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General Overview of The Historical Development of Human Rights in International Law

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 1, 1 - 23, 30.06.2025

Öz

The issue of human rights has been discussed for centuries in different civilizations, sometimes directly and sometimes indirectly. Evolution has occurred not only in human's physical appearance but also in his mind and perspective. For this reason, human rights have appeared in many historical scenes until today. Humanity has wanted to protect the rights and responsibilities it has by nature, no matter where and how. This form of protection or ownership has hosted different practices of states or communities until it took on its modern appearance. This study, which was prepared considering that the issue of human rights is the umbrella of all legal principles, focuses on how this concept of rights, which dates back centuries, evolved.

Kaynakça

  • Aksar, Yusuf. Teoride ve Uygulamada Uluslararası Hukuk- I. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları, 6. Baskı, 2021.
  • Aksar, Yusuf. Teoride ve Uygulamada Uluslararası Hukuk- II. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları, 6. Baskı 2021.
  • Aksoy, Ekrem. Güzel, Cemal. Tepe, Harun. İnsan Hakları Konferans Panel ve Sempozyumlar, Ankara: Ankara Barosu İnsan Hakları Merkezi Yayınları, 2.Baskı, 2006.
  • Alston, Philip, and Ryan Goodman. International Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2013.
  • https://www.academia.edu/42888025/International_Human_Rights_by_Philip_Alston_Ryan_Goodman.
  • An-Na’im, Abdullahi Ahmed. Human Rights in Cross-Cultural Perspectives: A Quest for Consensus. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992. https://dokumen.pub/qdownload/human-rights-in-cross-cultural-perspectives-a-quest-for-consensus-9780812200195.html.
  • Arendt, Hannah. The Origins of Totalitarianism. New ed. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973. https://social-ecology.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Hannah-Arendt-The-Origins-of-Totalitarianism-Harcourt-Brace-Jovanovich-1973.pdf.
  • Aybay, Rona. ve Çelik, Demirhan Burak. İnsan Hakları Hukuku. İstanbul: Der Yayınları, 5. Baskı 2022.
  • Bozkurt, Enver ve Kanat, Selim. ve Bektaş, Sezercan. Uluslararası İnsan Hakları Hukuku. Ankara: Legem Yayıncılık,3. Baskı, 2018.
  • Buchanan, Allen. Justice, Legitimacy, and Self-Determination: Moral Foundations for International Law. Oxford University Press, 2002. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/justice-legitimacy-and-self-determination-9780199297986?cc=tr&lang=en&.
  • Çayır, Celal Yeşil, İnsan Haklarının Aydınlatılmasında Felsefi Bilginin Önemi. Bursa: Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 2018.
  • Demirhan, Eray Sinan. "Ronald Dworkin’in Uluslararası Hukuk Teorisi." YBU Hukuk Dergisi, 2021. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ybuhukuk/issue/86478/142564.
  • Doğan, İlyas. İnsan Hakları Hukuku. Ankara: Astana Yayıncılık, 3. Baskı, 2015.
  • Doğan, İlyas. Vatandaşlık, Demokrasi ve İnsan Hakları. Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık, 3.Baskı, 2002.
  • Donnelly, Jack. Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice. 3rd ed. Cornell University Press, 2013. https://dokumen.pub/universal-human-rights-in-theory-and-practice-third-edition-9780801467493.html.
  • Erdoğan, Mustafa. İnsan Hakları Teorisi ve Hukuku. Ankara: Hukuk Yayınları, 7.Baskı, 2019.
  • Fendoğlu, Hasan Tahsin. İnsan Hakları Hukuku. Ankara: Yetkin Yayınları, 2. Baskı, 2020.
  • Finnis, John. Natural Law and Natural Rights. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2011. https://etica.uazuay.edu.ec/sites/etica.uazuay.edu.ec/files/public/Natural%20Law%20and%20Natural%20Rights%20%28Clarendon%20Law%29%20%28%20PDFDrive%20%29.pdf.
  • Gemalmaz, Mehmet Selim. Ulusalüstü İnsan Hakları Hukukunun Genel Teorisine Giriş. İstanbul: Legal Yayıncılık, 8. Baskı, 2012.
  • George, Robert P. In Defense of Natural Law. Oxford University Press, 2001. https://archive.org/details/indefenseofnatur0000geor/page/352/mode/2up.
  • Greer, Steven. The European Convention on Human Rights: Achievements, Problems and Prospects. Cambridge University Press, 2006. http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/45316/1/85.pdf.
  • Hanioğlu, M. Şükrü. A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire. Princeton University Press, 2008. https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofla0000hani/mode/2up.
  • Harris, David, Michael O’Boyle, and Conor Warbrick. Law of the European Convention on Human Rights. 4th ed. Oxford University Press, 2018. https://archive.org/details/harrisoboylewarb0000unse.
  • Hart, H. L. A. The Concept of Law. 2nd ed., edited by Joseph Raz. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://fs2.american.edu/dfagel/www/Class%20Readings/Hart/Concept%20of%20LAW_Chapters%201_2.pdf.
  • History.com Editörleri, İngiliz Haklar Bildirgesi, 2024. www.history.com/topics/british-history/english-bill-of-rights.
  • İnalcık, Halil. The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age 1300–1600. Translated by N. Itzkowitz. Phoenix Press, 2000. https://cristoraul.org/ENGLISH/readinghall/THIRDMILLENNIUMLIBRARY/GEORGE-FINLAY/PDFLIBRARY/TheOttomanEmpire-TheClassicalAge1300-1600.pdf.
  • İnsan Hakları Konferans Panel ve Sempozyumlar Ankara Barosu İnsan Hakları Hukuku Araştırma ve Uygulama merkezi. Ankara: Barosu İnsan Hakları Merkezi Yayınları, 2.Baskı, 2006.
  • Kalabalık, Halil. İnsan Hakları Hukuku. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 3. Baskı, 2021.
  • Karpat, Kemal H. The Politicization of Islam: Reconstructing Identity, State, Faith, and Community in the Late Ottoman State. Oxford University Press, 2001. https://soerenkern.com/pdfs/islam/PoliticizationOfIslamKarpat.pdf.
  • Langford, Malcolm. Social Rights Jurisprudence: Emerging Trends in International and Comparative Law. Cambridge University Press, 2008. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297185571_Social_rights_jurisprudence_Emerging_trends_in_international_and_comparative_law.
  • Letsas, George. A Theory of Interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2007. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/32894799_A_Theory_of_Interpretation_of_the_European_Convention_on_Human_Rights.
  • Mason, George. Virginia Declaration of Rights, 2024. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/172hpr-9e4a91d323871e6/.
  • Moeckli, Daniel, Sangeeta Shah, and Saladin Sivakumaran. International Human Rights Law. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2018. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378779796_International_Human_Rights_Law.
  • Mutua, Makau. "Savages, Victims, and Saviors: The Metaphor of Human Rights." Harvard International Law Journal 42, no. 1 (2001): 201–245. https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/journal_articles/570/.
  • Nickel, James W. Making Sense of Human Rights. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell, 2019. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327655552_Making_Sense_of_Human_Rights_Second_Edition_Wiley-Blackwell_2007.
  • Nowak, Manfred. U.N. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: CCPR Commentary. 2nd ed. N.P. Engel, 2005. http://www.ejil.org/pdfs/18/1/222.pdf.
  • Ortaylı, İlber. İmparatorluğun En Uzun Yüzyılı. 22nd ed. İletişim Yayınları, 2006. https://archive.org/details/ilber-ortayli-imparatorlugun-en-uzun-yuzyili/page/42/mode/2up.
  • Sen, Alfred A. Knopf. Development as Freedom, 18/04/2025 tarihinde chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/http://www.c3l.uni-oldenburg.de/cde/OMDE625/Sen/Sen-intro.pdf sitesinden alınmıştır
  • Sen, Amartya. Development as Freedom. Alfred A. Knopf, 2004. https://kuangaliablog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/amartya_kumar_sen_development_as_freedombookfi.pdf.
  • Shaw, Malcolm. Uluslararası Hukuk. Ankara: Tüba Yayıncılık, 8. Baskı, 2018.
  • Stephen P. Marks, Human Rights: A Brief Introduction, 2004 https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Human-Rights%3A-A-Brief-Introduction-Marks/60c77ef97462151e5a2c9bcece7292001bcc86c0
  • Tezcan, Durmuş. ve Erdem, Mustafa Ruhan, Sancakdar, Oğuz. ve Önok, Rırat Murat. İnsan Hakları El Kitabı. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 5.Baskı, 2014.
  • Winter, Jay. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 2024 www.europa.clio-online.de/essay/id/fdae-1490

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN HAKLARININ TARİHİ GELİŞİMİNE GENEL BAKIŞ

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 1, 1 - 23, 30.06.2025

Öz

İnsan hakları, yüzyıllar boyunca farklı medeniyetler ve uygarlıklar nezdinde kimi zaman doğrudan kimi zaman da dolaylı yollardan tartışılmıştır. Evrim sadece insanın fiziksel görünüşünde değil zihninde ve bakış açısında da gerçekleşmiştir. Bu sebeple günümüze gelene kadar insan hakları birçok farklı tarih sahnesinde karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İnsanoğlu doğası gereği sahip olduğu hakları ve sorumlulukları nerede ve nasıl olursa olsun korumak istemiştir. Bu koruma ya da sahiplenme şekli modern görüntüsünü alana kadar devletlerin ya da toplulukların farklı uygulamalarına ev sahipliği yapmıştır. İnsan hakları konusunun tüm hukuk prensiplerinin çatısı olduğu düşünülerek hazırlanan bu çalışmada, yüzyıllar öncesine dayanan bu hak kavramının nasıl evrimleştiği üzerinde durulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Aksar, Yusuf. Teoride ve Uygulamada Uluslararası Hukuk- I. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları, 6. Baskı, 2021.
  • Aksar, Yusuf. Teoride ve Uygulamada Uluslararası Hukuk- II. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları, 6. Baskı 2021.
  • Aksoy, Ekrem. Güzel, Cemal. Tepe, Harun. İnsan Hakları Konferans Panel ve Sempozyumlar, Ankara: Ankara Barosu İnsan Hakları Merkezi Yayınları, 2.Baskı, 2006.
  • Alston, Philip, and Ryan Goodman. International Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2013.
  • https://www.academia.edu/42888025/International_Human_Rights_by_Philip_Alston_Ryan_Goodman.
  • An-Na’im, Abdullahi Ahmed. Human Rights in Cross-Cultural Perspectives: A Quest for Consensus. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992. https://dokumen.pub/qdownload/human-rights-in-cross-cultural-perspectives-a-quest-for-consensus-9780812200195.html.
  • Arendt, Hannah. The Origins of Totalitarianism. New ed. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973. https://social-ecology.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Hannah-Arendt-The-Origins-of-Totalitarianism-Harcourt-Brace-Jovanovich-1973.pdf.
  • Aybay, Rona. ve Çelik, Demirhan Burak. İnsan Hakları Hukuku. İstanbul: Der Yayınları, 5. Baskı 2022.
  • Bozkurt, Enver ve Kanat, Selim. ve Bektaş, Sezercan. Uluslararası İnsan Hakları Hukuku. Ankara: Legem Yayıncılık,3. Baskı, 2018.
  • Buchanan, Allen. Justice, Legitimacy, and Self-Determination: Moral Foundations for International Law. Oxford University Press, 2002. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/justice-legitimacy-and-self-determination-9780199297986?cc=tr&lang=en&.
  • Çayır, Celal Yeşil, İnsan Haklarının Aydınlatılmasında Felsefi Bilginin Önemi. Bursa: Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 2018.
  • Demirhan, Eray Sinan. "Ronald Dworkin’in Uluslararası Hukuk Teorisi." YBU Hukuk Dergisi, 2021. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ybuhukuk/issue/86478/142564.
  • Doğan, İlyas. İnsan Hakları Hukuku. Ankara: Astana Yayıncılık, 3. Baskı, 2015.
  • Doğan, İlyas. Vatandaşlık, Demokrasi ve İnsan Hakları. Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık, 3.Baskı, 2002.
  • Donnelly, Jack. Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice. 3rd ed. Cornell University Press, 2013. https://dokumen.pub/universal-human-rights-in-theory-and-practice-third-edition-9780801467493.html.
  • Erdoğan, Mustafa. İnsan Hakları Teorisi ve Hukuku. Ankara: Hukuk Yayınları, 7.Baskı, 2019.
  • Fendoğlu, Hasan Tahsin. İnsan Hakları Hukuku. Ankara: Yetkin Yayınları, 2. Baskı, 2020.
  • Finnis, John. Natural Law and Natural Rights. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2011. https://etica.uazuay.edu.ec/sites/etica.uazuay.edu.ec/files/public/Natural%20Law%20and%20Natural%20Rights%20%28Clarendon%20Law%29%20%28%20PDFDrive%20%29.pdf.
  • Gemalmaz, Mehmet Selim. Ulusalüstü İnsan Hakları Hukukunun Genel Teorisine Giriş. İstanbul: Legal Yayıncılık, 8. Baskı, 2012.
  • George, Robert P. In Defense of Natural Law. Oxford University Press, 2001. https://archive.org/details/indefenseofnatur0000geor/page/352/mode/2up.
  • Greer, Steven. The European Convention on Human Rights: Achievements, Problems and Prospects. Cambridge University Press, 2006. http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/45316/1/85.pdf.
  • Hanioğlu, M. Şükrü. A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire. Princeton University Press, 2008. https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofla0000hani/mode/2up.
  • Harris, David, Michael O’Boyle, and Conor Warbrick. Law of the European Convention on Human Rights. 4th ed. Oxford University Press, 2018. https://archive.org/details/harrisoboylewarb0000unse.
  • Hart, H. L. A. The Concept of Law. 2nd ed., edited by Joseph Raz. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://fs2.american.edu/dfagel/www/Class%20Readings/Hart/Concept%20of%20LAW_Chapters%201_2.pdf.
  • History.com Editörleri, İngiliz Haklar Bildirgesi, 2024. www.history.com/topics/british-history/english-bill-of-rights.
  • İnalcık, Halil. The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age 1300–1600. Translated by N. Itzkowitz. Phoenix Press, 2000. https://cristoraul.org/ENGLISH/readinghall/THIRDMILLENNIUMLIBRARY/GEORGE-FINLAY/PDFLIBRARY/TheOttomanEmpire-TheClassicalAge1300-1600.pdf.
  • İnsan Hakları Konferans Panel ve Sempozyumlar Ankara Barosu İnsan Hakları Hukuku Araştırma ve Uygulama merkezi. Ankara: Barosu İnsan Hakları Merkezi Yayınları, 2.Baskı, 2006.
  • Kalabalık, Halil. İnsan Hakları Hukuku. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 3. Baskı, 2021.
  • Karpat, Kemal H. The Politicization of Islam: Reconstructing Identity, State, Faith, and Community in the Late Ottoman State. Oxford University Press, 2001. https://soerenkern.com/pdfs/islam/PoliticizationOfIslamKarpat.pdf.
  • Langford, Malcolm. Social Rights Jurisprudence: Emerging Trends in International and Comparative Law. Cambridge University Press, 2008. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297185571_Social_rights_jurisprudence_Emerging_trends_in_international_and_comparative_law.
  • Letsas, George. A Theory of Interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2007. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/32894799_A_Theory_of_Interpretation_of_the_European_Convention_on_Human_Rights.
  • Mason, George. Virginia Declaration of Rights, 2024. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/172hpr-9e4a91d323871e6/.
  • Moeckli, Daniel, Sangeeta Shah, and Saladin Sivakumaran. International Human Rights Law. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2018. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378779796_International_Human_Rights_Law.
  • Mutua, Makau. "Savages, Victims, and Saviors: The Metaphor of Human Rights." Harvard International Law Journal 42, no. 1 (2001): 201–245. https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/journal_articles/570/.
  • Nickel, James W. Making Sense of Human Rights. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell, 2019. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327655552_Making_Sense_of_Human_Rights_Second_Edition_Wiley-Blackwell_2007.
  • Nowak, Manfred. U.N. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: CCPR Commentary. 2nd ed. N.P. Engel, 2005. http://www.ejil.org/pdfs/18/1/222.pdf.
  • Ortaylı, İlber. İmparatorluğun En Uzun Yüzyılı. 22nd ed. İletişim Yayınları, 2006. https://archive.org/details/ilber-ortayli-imparatorlugun-en-uzun-yuzyili/page/42/mode/2up.
  • Sen, Alfred A. Knopf. Development as Freedom, 18/04/2025 tarihinde chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/http://www.c3l.uni-oldenburg.de/cde/OMDE625/Sen/Sen-intro.pdf sitesinden alınmıştır
  • Sen, Amartya. Development as Freedom. Alfred A. Knopf, 2004. https://kuangaliablog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/amartya_kumar_sen_development_as_freedombookfi.pdf.
  • Shaw, Malcolm. Uluslararası Hukuk. Ankara: Tüba Yayıncılık, 8. Baskı, 2018.
  • Stephen P. Marks, Human Rights: A Brief Introduction, 2004 https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Human-Rights%3A-A-Brief-Introduction-Marks/60c77ef97462151e5a2c9bcece7292001bcc86c0
  • Tezcan, Durmuş. ve Erdem, Mustafa Ruhan, Sancakdar, Oğuz. ve Önok, Rırat Murat. İnsan Hakları El Kitabı. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 5.Baskı, 2014.
  • Winter, Jay. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 2024 www.europa.clio-online.de/essay/id/fdae-1490
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kamu Hukuku (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ahmet Bilgin Bu kişi benim

Barış Akkaya

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 5 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Bilgin, Ahmet - Akkaya, Barış. “ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA İNSAN HAKLARININ TARİHİ GELİŞİMİNE GENEL BAKIŞ”. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 1 (Haziran2025), 1-23.