanyalarında kullanılan posterlerin göstergebilimsel analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda insan ticareti ile birlikte kadınların özgürlüklerini kaybettikleri, toplumdan dışlandıkları, bedensel olarak sömürüye maruz kaldıkları mesajlarının verildiği saptanmıştır.

References

  • Alvarez, M. B., & Alessi, E. J. (2012). Human Trafficking is More Than Sex Trafficking and Prostitution: Implications for Social Work. Affilia, 27(2), 142-152. Andrijasevic, R. (2007). Beautiful Dead Bodies: Gender, Migration and Representation in Anti-Trafficking Campaigns. Feminist Review, 86(1), 24-44. Aradau, C. (2004). The Perverse Politics of Four-Letter Words: Risk and Pity in the Securitisation of Human Trafficking. Millennium, 33(2), 251-277. Askola, H. (2007). Violence against Women, Trafficking, and Migration in the European Union. European Law Journal, 13(2), 204-217. Barın, H. (2015). Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Kadınların Toplumsal Bağlamda Yaşadıkları Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri. Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, (2), 10-56. Behance (2019). "ABD'nin Halkla İlişkiler Kampanyası", https:// www. behance. net/ gallery / 3387001/ Human- Trafficking- Public- Awareness-Campaign- Poster, Erişim Tarihi: 23. 06. 2019. Brysk, A. (2009). Beyond Framing and Shaming: Human Trafficking, Human Security and Human Rights. Journal of Human Security, 5(3), 8-21. CNDH (2019). "Meksika'nın Halkla İlişkiler Kampanyası", http:// www. cndh. org. mx/ Campana _Trata, Erişim Tarihi: 23. 06. 2019. Corrin, C. (2005). Transitional Road for Traffic: Analysing Trafficking in Women from and through Central and Eastern Europe. Europe-Asia Studies, 57(4), 543-560. Coşkun, E. (2014). Türkiye'de Göçmen Kadınlar ve Seks Ticareti. Calisma ve Toplum, 42(3), 185-206. Coşkun, E. (2016). Türkiye'nin Göç Rejiminde Toplumsal Cinsiyet Faktörü: Ugandalı Göçmen Kadınlar Örneği. Fe Journal: Feminist Critique/Fe Dergi: Feminist Elestiri, 8(1). 91-104. Çetin, M., & Sönmez, E. E. (2015). Sosyal Temsil Kuramı Bağlamında Kurumsal Reklamlar: Türk Hava Yolları Örneği. İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, 1(39), 191-207. Deshpande, N. A., & Nour, N. M. (2013). Sex Trafficking of Women and Girls. Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 6(1), 22-27. Fiske, J. (2017). İletişim Çalışmalarına Giriş. Çev., Süleyman İrvan. 5. Basım. Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları. Friesendorf, C. (2007). Pathologies of Security Governance: Efforts Against Human Trafficking in Europe. Security Dialogue, 38(3), 379-402. Gajic-Veljanoski, O., & Stewart, D. E. (2007). Women Trafficked into Prostitution: Determinants, Human Rights and Health Needs. Transcultural Psychiatry, 44(3), 338-358. Gazi, M. A., Çakı, C. (2018). Siyahi Ayrımcılığa Karşı Hazırlanan Kamu Spotu Reklamları. International Journal of Labour Life and Social Policy, 1 (2), 48-62. Gould, C. (2010). Moral panic, Human Trafficking and the 2010 Soccer World Cup. Agenda, 24(85), 31-44. Gulati, G. J. (2011). News Frames and Story Triggers in the Media’s Coverage of Human Trafficking. Human Rights Review, 12(3), 363-379. Hodge, D. R., & Lietz, C. A. (2007). The International Sexual Trafficking of Women and Children: A Review of The Literature. Affilia, 22(2), 163-174. Hughes, D. M., & Denisova, T. A. (2001). The Transnational Political Criminal Nexus of Trafficking in Women from Ukraine. Trends in Organized Crime, 6(3-4), 43-67. Jahic, G., & Karan, U. (2006). Türk Ceza ve Ceza Usul Hukuku ve Fuhuş amaçlı İnsan Ticareti Suçunda Yaşanan Sorunlar. Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, 67, 97-110. Kempadoo, K. (2015). The Modern-day White (wo) Man’s Burden: Trends in Anti-Trafficking and Anti-Slavery Campaigns. Journal of Human Trafficking, 1(1), 8-20. Kligman, G., & Limoncelli, S. (2005). Trafficking Women after Socialism: From, to, and through Eastern Europe. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society, 12(1), 118-140. Lutya, T. M. (2009). Epi-Criminological Responses to Human Trafficking of Young Women and Girls for Involuntary Prostitution in South Africa. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 10(S1), 59-78. Mahmoud, T. O., & Trebesch, C. (2010). The Economics of Human Trafficking and Labour Migration: Micro-Evidence from Eastern Europe. Journal of Comparative Economics, 38(2), 173-188. McDonald, W. F. (2004). Traffic Counts, Symbols & Agendas: A Critique of the Campaign against Trafficking of Human Beings. International Review of Victimology, 11(1), 143-176. McDonald, W. F. (2014). Explaining the Under-Performance of the Anti-Human-Trafficking Campaign: Experience from the United States and Europe. Crime, Law and Social Change, 61(2), 125-138. Nieuwenhuys, C., & Pécoud, A. (2007). Human Trafficking, Information Campaigns, and Strategies of Migration Control. American Behavioral Scientist, 50(12), 1674-1695. O’Brien, E. (2016). Human Trafficking Heroes and Villains: Representing the Problem in Anti-Trafficking Awareness Campaigns. Social & Legal Studies, 25(2), 205-224. Outshoorn, J. (2005). The Political Debates on Prostitution and Trafficking of Women. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society, 12(1), 141-155. Paul, B. K., & Hasnath, S. A. (2000). Trafficking in Bangladeshi Women and Girls. Geographical Review, 90(2), 268-276. Purple Teardrop (2019). "İngiltere'nin Halkla İlişkiler Kampanyası", http://www. purpleteardrop. org. uk /resources/, Erişim Tarihi: 23. 06. 2019. Raphael, J., Reichert, J. A., & Powers, M. (2010). Pimp Control and Violence: Domestic Sex Trafficking of Chicago Women and Girls. Women & Criminal Justice, 20(1-2), 89-104. Rifat, M. (2013). Açıklamalı Göstergebilim Sözlüğü: Kavramlar, Yöntemler, Kuramcılar, Okullar. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları. Sever, M. (2018). Türkiye’de Kadın Ticaretine Yönelik Politikaların İncelenmesi. Sosyal Çalışma Dergisi, 2(2), 32-42. Siegel, D., & De Blank, S. (2010). Women Who Traffic Women: the Role of Women in Human Trafficking Networks–Dutch Cases. Global Crime, 11(4), 436-447. Stewart, D. E., & Gajic-Veljanoski, O. (2005). Trafficking in Women: the Canadian Perspective. Cmaj, 173(1), 25-26. Şeker, D. (2016). Göç Sürecinde Kadın. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(1), 199-214. Tanyeri Mazıcı, E., & Çakı, C. (2018). Adolf Hitler’in Korku Çekiciliği Bağlamında Kamu Spotu Reklamlarında Kullanımı. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 5(3), 290-306. Terminal Pasto (2019). "Kolombiya'nın Halkla İlişkiler Kampanyası", http:// terminalpasto. gov. co/ campana- esoescuento- 2/, http://www. purpleteardrop. org. uk /resources/, Erişim Tarihi: 23. 06. 2019. Tsutsumi, A., Izutsu, T., Poudyal, A. K., Kato, S., & Marui, E. (2008). Mental Health of Female Survivors of Human Trafficking in Nepal. Social Science & Medicine, 66(8), 1841-1847. Ugarte, M. B., Zarate, L., & Farley, M. (2004). Prostitution and Trafficking of Women and Children from Mexico to the United States. Journal of Trauma Practice, 2(3-4), 147-165. Womanstats (2019). "Ülkelere Göre Kadınların Güvenlik Durumları", http:// www. womanstats. org/, Erişim Tarihi: 23. 06. 2019. Yılmaz, A. (2019). Göç ve Kadın: “Göçün Feminizasyonu” ve Kadın Göçmenlerin Durumu. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17 (1), 383-400.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gül Çakı 0000-0001-6228-6313

Publication Date June 23, 2020
Submission Date June 25, 2019
Acceptance Date April 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çakı, G. (2020). İnsan Ticaretini Önlemeye Yönelik Olarak Kadınları Konu Alan Halkla İlişkiler Kampanyaları Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 118-142.